2000 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).
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Events
- Griffin Poetry Prize is established, with one award given each year for the best work by a Canadian poet and one award given for best work in the English language internationally.
- February — Janice Mirikitani succeeds Lawrence Ferlinghetti as San Francisco's Poet Laureate
- April 17 - New Jersey Governor Christine Todd Whitman appoints poet Gerald Stern to be the first Poet Laureate of New Jersey
- October 3 — Edward Lear's "The Owl and the Pussycat" named Britain's favorite children's poem in a BBC poll
- October 3 — Justin Trudeau quotes from Robert Frost's "Stopping by Woods" at the funeral of his father, former Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau
- October 4 — National Poetry Day in Great Britain: 300 school children at the Royal Festival Hall along with 4,000 other people nationwide perform Agbabi's "Word," setting a new Guinness World Record for simultaneous mass performance of a poem
- Spike Milligan made an honorary knight
- In the film Pandaemonium, released this year, the lives of William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, in particular their collaboration on the "Lyrical Ballads," are discussed.
Works published in English
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
Australia
- Les Murray:
- Learning Human: Selected Poems, Farrar Straus Giroux, also published as Learning Human, New Selected Poems, Carcanet, 2001shortlisted for the 2001 International Griffin Poetry Prize[1]
- An Absolutely Ordinary Rainbow
- Chris Wallace-Crabbe, The Poems, Brunswick: Gungurru
- Les Wicks, The Ways of Waves, Sidewalk
Canada
- Roo Borson, Introduction to the Introduction to Wang Wei, ISBN 1-894078-09-8 (by Pain Not Bread) American-Canadian
- Clint Burnham, Buddyland (Coach House Books) ISBN 978-1-55245-022-2
- Margaret Christakos:
- Wipe Under A Love (Toronto: The Mansfield Press)
- Charisma (Toronto: Pedlar Press)
- George Elliott Clarke, Whylah Falls, Vancouver: Polestar, revised edition of book which originally appeared in 1990, ISBN 1-896095-50-X (revised edition number) Canada
- Louis Dudek, The Surface of Time. Montreal: Empyreal.[2]
- Claire Harris, She, Trinidadian-born, Canadian[3]
- Don McKay, Another Gravity (Canada)[4]
- John Pass, Water Stair (ISBN 0-88982-179-8) Canada
- Anne Simpson, Light Falls Through You, winner of the Gerald Lampert Award and the Atlantic Poetry Prize) ISBN 0-7710-8077-8, Canada
- Raymond Souster, Of Time & Toronto. Ottawa: Oberon Press.[5]
Anthologies in Canada
- Ayanna Black, editor, Fiery Spirits & Voices: Canadian Writers of African Descent, Toronto: HarperPerennialCanada
- Wanda Campbell, editor, Susan Atkinson and Tanya Butler, assistant editors, Hidden Rooms: Early Canadian Women Poets, London, Ontario: Canadian Poetry Press
- Sophia Kaszuba, Sian Meikle, and Ian Lancashire, editors, Canadian Poets University of Toronto English Library, including these poets:
Milton Acorn, Margaret Atwood, Margaret Avison, Earle Birney, bill bissett, Marianne Bluger, Stephanie Bolster, Roo Borson, George Bowering, Dionne Brand, Ron Charach, Lesley Choyce, Peter Christensen, Afua Cooper, Don Coles, John Robert Colombo, Lynn Crosbie, Lorna Crozier, Michael Crummey, Jeffery Donaldson, Jennifer Footman, Sky Gilbert, Susan Glickman, Maureen Harris, Elisabeth Harvor, Jan Horner, Susan Ioannou, Ellen Jaffe, Adeena Karasick, Penn Kemp, A. M. Klein, Irving Layton, Noah Leznoff, Dennis Lee, Pat Lowther, Laura Lush, Gwendolyn MacEwen, Kim Maltman, Dave Margoshes, David W. McFadden, Susan McMaster, Bruce Meyer, Anne Michaels, Kim Morrissey, Erin Mouré, Susan Musgrave, John Newlove, P. K. Page, E. J. Pratt, Robert Priest, Janis Rapoport, Wayne Scott Ray, Michael Redhill, John Reibetanz, D. C. Reid, Harold Rhenisch, Stan Rogal, Linda Rogers, Joe Rosenblatt, Jay Ruzesky, Richard Sanger, F. R. Scott, Peter Dale Scott, Kathy Shaidle, Kenneth Sherman, Carolyn Smart, Sandy Shreve, John Steffler, Nathalie Stephens, Rosemary Sullivan, Robert Sward, Rhea Tregebov, Jane Urquhart, R. M. Vaughan, Fred Wah, Tom Wayman, Natalie Wilson, Eddy Yanofsky
India, in English
- Sujata Bhatt, Augatora ( Poetry in English ), Carcanet Press[6]
- Keki Daruwalla, Night River ( Poetry in English ), New Delhi: Rupa & Co.[7]
- Ranjit Hoskote, The Cartographer's Apprentice ( Poetry in English ), (with drawings by Laxman Shreshtha), Mumbai: The Pundole Art Gallery[8]
- Tabish Khair, Where Parallel Lines Meet ( Poetry in English ), New Delhi: Penguin-Viking, ISBN 978-0-670-89432-1; New York City: Allen Lane, ISBN 0-670-89432-X
- Sudeep Sen:
- K. Satchidanandan, Imperfect and Other New Poems, Kozhikode, Kerala: Olive Publications[11]
- Dilip Chitre, No Moon Monday on the River Karha, Pune: Vijaya Chitre[12]
New Zealand
- Fleur Adcock (New Zealand poet who moved to England in 1963), Poems 1960–2000, Newcastle upon Tyne: Bloodaxe Books[13]
- Nick Ascroft, From the Author Of
- Jenny Bornholdt, These Days
- Glenn Colquhoun, An Explanation of Poetry to My Father
- Paula Green, Chrome
- Murray Edmond, Laminations
- Andrew Johnston, Birds of Europe
- Cilla McQueen, Markings, poetry and drawings, Otago University Press[14]
- Stephanie de Montalk, Animals Indoors, Victoria University Press
Anthologies in New Zealand
- Jenny Bornholdt and Gregory O'Brien, editors, My Heart Goes Swimming: New Zealand Love Poems, Random House New Zealand ISBN 0-908877-81-1, ISBN 978-0-908877-81-2
- Alan Brunton, Murray Edmond, Michele Leggott, editors, Big Smoke: New Zealand Poems 1960–1975, Auckland: Auckland University Press
- Lauris Edmond, editor, New Zealand Love Poems: An Oxford Anthology, posthumous[15]
United Kingdom
- Fleur Adcock (New Zealand poet who moved to England in 1963), Poems 1960–2000, Newcastle upon Tyne: Bloodaxe Books[13]
- Gerry Cambridge, The Praise of Swans (pamphlet, 28 pp), Shoestring Press, ISBN 1-899549-49-8[16]
- Robert Crawford and Mick Imlah, editors, The New Penguin Book of Scottish Verse, London: Allen Lane, Penguin Press ISBN 978-0-14-058711-1(anthology)
- Carol Ann Duffy, The Oldest Girl in the World, Faber and Faber (children's poetry)[17]
- U. A. Fanthorpe, Consequences[18]
- James Fenton: The Strength of Poetry: Oxford Lectures[19]
- James Fenton (Ulster Scots poet), Thonner an Thon: an Ulster-Scots collection, Ulster Scots dialect poet living and published in Northern Ireland
- Elaine Feinstein, Gold, Carcanet
- Thom Gunn:
- Boss Cupid[18]
- Collected Poems
- Glyn Maxwell, The Boys at Twilight: Poems, 1990–1995, Houghton Mifflin (a The New York Times "notable book of the year"), Briton and poetry editor of The New Republic living in the United States
- Craig Raine, A la Recherche du Temps Perdu[18]
- Peter Reading, Marfan[18]
- Maurice Riordan, Irish poet living and published in the United Kingdom:
- Floods, Faber and Faber
- Editor, with Jon Turney (a science journalist), A Quark for Mister Mark: 101 Poems about Science, anthology, Faber and Faber
- Jo Shapcott, Her Book[18]
- Sulpicia, The Poems of Sulpicia, ancient Roman poet translated by John Heath-Stubbs
United States
- John Ashbery:
- Your Name Here
- As Umbrellas Follow Rain
- Bei Dao, Unlock, English translation by Eliot Weinberger & Iona Man-Cheong (New Directions) ISBN 0-8112-1447-8
- Edward Brathwaite, Words Need Love Too, Barbadan poet living in the United States[3]
- Joseph Brodsky: Collected Poems in English, 1972–1999, edited by Ann Kjellberg, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux[20] Russian-American; Farrar, Straus & Giroux (a New York Times "notable book of the year")
- Gwendolyn Brooks, In Montgomery
- Anne Carson, Men in the Off Hours, Knopf (a New York Times "notable book of the year")
- Paul Celan, Glottal Stop: 101 Poems by Paul Celan (Translated by Heather McHugh and Nikolai Popov)
- Anita Endreszze, Throwing Fire at the Sun, Water at the Moon,[21] combination of fiction, nonfiction and poetry, Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona Press
- Michael S. Harper, Songlines in Michaeltree: New and Collected Poems[22]
- Fanny Howe, Fanny Howe: Selected Poems
- Kenneth Koch, New Addresses: Poems, Knopf (a New York Times "notable book of the year")
- Stanley Kunitz, The Collected Poems, Norton (a New York Times "notable book of the year")
- Stanley Lombardo (translator), Odyssey by Homer, Hackett (a New York Times "notable book of the year")
- Glyn Maxwell, The Boys at Twilight: Poems, 1990–1995, Houghton Mifflin (a New York Times "notable book of the year"), Briton and poetry editor of The New Republic living in the United States
- Constance Merritt, A Protocol for Touch: Vassar Miller Prize in Poetry, selected by Eleanor Wilner
- W. S. Merwin, translation, Purgatorio from The Divine Comedy of Dante; New York: Knopf;[23] (a New York Times "notable book of the year")
- Grazyna Miller, Sull'onda del respiro (On the Wave of Breath)
- Michael O'Brien, Sills: Selected Poems, Zoland
- Mary Oliver, The Leaf and the Cloud (prose poem)
- Grace Paley, Begin Again: Collected Poems
- Michael Palmer, The Promises of Glass
- Carl Phillips, Pastoral[24]
- Robert Pinsky, Jersey Rain (Farrar, Straus & Giroux) (a New York Times "notable book of the year")
- Michael Ryan, A Difficult Grace: On Poets, Poetry, and Writing (essays)
- Gjertrud Schnackenberg:
- The Throne of Labdacus, Farrar, Straus & Giroux (a New York Times "notable book of the year")
- Supernatural Love: Poems 1976–1992, ISBN 0-374-52754-7
- Derek Walcott, The Prodigal (West Indian)
- Louis Zukofsky, Wesleyan University Press begins publishing The Wesleyan Centennial Edition of the Complete Critical Writings of Louis Zukofsky (posthumous)
Criticism, scholarship and biography in the United States
- John Ashbery, Other Traditions (Harvard University Press), thoughts on six poets (John Clare, Thomas Lovell Beddoes, Raymond Roussel, John Wheelwright, Laura Riding, and David Schubert); from his Charles Eliot Norton Lectures (criticism) ISBN 978-0-674-00315-6 ISBN 0-674-00315-2
- Alison Lurie, Familiar Spirits: A Memoir of James Merrill and David Jackson
- Helen Vendler, Seamus Heaney, ISBN 0-674-00205-9
Anthologies in the United States
- Stephen Berg, David Bonanno, and Arthur Vogelsang, editors, The Body Electric, anthology of poetry published in The American Poetry Review, 1972–1999.(W.W. Norton & Company), 820 pages
- American Poetry: The Twentieth Century, two volumes, The Library of America (Henry Adams to May Swenson)
- Cary Nelson, editor, Anthology of Modern American Poetry, Oxford University Press (also published in the United Kingdom)
- Jeffrey Paine, Kwame Anthony Appiah, Sven Birkerts, Joseph Brodsky, Carolyn Forché, and Helen Vendler, editors, The Poetry of Our World: an International Anthology of Contemporary Poetry, New York: HarperCollins
Poets appearing in The Best American Poetry 2000
These 75 poets had poems published in The Best American Poetry 2000, edited by David Lehman, with Rita Dove as guest editor:
Other in English
- Edward Brathwaite, Words Need Love Too, Barbadan poet living in the United States[3]
- Moya Cannon, Oar, Oldcastle: The Gallery Press, ISBN 978-1-85235-263-9 Ireland
- Claire Harris, She, Trinidadian-born, Canadian[3]
Works published in other languages
Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
China
Denmark
- Klaus Høeck, fra Hjem, publisher: Gyldendal; Denmark[27]
- Henrik Nordbrandt:
French language
Canada, in French
- Denise Desautels, Tombeau de Lou, Montréal: Le Noroît[30]
- Pierre Labrie, À tout hasard
- Madeleine Ouellette-Michalska, L'Amérique un peu/Au bord du rouge absolu, with James Sacré; Montréal: Trait d'union[31]
- Jean Royer, Le visage des mots, Trois-Rivières: Écrits des Forges//Marchainville: Proverbe[32]
France
- Andre du Bouchet, L'emportement du muet
- Seyhmus Dagtekin, Les chemins du nocturne, publisher: Le Castor Astral
- Abdellatif Laabi, Poèmes périssables, La Différence, coll. Clepsydre, Paris (épuisé), Moroccan author writing in French and published in France
- Jean-Claude Pinson, Fado (avec fantomes et flacons)
- Jacqueline Risset, Les instants
India
In each section, listed in alphabetical order by first name:
Bengali
- Joy Goswami:
- Debarati Mitra:
- Nirendranath Chakravarti; Bengali-language:
Hindi
- Anamika, Kavita Mein Aurat, Delhi: Itihas Bodh[36]
- Teji Grover, Ant Ki Kucch Aur Kavitayen, New Delhi: Vani Prakashan[37]
- Udayan Vajpeyi, Vie Invisible, translated and published in France; Lignon: Cheyne Editeur;[38]
Other in India
- Amarjit Chandan; Punjabi-language:
- Chandrakant (Chandu) Shah, also known as Chandu Shah, Blue Jeans, Mumbai: Image Publications; Gujarati-language[40]
- Jiban Narah, Ta-Ri-Ri, Guwahati, Assam: Bak; Indian, Assamese-language[41]
- K. Satchidanandan, Sambhashanathinu Oru Sramam, ("An Attempt to Converse"); Malayalam-language[11]
- K. Siva Reddy, Kavisamayam, Vijayawada: Sahiti Mitrulu; Telugu-language[42]
- Kutti Revathi, Poonaiyai pola alaiyum velicham, ("Light Prowls Like a Cat"), Chennai: Thamizhini[43]
- S. Joseph, Karutha Kallu, winner of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award; Kottayam: DC Books, ISBN 81-264-0205-9[44]
- Prathibha Nandakumar, Aha! Purushakaram! ("Aha! The Human Form!"), Srirangapattana, Mandya district, Karnataka: Nelamane Prakashana[45]
- Salma, Oru Maalaiyum Innoru Maalaiyum, Nagercoil: Kalachuvadu Pathippagam[46]
- Varavara Rao (better known as "VV"), Unnadedo Unnattu ("As It Is"); Telugu-language[47]
Bangladesh
Poland
- Leszek Engelking, I inne wiersze (And Other Poems) Poland
- Czesław Miłosz, To ("It"); Kraków: Znak[48]
- Eugeniusz Tkaczyszyn-Dycki, Przewodnik dla bezdomnych niezależnie od miejsca zamieszkania[49]
- Jan Twardowski, Elementarz księdza Twardowskiego dla najmłodszego, średniaka i starszego, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie[50]
Serbia
Dejan Stojanović in 2003, Chicago
- Dejan Stojanović:
- Znak i njegova deca (The Sign and Its Children),[51] Prosveta, Beograd
- Oblik (The Shape),[52] Gramatik, Podgorica, Montenegro
- Tvoritelj (The Creator),[53] Narodna knjiga, Alfa, Beograd
- Krugovanje (Circling),[54] Third Edition (poems added to the third edition), Narodna knjiga, Alfa, Beograd
Other
- Christoph Buchwald, general editor, and Ludwig Harig, guest editor, Jahrbuch der Lyrik 2001 ("Poetry Yearbook 2001"), publisher: Beck; anthology[55]
- Matilde Camus, Prisma de emociones ("Prism of emotions"), Spain
- Faruk Šehić, Pjesme u Nastajanju ("Acquired Poems"), Bosnia
- Maria Luisa Spaziani, La freccia, Italy
- Yang Ke, editor, 2000 Yearbook of New Chinese Poetry Zhongguo xinshi nianjian, China (anthology)[25]
Awards and honors
Australia
- C. J. Dennis Prize for Poetry: John Millett, Iceman
- Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry: Jennifer Maiden, Mines
- Mary Gilmore Prize: Lucy Dougan, Memory Shell
Canada
- Gerald Lampert Award: Shawna Lemay, All the God-Sized Fruit
- Archibald Lampman Award: Stephanie Bolster, Two Bowls of Milk
- Atlantic Poetry Prize: Ken Babstock, Mean
- 2000 Governor General's Awards: Don McKay, Another Gravity (English); Normand de Bellefeuille, La Marche de l'aveugle sans son chien (French)
- Pat Lowther Award: Esta Spalding, Lost August
- Prix Alain-Grandbois: Normand de Bellefeuille, La Marche de l'aveugle sans son chien
- Dorothy Livesay Poetry Prize: Lorna Crozier, What the Living Won't Let Go
- Prix Émile-Nelligan: Tania Langlais, Douze bêtes aux chemises de l'homme
New Zealand
- Prime Minister's Awards for Literary Achievement:
- Montana New Zealand Book Awards (no poetry winner this year):
- First-book award for poetry: Glenn Colquhoun, The Art of Walking Upright, Steele Roberts
- A.W. Reed Lifetime Achievement Award: Allen Curnow
United Kingdom
- Cholmondeley Award: Alistair Elliot, Michael Hamburger, Adrian Henri, Carole Satyamurti
- Eric Gregory Award: Eleanor Margolies, Antony Rowland, Antony Dunn, Karen Goodwin, Clare Pollard
- Forward Poetry Prize Best Collection: Michael Donaghy, Conjure (Picador)
- Forward Poetry Prize Best First Collection: Andrew Waterhouse, In (The Rialto)
- Samuel Johnson Prize: David Cairns, Berlioz: Volume 2
- Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry: Edwin Morgan
- T. S. Eliot Prize (United Kingdom and Ireland): Michael Longley, The Weather in Japan
- Whitbread Award for poetry: John Burnside, The Asylum Dance
United States
- Agnes Lynch Starrett Poetry Prize awarded to Quan Barry for Asylum
- Aiken Taylor Award for Modern American Poetry, Eleanor Ross Taylor
- Bernard F. Connors Prize for Poetry, Corey Marks, "Renunciation", and (separately) Christopher Patton, "Broken Ground"
- Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry, David Ferry for Of No Country I Know: New and Selected Poems and Translations
- Brittingham Prize in Poetry, Rudy Delgado Jr., A Path Between Houses
- Frost Medal: Anthony Hecht
- National Book Award for poetry: Lucille Clifton, Blessing the Boats: New and Selected Poems 1988–2000
- Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress: Stanley Kunitz appointed
- Poet Laureate of Virginia: Grace Simpson, two year appointment 2000 to 2002[56]
- Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: C.K. Williams, Repair
- Robert Fitzgerald Prosody Award: T. V. F. Brogan
- Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize: Carl Dennis
- Wallace Stevens Award: Frank Bidart
- Whiting Awards: Albert Mobilio, James Thomas Stevens, Claude Wilkinson
- William Carlos Williams Award: Kathleen Peirce, The Oval Hour (Iowa Poetry Prize), Judge: Jean Valentine
- Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets: Lyn Hejinian
Deaths
Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
- January 2 – Roland Flint, United States, 66, of cancer
- January 22 – Anne Hébert, Canada, French language, 83
- April 21 – Al Purdy, Canada, 81, of lung cancer
- April 21 – Douglas Oliver, United Kingdom
- May 14 – Karl Shapiro, United States, 86
- September 25 – R.S. Thomas, 87, Anglo-Welsh poet and clergyman
- June 9 – Ernst Jandl (born 1925), Austrian poet, author and translator
- June 26 – Judith Wright, United States, 85, of a heart attack
- July 13 – Alex Derwent Hope, 92, poet
- September 22 – Yehuda Amichai (born 1924), Israeli poet
- November 29 – William Scammell
- December 3 – Gwendolyn Brooks, 83, of cancer
- December 20 – Adrian Henry
- Date not known:
- Edgar Bowers, 75, of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
- John Bruce (poet), Canada
- Lauris Edmond (born 1924), New Zealand
- Libby Scheier, Canada
References
- Archived 2007-10-13 at the Wayback Machine Les Murray Web page at The Poetry Archive Web site, accessed October 15, 2007
- "Louis Dudek: Publications," Canadian Poetry Online, UToronto.ca, Web, May 6, 2011.
- "Selected Timeline of Anglophone Caribbean Poetry" in Williams, Emily Allen, Anglophone Caribbean Poetry, 1970–2001: An Annotated Bibliography, page xvii and following pages, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002, ISBN 978-0-313-31747-7, retrieved via Google Books, February 7, 2009
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-03-16. Retrieved 2008-04-27.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Web page titled "Griffin Poetry Prize 2007" at the Griffen Poetry Prize Web site, accessed October 6, 2007
- "Notes on Life and Works Archived August 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine," Selected Poetry of Raymond Souster, Representative Poetry Online, UToronto.ca, Web, May 7, 2011.
- Web page titled "Sujata Bhatt" Archived 2005-02-24 at the Wayback Machine, Sawnet website, retrieved July 27, 2010
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- Web page title "Joy Goswami" Archived 2011-09-19 at the Wayback Machine, at the Poetry International website, retrieved July 10, 2010
- Web page title "Debarati Mitra", at the Poetry International website, retrieved July 8, 2010
- Web page title "Nirendranath Chakravarti" Archived February 14, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, at the Poetry International website, retrieved July 15, 2010
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- Web page titled "K. Siva Reddy" Archived September 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine at the "Poetry International" website, retrieved July 11, 2010
- Web page titled "Kutti Revathi" at the "Poetry International" website, retrieved July 12, 2010
- Web page titled "S. Joseph" Archived 2012-04-06 at the Wayback Machine, Poetry International website, retrieved August 3, 2010
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- Gopal, Venu, "Varavara Rao – A brief sketch by N. Venu Gopal (December 15, 2005)", December 15, 2005, Venu Gopal website, retrieved August 2, 2010 Archived 2010-04-20 at the Wayback Machine
- Web pages titled "Miłosz Czesław" (both English version Archived 2011-09-16 at the Wayback Machine [for translated titles] and Polish version Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine [for diacritical marks]), at the Institute Ksiazki ("Book Institute") website, "Bibliography: Poetry" section, retrieved February 26, 2010
- Web page titled "Eugene Tkaczyszyn-Dycki (1962)" Archived 2009-10-08 at the Wayback Machine, at the Biuro Literackie literary agency website, retrieved February 25, 2010
- Web page titled "Jan Twardowski" Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine, at the Institute Ksiazki website (in Polish), "Bibliography: Poetry" section, retrieved February 24, 2010
- Web page titled Znak i njegova deca by Dejan Stojanović at the Open Library
- Web page titled Oblik by Dejan Stojanović at the Open Library
- Web page titled Tvoritelj by Dejan Stojanović at the Open Library
- Web page titled Krugovanje, Trece dopunjeno izdanje (Third edition) by Dejan Stojanović at the Open Library
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- https://www.loc.gov/rr/main/poets/virginia.html Virginia Law and Library of Congress List of Poets Laureate of Virginia
Notes
- "A Timeline of English Poetry" at the Representative Poetry Online website, University of Toronto
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