Alejandro González Iñárritu

Alejandro González Iñárritu (/ɪˈnjɑːrɪtuː/; American Spanish: [aleˈxandɾo ɣonˈsales iˈɲaritu]; born 15 August 1963) is a Mexican film director, producer, and screenwriter. He is known for telling international stories about the human condition, and his projects have garnered critical acclaim and numerous accolades.

This article uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is González and the second or maternal family name is Iñárritu.
Alejandro González Iñárritu
Alejandro González Iñárritu, in 2017.
Born (1963-08-15) 15 August 1963
Mexico City, Mexico
NationalityMexican
Other namesAlejandro G. Iñárritu
CitizenshipMexican & Spanish
Alma materUniversidad Iberoamericana
Occupation
  • Film director
  • film producer
  • screenwriter
Years active1984–present
Spouse(s)Maria Eladia Hagerman
Children2
Signature

His debut film, Amores Perros, premiered at the Cannes Film Festival and won the Critics' Week Grand Prize and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film[1] in 2000. His next and first American film, 21 Grams, was presented in competition at the 60th Venice International Film Festival, where Sean Penn won the Volpi Cup for Best Actor. It was nominated for two Academy Awards for Lead Actress Naomi Watts and Supporting Actor Benicio del Toro. In 2006, Babel was presented in competition at the 59th Cannes Film Festival where Iñárritu won the Best Director Award. That same year, Babel went on to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Picture Drama, was nominated for the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing, and was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including two for Iñárritu for Best Picture and Best Director. Iñárritu's fourth film, Biutiful, received the Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival for Javier Bardem's moving lead performance. Additionally, the film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and Javier Bardem was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor. In 2014, he won three Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Original Screenplay for Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance). The following year, he won a second Academy Award for Best Director for The Revenant (2015), making him the third director to win back-to-back Academy Awards, and the first since 1950. The Revenant also won Iñárritu a DGA Award, making history as the first person to ever win two in a row. Additionally, Iñárritu was awarded a Special Achievement Academy Award for his virtual reality installation Carne y Arena in 2017, the first time it had been awarded since 1995.[2] Carne y Arena also became the first VR installation ever presented at the Cannes Film Festival in 2017 and it was exhibited at Fondazione Prada in Milan, LACMA in Los Angeles, Tlatelolco in Mexico City and in Washington DC at a converted church in the northeast sector of the city.

Iñárritu is the first Mexican filmmaker to be nominated for either director or producer in the history of the Academy Awards, the first Mexican filmmaker to receive a Best Director Award at Cannes, the first Mexican filmmaker to win an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, and the first Mexican filmmaker to win a Best Picture Academy Award. Finally, Iñárritu became the first Latin American to become the President of the Jury of the 72nd Cannes Film Festival [3] in 2019, same year in which he received the honoris causa doctorate from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).

Early life

Iñárritu was born on 15 August 1963 in Mexico City, the youngest of seven siblings, to Luz María Iñárritu and Héctor González Gama.[4][5][6] Héctor was a banker who owned a ranch, but went bankrupt when Iñárritu was five.[6][7] A poor student, Iñárritu was expelled from high school at the age of 16 or 17 due to poor grades and misbehavior.[6][7][8] He briefly ran off with a girl from a wealthy family to Acapulco, having been influenced by the Miloš Forman film Hair, but returned to Mexico City after a week.[6][8]

Soon after, Iñárritu left home and worked as a sailor on cargo boats, taking two trips at the ages of 16 and 18, sailing through the Mississippi River and then visiting Europe and Africa. With $1,000 supplied by his father, Iñárritu stayed in Europe for a year on the second trip.[9][10] He has noted that these early travels as a young man have had a great influence on him as a filmmaker,[10] and the settings of his films have often been in the places he visited during this period.[8] After his travels, Iñárritu returned to Mexico City and majored in communications at Universidad Iberoamericana, one of the most prestigious private universities in Mexico.[11]

Career
Alejandro González Iñárritu and the Biutiful team at Cannes.

Iñárritu began his career in 1984 as a radio host at the Mexican radio station WFM, the country's most popular rock music station, where he "pieced together playlists into a loose narrative arc".[10][11] He worked with and interviewed artists like Robert Plant, David Gilmour, Elton John, Bob Geldof and Carlos Santana. He also wrote and broadcast small audio stories and storytelling promos. He later became the youngest producer for Televisa, the largest mass media company in Latin America.[11] From 1987 to 1989, he composed music for six Mexican feature films. During this time, Iñárritu became acquainted with Mexican writer Guillermo Arriaga, beginning their screenwriting collaborations.[11] Iñárritu has stated that he believes music has had a bigger influence on him as an artist than film itself.[10]

In the early 1990s, Iñárritu created Z films, a production company, with Raul Olvera in Mexico.[12] Under Z Films, he started writing, producing and directing short films and advertisements.[11] Making the final transition into TV and film directing, he studied under well-known theater director Ludwik Margules, as well as Judith Weston in Los Angeles.[13][14] In 1995, Iñárritu wrote and directed his first TV pilot for Z Films, called Detrás del dinero, or Behind the Money, starring Miguel Bosé.[12]

2000–2011: Film trilogy with Guillermo Arriaga and Biutiful
Alejandro G. Iñárritu. and Cate Blanchett on the set of Babel.

In 2000, Iñárritu directed his first feature film Amores perros, co-written with Guillermo Arriaga.[11] Amores perros explored Mexican society in Mexico City told via three intertwining stories. In 2000, Amores perros premiered at the Cannes Film Festival and won the Critics' Week Grand Prize.[15] It was the film debut of actor Gael García Bernal, who would later appear in Babel and the Iñárritu-produced Mexican film Rudo y Cursi. Amores perros was the first installment in Iñárritu's and Arriaga's thematic "Death trilogy", and nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.[1][16]

After the success of Amores Perros, Iñárritu and Arriaga revisited the intersected-stories structure of Amores perros in Iñárritu's second feature film, 21 Grams (2003).[11] The film starred Benicio del Toro, Naomi Watts and Sean Penn. It was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival, where Penn received the Volpi Cup for Best Actor.[17][18] At the 76th Academy Awards, Del Toro and Watts received nominations for their performances.[19]

Iñárritu embarked on his third and last film that formed the "Death Trilogy", Babel (2006), co-written with Arriaga.[20][21] Babel comprises four interrelated stories set in Morocco, Mexico, the United States, and Japan, in four different languages.[22] The film stars Brad Pitt, Cate Blanchett, Adriana Barraza, Gael Garcia Bernal, Rinko Kikuchi and Kōji Yakusho. The rest of the cast comprised non-professional actors.[23] The film competed at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival, where Iñárritu received the Best Director Award (Prix de la mise en scène),[24] becoming the first Mexican-born director to win the award.[25]

Babel received seven nominations at the 79th Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director.[17] Gustavo Santaolalla, the film's composer, won the Academy Award for Best Original Score.[26] The film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama in 2007.[27] Iñárritu became the first Mexican director to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Directing and the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing.[28][29] After this third feature film collaboration with writing partner Arriaga, Iñárritu and he professionally parted ways, following Iñárritu's barring of Arriaga from the set during filming. Arriaga told the Los Angeles Times in 2009, "It had to come to an end, but I still respect [González Iñárritu]."[30]

Iñárritu in Barcelona, Spain, 2008

In 2010, Iñárritu directed and produced Biutiful, starring Javier Bardem, written by Iñárritu, Armando Bó Jr., and Nicolás Giacobone.[31] The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2010.[32] Bardem went on to win Best Actor (shared with Elio Germano for La nostra vita) at Cannes.[33] Biutiful is Iñárritu's first film in his native Spanish since his debut feature Amores perros. The film was nominated at the 2011 Golden Globes for Best Foreign Language Film, and at the BAFTA Awards for Best Film Not in the English Language and Best Actor.[34][35] For the second time in his career, Iñárritu's film was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the Academy Awards; Javier Bardem's performance was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor.[36]

2013–present: Birdman and The Revenant

In 2014, Iñárritu ultimately won three Academy Awards for directing, co-writing and co-producing Best Picture winner Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance), starring Michael Keaton, Edward Norton, Emma Stone, Naomi Watts, Zach Galifianakis, and Andrea Riseborough. The film is an existential dark comedy exploring the ego of a forgotten superhero actor, experienced as if filmed on a single shot. It was the first time a Mexican Filmmaker received Best Picture at the Academy Awards. He also won the Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay, a DGA Award and a PGA Award for the film.[37][38]

The following year, Iñárritu directed The Revenant, which he and Mark L. Smith adapted from Michael Punke's novel of the same name.[39][40] The film starred Leonardo DiCaprio, Tom Hardy, Domhnall Gleeson, and Will Poulter.[41] It is a "gritty" 19th-century period drama-thriller about fur trapper Hugh Glass, a real person who joined the Rocky Mountain Fur Company on a "journey into the wild" and was robbed and abandoned after being mauled by a grizzly bear.[40] The film considers the nature and stresses on relationships under the duress of the wilderness, and issues of revenge and pardon via Glass's pursuit of the man who was responsible for his hardship.[39][42] The Revenant took nine months to shoot.[43] With The Revenant, Iñárritu won a second consecutive Oscar for Best Director [44] and was nominated for 12 Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, winning Best Director, Best Cinematography and Best Actor.[45][46] Iñárritu is one of only three directors to ever win consecutive Oscars, and the first to do it in 65 years. He was also nominated for four Golden Globe Awards, winning three, including Best Motion Picture – Drama and Best Director;[47] received nine Critics' Choice Movie Awards nominations, including Best Picture and Best Director;[48] five BAFTAs including Best Picture and Best Director; and a DGA Award, making history as the first person to ever win two in a row.

The One Percent, originally planned as an upcoming American television drama series created and written by Iñárritu, Alexander Dinelaris Jr., Nicolás Giacobone and Armando Bó, was eventually postponed on early March 2017 due to Alejandro feeling burnt out after the production of The Revenant. The quartet, who also collaborated on Birdman, were to serve as executive producers. Iñárritu was set to direct the first two episodes and set the visual style of the show.

Short films and commercials
Alejandro González Iñárritu at the Cannes Film Festival in 2019.

From 2001 to 2011, Iñárritu directed several short films. In 2001, he directed an 11-minute film segment for 11'09"01 September 11 - which is composed of several short films that explore the effects of the 9/11 terrorist attacks from different points of view around the world.[11] In 2007, he made ANNA, part of French anthology film Chacun son cinéma, which screened at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival. Chacun son cinéma, a collection of 34 short films by 34 renowned film directors representing 25 countries, was produced for the 60th anniversary of the film festival.[49] In 2012, Iñárritu made the experimental short film Naran Ja: One Act Orange Dance, inspired by L.A Dance Project's premiere performance, featuring excerpts from the new choreography Benjamin Millepied crafted for Moving Parts. The story takes place in a secluded, dusty space and centers around LADP dancer Julia Eichten.[50]

In 2002, Iñárritu directed "Powder Keg", an episode for the BMW short film series The Hire, starring Clive Owen as the driver and Stellan Skarsgård as a war photographer. It won the Cannes Gold Lion Advertising Award.[51] In 2010, Iñárritu directed "Write the Future", a football-themed commercial for Nike ahead of the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which went on to win the Grand Prix at the Cannes Lions Advertising Festival.[52] In 2012, he directed Procter & Gamble's "Best Job" commercial spot for the 2012 Olympic Ceremonies. It won the Best Primetime Commercial Emmy at Creative Arts Emmy Awards[53] and the DGA Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Commercials.[54]

On 4 October 2012, Facebook released an Iñárritu-directed brand film titled The Things That Connect Us to celebrate the social network reaching one billion users.[55]

Virtual reality

Iñárritu's virtual reality project Carne y Arena was the first ever VR installation presented at the Cannes Film Festival in 2017. Carne y Arena was also presented, at LACMA, Washington DC and featured at the Prada Foundation in Milan. Additionally, Carne y Arena was awarded the first Special Achievement Academy Award in over 20 years at the Academy’s 9th Annual Governors Awards.[56]

Personal life

Iñárritu is married to Maria Eladia Hagerman, an editor and graphic designer. They have a daughter, Maria Eladia, and a son, Eliseo.[8][57]

Filmography
Year Film Director Producer Writer Editor Note
1996 El Timbre Yes Yes Yes Yes Short film
2000 Amores perros Yes Yes No Yes
2001 Powder Keg Yes No Yes Yes Short film; The Hire series for BMW
2002 11'09"01 Yes Yes Yes Yes Short film; 11'09"01 September 11
2003 21 Grams Yes Yes No No Credited as Story Collaborator
2006 Babel Yes Yes No No
2007 ANNA Yes Yes Yes No Short film; Chacun son cinema
2008 Rudo y Cursi No Yes No No
2010 Biutiful Yes Yes Yes No
2012 Naran Ja Yes Yes Yes No Short film[58]
2014 Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) Yes Yes Yes No
2015 The Revenant Yes Yes Yes No
2017 Flesh and Sand Yes No Yes No Short film

Critical reception
Year Film Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic[59]
2000Amores perros92%[60]83
200321 Grams80%[61]70
2006Babel69%[62]69
2010Biutiful64%[63]58
2014Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)91%[64]88
2015The Revenant78%[65]76

Accolades
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Alejandro González Iñárritu

Iñárritu has been recognized with multiple awards for his films, including five Academy Awards, two Directors Guild of America Awards, a Producers Guild of America Award, three British Academy Film Awards, three AACTA Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, two Independent Spirit Awards, two American Film Institute Awards, and three Cannes Film Festival Award. He is the first Mexican director to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director and the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing, and the first to win the Best Director Award at the Cannes Film Festival.[28][29] In 2015, Iñárritu won, among many other accolades, the Directors Guild Award for Outstanding Directing, the Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture, and the Academy Award for Best Picture, Best Original Screenplay and Best Directing for Birdman, becoming the first Mexican to win three Academy awards.[66] In 2016, Iñárritu won the Academy Award for Best Director for his work on The Revenant, marking the first time in 65 years that a director has won the award in two consecutive years. Iñárritu is the third director to accomplish this feat, following John Ford and Joseph L. Mankiewicz.[46]

In 2006, Iñárritu was honored at the Gotham Awards' World Cinema Tribute, alongside fellow Mexican filmmakers Alfonso Cuarón and Guillermo del Toro.[67] In 2015, Iñárritu received the Sundance Institute's Vanguard Leadership Award for the "originality and independent spirit" of his films.[25] He was also honored by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art at its Art + Film Gala.[68]

Year Film Academy Awards BAFTA Awards Golden Globe Awards
Nominations Wins Nominations Wins Nominations Wins
2000 Amores perros 1 1 1 1
2003 21 Grams 2 5
2006 Babel 7 1 7 1 7 1
2010 Biutiful 2 2 1
2014 Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) 9 4 10 1 7 2
2015 The Revenant 12 3 8 5 4 3
2017 Flesh and Sand 1 1
Total 33 8 33 8 20 6

Directed Academy Award Performances

As of 2018, each of Iñárritu's feature films, with the exception of Amores perros, showcases at least one Academy Award nominated performance.

Year Performer Film Result
Academy Award for Best Actor
2010 Javier Bardem Biutiful Nominated
2014 Michael Keaton Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) Nominated
2015 Leonardo DiCaprio The Revenant Won
Academy Award for Best Actress
2003 Naomi Watts 21 Grams Nominated
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
2003 Benicio del Toro 21 Grams Nominated
2014 Edward Norton Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) Nominated
2015 Tom Hardy The Revenant Nominated
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
2006 Adriana Barraza Babel Nominated
Rinko Kikuchi Nominated
2014 Emma Stone Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) Nominated

See also

References
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  2. Tapley, Khristopher (29 October 2017). "Oscars: Alejandro G. Inarritu's Virtual Reality Installation Carne y Arena to Receive Special Award". Variety.
  3. Orlova-Alvarez, Tamara; Alvarez, Joe (27 February 2019). "Alejandro González Iñárritu The Jury President of 72nd Cannes Film Festival". Ikon London Magazine. Retrieved 27 February 2019.
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  6. Hirschberg, Lynn (18 March 2001). "A New Mexican". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
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  55. "Facebook runs first ad as it reaches 1 billion users". Creative Review. 4 October 2012. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
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  57. "In 'Birdman,' Alejandro G. Inarritu takes his doubts and lets them fly". Los Angeles Times. 10 October 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  58. Naran Ja. YouTube.
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