2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election

Elections to the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly were held on 28 November 2018 to elect members of the 230 constituencies in Madhya Pradesh. It is believed that the election was a direct political battle between the BJP and the INC. One of the main centre of attraction was the contest between Congress heavy-weight Arun yadav and the then Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan . While the Shivraj Singh Chouhan government had tried to win for consecutive 4th term, the INC had fight for winning the state after 2003. The election led to a hung assembly, with the INC emerging as the single largest party and the BJP winning the popular vote.[2]

Election map (by Constituencies)
2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election
28 November 2018
All 230 seats in the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
116 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout75.63% ( 3.56%) [1]
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Kamal Nath Shivraj Singh Chouhan
Party INC BJP
Leader since 2018 2005
Leader's seat Chhindwara (By-poll) Budhni
Last election 58 165
Seats won 114 109
Seat change 57 57
Popular vote 15,595,696 15,643,623
Percentage 40.89% 41.02 %
Swing 4.60% 3.86%
Election results (by Constituencies)
CM before election

Shivraj Singh Chouhan
BJP

 CM after election

Kamal Nath
INC (Till 23rd March 2020)

Shivraj Singh Chouhan BJP (From 23rd March 2020)

Background

The tenure of Madhya Pradesh[3] Legislative Assembly elected in 2013 ended on 7 January 2019.[4]

Schedule

Election dates are announced on 6 October 2018 and voting is on 28 November 2018.

Result declare on 11 December 2018

Event Date Day
Date for Nominations2 Nov 2018Friday
Last Date for filing Nominations9 Nov 2018Friday
Date for scrutiny of nominations12 Nov 2018Monday
Last date for withdrawal of candidatures14 Nov 2018Wednesday
Date of poll28 Nov 2018Wednesday
Date of counting11 Dec 2018Tuesday
Date before which the election shall be completed13 Dec 2018Thursday

Surveys and Polls

Opinion polls

The opinion polls show a tough election battle between the BJP and the INC.

Date Polling agency BJP INC Others Lead
9 November 2018 Timesnow - CNX 122 90 18 32
9 November 2018 ABP News- CSDS 116 105 09 11
9 November 2018 Cvoter 107 116 07 9
2 November 2018 ABP News- C Voter Survey 106 118 06 12
25 October 2018 IndiaTV - CNX 128 85 17 43
17 October 2018 ABP News- C Voter 108 122  – 14
10 October 2018 News Nation 111 109 10 2
9 October 2018 Times Now - Chrome DM 108 103 19 5
9 October 2018 Times Now - Warroom Strategies 142 77 11 65
14 August 2018 ABP News- C Voter 106 117 7 11
4 April 2018 IBC24 101 119 10 18
Average as on 9 November 2018 114 106 10 08

Exit polls

Most exit polls predicted a "tight finish" between the BJP and the INC. According of Poll of Polls, There was a little edge to BJP over INC, however No party got the majority to form the Government.

Polling agency BJP INC Others Lead
CNX– Times Now 126 89 15 37
News 24-Pace Media 103 115 12 12
News Nation 110 107 13 03
C Voter – Republic TV 106 118 06 12
Jan Ki Baat– Republic TV 118 105 07 13
CSDS – ABP News 94 126 10 32
Axis My India – India Today 111 113 06 02
VDPA Associates 135 88 07 47
India News- NETA 106 112 12 06
News 18- Surjit Bhalla 130 90 10 40
Today's Chanakya 103 125 02 22
Poll of Polls 113 108 09 05

Results

Seats and vote-share

The election led to a hung assembly, with the INC emerging as the largest party, with 114 seats, but failing to win a majority.[5] The seat and vote share was as follows -:[6]

Parties and coalitions Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Won +/−
Indian National Congress 1,55,95,696 40.89% 4.60% 114 56
Bharatiya Janata Party 1,56,43,623 41.02% 3.86% 109 56
Bahujan Samaj Party 19,11,642 5% 1.29% 2 2
Samajwadi Party 4,96,025 1.3% 0.1% 1 1
Independents 22,18,230 5.8% 0.42% 4 1
None of the Above 5,42,295 1.4%
Total 3,81,37,528 100.00 230 ±0
Valid votes 3,81,37,528 99.86
Invalid votes 51,706 0.14
Votes cast / turnout 3,81,89,234 75.63
Abstentions 1,23,06,017 24.37
Registered voters 5,04,95,251

Region-wise break up
RegionTotal seatsBharatiya Janata PartyIndian National CongressIndependentBahujan Samaj PartySamajwadi Party
Bagelkhand221903000000
Bhopal2517070100
Bundelkhand261410000101
Gird34726000101
Mahakoshal461728010000
Malwa502426000000
Narmadapuram1174000000
Nimar160410020000
Total230109114421

Constituency-wise results
ConstituencyConstituency No.Winning CandidateParty wonMarginRemarks
Sheopur1Babu JandelIndian National Congress41,710
Vijaypur2Sitaram AadivashiBharatiya Janata Party2,840
Sabalgarh3Baijnath KushwahIndian National Congress8,737
Joura4Banavareelal SharmaIndian National Congress15,173
Sumawali5Adal Singh KansanaIndian National Congress13,313Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Morena6Raghuraj Singh KansanaIndian National Congress20,849Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Dimani7Girraj DandotiyaIndian National Congress18,477Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Ambah8Kamlesh JatavIndian National Congress7,547Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Ater9Arvind Singh BhadoriaBharatiya Janata Party4,978
Bhind10Sanjeev SinghBahujan Samaj Party35,896
Lahar11Dr. Govind SinghIndian National Congress9,073
Mehgaon12O. P. S. BhadoriaIndian National Congress25,814Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Gohad13Ranvir JatavIndian National Congress23,989Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Gwalior Rural14Bharat Singh KushwahBharatiya Janata Party1,517
Gwalior15Pradhumn Singh TomarIndian National Congress21,044Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Gwalior East16Munnalal GoyalIndian National Congress17,819Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Gwalior South17Praveen PathakIndian National Congress121
Bhitarwar18Lakhan Singh YadavIndian National Congress12,130
Dabra19Imarti DeviIndian National Congress57,446Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Sewda20Ghanshyam SinghIndian National Congress33,268
Bhander21Raksha SaroniyaIndian National Congress39,896Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Datia22Dr. Narottam MishraBharatiya Janata Party2,656
Karera23Jasmant Jatave ChitreeIndian National Congress14,824Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Pohari24Suresh Rathkheda DhakadIndian National Congress7,918Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Shivpuri25Yashodhara Raje ScindiaBharatiya Janata Party28,748
Pichhore26K. P. SinghIndian National Congress2,675
Kolaras27Birendra RaghuvanshiBharatiya Janata Party720
Bamori28Mahendra Singh SisodiaIndian National Congress27,920Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Guna29Gopilal JatavBharatiya Janata Party33,667
Chachoura30Lakshman SinghIndian National Congress9,797
Raghogarh31Jaivardhan SinghIndian National Congress46,697
Ashok Nagar32Jajpal Singh JajjiIndian National Congress9,730Resigned in Political turmoil in 2020
Chanderi33Gopal Singh ChauhanIndian National Congress4,175
Mungaoli34Brajendra Singh YadavIndian National Congress2,136Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Bina35Mahesh RaiBharatiya Janata Party632
Khurai36Bhupendra BhaiyaBharatiya Janata Party15,295
Surkhi37Govind Singh RajputIndian National Congress21,418Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Deori38Harsh YadavIndian National Congress4,304Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Rehli39Gopal BhargavaBharatiya Janata Party26,888
Naryoli40Pradeep LariyaBharatiya Janata Party8,900
Sagar41Shailendra JainBharatiya Janata Party17,366
Banda42Tarbar SinghIndian National Congress24,164
Tikamgarh43Rakesh GiriBharatiya Janata Party4,175
Jatara44Harishankar KhatikBharatiya Janata Party36,715
Prithvipur45Brajendra Singh RathoreIndian National Congress7,620
Niwari46Anil JainBharatiya Janata Party8,837
Khargapur47Rahul Singh LodhiBharatiya Janata Party11,665
Maharajpur48Neeraj Vinod DixitIndian National Congress14,005
Chandla49Rajesh Kumar PrajapatiBharatiya Janata Party1,177
Rajnagar50Vikram SinghIndian National Congress732
Chhatarpur51Alok ChaturvediIndian National Congress3,495
Bijawar52Rajesh KumarSamajwadi Party36,714
Malhara53Kunwar Pradyumna Singh LodhiIndian National Congress15,779
Pathariya54Rambai Govind SinghBahujan Samaj Party2,205
Damoh55Rahul SinghIndian National Congress798
Jabera56Dharmendra Bhav Singh LodhiBharatiya Janata Party3,485
Hatta57Ramkali TantuwayBharatiya Janata Party19,905
Pawai58Prahlad LodhiBharatiya Janata Party23,680
Gunnaor59Prahlad LodhiIndian National Congress1,984
Panna60Brijendra Pratap SinghBharatiya Janata Party20,708
Chitrakoot61Neelanshu ChaturvediIndian National Congress10,198
Raigaon62Jugul Kishor BagrBharatiya Janata Party17,421
Satna64Dabbu Siddharth Sukhlal KushwahaIndian National Congress12,558
Nagod65Nagendra SinghBharatiya Janata Party1,234
Maihar66Narayan TripathiBharatiya Janata Party2,984
Amarpatan67Ramkhelawan PatelBharatiya Janata Party3,747
Rampur-Baghelan68Vikram SinghBharatiya Janata Party15,687
Sirmour69Divyaraj SinghBharatiya Janata Party13,401
Semariya70K.P. TripathiBharatiya Janata Party7,776
Teonthar71Shyam Lal DwivediBharatiya Janata Party5,343
Mauganj72Pradeep PatelBharatiya Janata Party11,092
Deotalab73Girish GautamBharatiya Janata Party1,080
Rewa74Rajendra ShuklaBharatiya Janata Party18,089
Gurh75Nagendra SinghBharatiya Janata Party7,828
Churhat76Sharadendu TiwariBharatiya Janata Party6,402
Sidhi77Kedar Nath ShuklaBharatiya Janata Party19,986
Sihawal78Kamleshwar PatelIndian National Congress31,506
Chitrangi79Amar SinghBharatiya Janata Party59,248
Singrauli80Ramlallu VaishyaBharatiya Janata Party3,726
Devsar81Subhash Ram CharitraBharatiya Janata Party10,678
Dhauhani82Kunwar Singh TekamBharatiya Janata Party3,793
Beohari83Sharad KolBharatiya Janata Party32,450
Jaisingnagar84Jaisingh MaraviBharatiya Janata Party17,267
Jaitpur85Manisha SinghBharatiya Janata Party4,216
Kotma86Suneel SarafIndian National Congress11,429
Anuppur87Bisahulal SinghIndian National Congress11,561Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Pushprajgarh88Phundelal Singh MarkoIndian National Congress21,401
Bandhavgarh89Shivnarayan SinghBharatiya Janata Party3,903
Manpur90Shivnarayan SinghBharatiya Janata Party18,655
Barwara91Vijayraghvendra SinghIndian National Congress21,360
Vijayraghavgarh92Sanjay Satyendra PathakBharatiya Janata Party13,738
Murwara93Sandip Shree Prasad JaiswalBharatiya Janata Party16,080
Bahoriband94Pranay Prabhat PandeyBharatiya Janata Party16,435
Patan95Ajay VishnoiBharatiya Janata Party26,712
Bargi96Sanjay YadavIndian National Congress17,563
Jabalpur Purba97Lakhan GhanghoriyaIndian National Congress35,136
Jabalpur Uttar98Vinay SaxenaIndian National Congress578
Jabalpur Cantonment99Ashok RohaniBharatiya Janata Party26,585
Jabalpur Paschim100Tarun BhanotIndian National Congress18,683
Panagar101Sushil Kumar TiwariBharatiya Janata Party41,733
Sihora102Nandni MaraviBharatiya Janata Party6,823
Shahpura103Bhoopendra MaraviIndian National Congress33,960
Dindori104Omkar Singh MarkamIndian National Congress32,050
Bichhiya105Narayan Singh PattaIndian National Congress21,388
Niwas106Dr. Ashok MarskoleIndian National Congress28,315
Mandla107Deosingh SaiyamBharatiya Janata Party12,205
Baihar108Sanjay UikeyIndian National Congress16,480
Lanji109Hina KawareIndian National Congress18,696
Paraswada110Ram Kishor Nano KawreBharatiya Janata Party9,608
Balaghat111Gaurishankar BisenBharatiya Janata Party27,654
Waraseoni112Pradeep JaiswalIndependent3,862
Katangi113Tamlal SahareIndian National Congress11,750
Barghat114Arjun Singh KakodiyaIndian National Congress7,527
Seoni115Dinesh Rai MunmunBharatiya Janata Party22,008
Keolari116Rakesh Pal SinghBharatiya Janata Party6,679
Lakhnadon117Yogendra SinghIndian National Congress12,276
Gotegaon118N. P. PrajapatiIndian National Congress12,583
Narsingpur119Jalam Singh PatelBharatiya Janata Party14,903
Tendukheda120Sanjay SharmaIndian National Congress8,643
Gadarwara121Suneeta PatelIndian National Congress15,363
Junnardeo122Sunil UikeyIndian National Congress15,363
Amarwara123Kamlesh Pratap ShahIndian National Congress10,393
Chourai124Choudhary Sujeet Mer SinghIndian National Congress13,004
Saunsar125Vijay Revnath ChoreIndian National Congress20,472
Chhindwara126Deepak SaxenaIndian National Congress14,547Sexena resigned for Kamal Nath
Parasia127Sohanlal BalmikIndian National Congress12,734
Pandhurna128Nilesh Pusaram UikeyIndian National Congress21,349
Multai129Sukhdev PanseIndian National Congress17,250
Amla130Dr. Yogesh PandagreBharatiya Janata Party19,197
Betul131Nilay Vinod DagaIndian National Congress21,645
Ghoradongri132Bramha BhalaviIndian National Congress17,927
Bhainsdehi133Dharmu Singh SirsamIndian National Congress30,880
Timarni134Sanjay ShahBharatiya Janata Party2,213
Harda135Kamal PatelBharatiya Janata Party6,667
Seoni-Malwa136Premshanker Kunjilal VermaBharatiya Janata Party11,604
Hoshangabad137Dr. Sitasaran SharmaBharatiya Janata Party15,217
Sohagpur138Vijaypal SinghBharatiya Janata Party11,417
Pipariya139Thakurdas NagwanshiBharatiya Janata Party18,130
Udaipura140Devendra Singh PatelIndian National Congress8,001
Bhojpur141Surendra PatwaBharatiya Janata Party29,486
Sanchi142Dr. Prabhuram ChoudharyIndian National Congress10,813Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Silwani143Rampal SinghBharatiya Janata Party7,072
Vidisha144Shashank BhargavBharatiya Janata Party15,454
Basoda145Leena JainBharatiya Janata Party10,226
Kurwai146Hari Singh SapreBharatiya Janata Party16,695
Sironj147Umakant SharmaBharatiya Janata Party34,734
Shamshabad148Rajshri SinghBharatiya Janata Party7,340
Berasia149Vishnu KhatriBharatiya Janata Party13,779
Bhopal Uttar150Arif AqueelIndian National Congress34,857
Narela151Vishvas SarangBharatiya Janata Party23,151
Bhopal Dakshin-Paschim152P. C. SharmaIndian National Congress6,587
Bhopal Madhya153Arif MasoodIndian National Congress14,757
Govindpura154Krishna GaurBharatiya Janata Party46,359
Huzur155Rameshwar SharmaBharatiya Janata Party15,725
Budhni156Shivraj Singh ChouhanBharatiya Janata Party58,999
Ashta157Raghunath Singh MalviyaBharatiya Janata Party6,044
Ichhawar158Karan Singh VermaBharatiya Janata Party15,869
Sehore159Sudesh RaiBharatiya Janata Party20,644
Narsinghgarh160Rajyavardhan SinghBharatiya Janata Party9,534
Biaora161Govardhan DangiIndian National Congress826
Rajgarh162Bapusingh TanwarIndian National Congress31,183
Khilchipur163Priyavrat SinghIndian National Congress29,756
Sarangpur164Kunwarji KotharBharatiya Janata Party4,381
Susner165Vikaram Singh RanaIndependent27,062
Agar166Manohar UntwalBharatiya Janata Party2,490Died in January 2020
Shajapur167Hukum Singh KaradaIndian National Congress44,979
Shujalpur168Inder Singh ParmarBharatiya Janata Party5,623
Kalapipal169Kunal ChoudharyIndian National Congress13,699
Sonkatch170Sajjan Singh VermaIndian National Congress9,818
Dewas171Gayatri Raje PuarBharatiya Janata Party27,987
Hatpipliya172Manoj ChoudharyIndian National Congress13,519Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Khategaon173Aashish Govind SharmaBharatiya Janata Party7,772
Bagli174Pahad Singh KannojeBharatiya Janata Party11,843
Mandhata175Narayan PatelIndian National Congress1,236
Harsud176Kunwar Vijay ShahBharatiya Janata Party18,949
Khandwa177Devendra VermaBharatiya Janata Party19,137
Pandhana178Ram DangoreBharatiya Janata Party23,750
Nepanagar179Sumitra Devi KasdekarIndian National Congress1,264
Burhanpur180Thakur Surendra Singh Naval SinghIndependent5,120
Bhikangaon181Dr. Dhyansingh SolankiIndian National Congress27,257
Barwah182Sachin BirlaIndian National Congress30,508
Maheshwar183Dr. Vijayalaxmi SadhoIndian National Congress35,836
Kasrawad184Sachin YadavIndian National Congress5,539
Khargone185Ravi JoshiIndian National Congress9,512
Bhagwanpura186Kedar DawarIndependent9,716
Sendhawa187Gyarsilal RawatIndian National Congress15,878
Rajpur188Bala BachchanIndian National Congress932
Pansemal189Sushri KiradeIndian National Congress25,222
Barwani190Premsingh PatelBharatiya Janata Party39,787
Alirajpur191Mukesh RawatIndian National Congress21,962
Jobat192Kalawati BhuriyaIndian National Congress2,056
Jhabua193Guman Singh DamorBharatiya Janata Party10,437Damor elected to Lok Sabha in 2019
Thandla194Veer Singh BhuriyaIndian National Congress31,151
Petlawad195Val Singh MaidaIndian National Congress5,000
Sardarpur196Pratap GrewalIndian National Congress36,205
Gandhwani197Umang SingharIndian National Congress38,831
Kukshi198Surendra Singh BaghelIndian National Congress62,930
Manawar199Dr. Hiralal AlawaIndian National Congress39,501
Dharampuri200Panchilal MedaIndian National Congress13,972
Dhar201Neena Vikram VermaBharatiya Janata Party5,718
Badnawar202Rajvardhan Singh DattigaonIndian National Congress41,506Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Depalpur203Vishal Jagdish PatelIndian National Congress9,044
Indore-1204Sanjay ShuklaIndian National Congress8,163
Indore-2205Ramesh MendolaBharatiya Janata Party71,011
Indore-3206Akash VijayvargiyaBharatiya Janata Party5,751
Indore-4207Malini GaurBharatiya Janata Party43,090
Indore-5208Mahendra HardiaBharatiya Janata Party1,133
Dr. Ambedkar Nagar-Mhow209Usha ThakurBharatiya Janata Party7,157
Rau210Jitu PatwariIndian National Congress5,703
Sanwer211Tulsi SilawatIndian National Congress2,945Resigned during Political turmoil in 2020
Nagda-Khachrod212Dilip GurjarIndian National Congress5,117
Mahidpur213Bahadursingh ChouhanBharatiya Janata Party15,220
Tarana214Mahesh ParmarIndian National Congress2,209
Ghatiya215Ramlal MalviyaIndian National Congress4,628
Ujjain Uttar216Paras Chandra JainBharatiya Janata Party25,724
Ujjain Dakshin217Dr. Mohan YadavBharatiya Janata Party18,960
Badnagar218Murli MorwalIndian National Congress5,381
Ratlam Rural219Dilip Kumar MakwanaBharatiya Janata Party5,605
Ratlam City220Chetanya KasyapBharatiya Janata Party43,435
Sailana221Harsh GehlotIndian National Congress28,498
Jaora222Rajendra PandeyIndian National Congress511
Alot223Manoj ChawlaIndian National Congress5,448
Mandsour224Yashpal Singh SisodiaBharatiya Janata Party18,370
Malhargarh225Jagdish DewdaBharatiya Janata Party11,872
Suwasra226Hardeep Singh DangIndian National Congress350
Garoth227Devilal DhakadBharatiya Janata Party2,108
Manasa228Anirudha MarooBharatiya Janata Party25,954
Neemuch229Dilip Singh PariharBharatiya Janata Party14,857
Jawad230Om Prakash SakhlechaBharatiya Janata Party4,271

By-Elections
S.No Date Constituency MLA before election Party before election Elected MLA Party after election
1 29 April 2019 Chhindwara Deepak Saxena Indian National Congress Kamal Nath Indian National Congress
2 21 October 2019 Jhabua Guman Singh Damor Bharatiya Janata Party Kantilal Bhuria
3 TBD Morena Raghuraj Singh Kansana Indian National Congress TBD
4 Dimani Girraj Dandotiya Indian National Congress TBD
5 Ambah Kamlesh Jatav Indian National Congress TBD
6 Mehgaon O.P.S. Bhadoria Indian National Congress TBD
7 Gohad Ranvir Jatav Indian National Congress TBD
8 Gwalior Pradyumn Singh Tomar Indian National Congress TBD
9 Gwalior East Munnalal Goyal Indian National Congress TBD
10 Dabra Imarti Devi Indian National Congress TBD
11 Bhander Santram Saroniya Indian National Congress TBD
12 Karera Jasmant Jatave Indian National Congress TBD
13 Pohari Suresh Dhakad Indian National Congress TBD
14 Bamori Mahendra Singh Sisodia Indian National Congress TBD
15 Ashok Nagar Jajpal Singh Indian National Congress TBD
16 Mungaoli Brajendra Singh Yadav Indian National Congress TBD
17 Surkhi Govind Singh Rajput Indian National Congress TBD
18 Anuppur Bisahulal Singh Indian National Congress TBD
19 Sanchi Prabhuram Choudhary Indian National Congress TBD
20 Agar Manohar Untwal Bharatiya Janata Party TBD
21 Hatpipliya Manoj Choudhary Indian National Congress TBD
22 Badnawar Rajvardhan Singh Indian National Congress TBD
23 Sanwer Tulsiram Silawat Indian National Congress TBD
24 Suwasra Hardeep Singh Dang Indian National Congress TBD
25 Joura Banwari Lal Sharma Indian National Congress TBD
26 Sumaoli Adal Singh Kansana Indian National Congress TBD

Government Formation

Counting of votes started on 11 December 2018, results were fluctuating throughout the day. On 12 December 2018 final figure of Result declared. INC became the single largest party with 114 seats. BJP won 109 seats. INC claimed support of Samajwadi Party's 1 MLA, Bahujan Samaj Party's 2 MLA and 4 Independent MLA . Due to no majority Shivraj Singh Chouhan, Chief Minister Of Madhya Pradesh resigned on 12 December 2018. Kamal Nath took oath on 17 December 2018 as new Chief Minister Of Madhya Pradesh and with this, INC came back to the power in State after 15 years. However, after the resignation of 22 sitting MLAs from the INC, Kamal Nath was forced to resign on 20 March 2020 and subsequently Shivraj Singh Chouhan of the BJP returned as the CM again on 23 March 2020.

See also

References
  1. "Madhya Pradesh: Women voted more than men in 44 constituencies". Ramendra Singh. The Times of India. 13 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  2. "MP cliffhanger ends; Congress single-largest party with 114 , BJP gets 109". The Times of India. 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  3. "MP Election 2018". Rajasthan Patrika. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  4. "Terms of the Houses". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
  5. https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/the-curse-of-4-337-on-shivraj-1408078-2018-12-12
  6. News 18: Madhya Pradesh Election Results
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