1941 in literature

• January 3 – A decree (Normalschrifterlass) issued in Nazi Germany by Martin Bormann on behalf of Adolf Hitler calls for replacement of blackletter typefaces by Antiqua.[1]
• January 20 – Chittadhar Hridaya begins a six-year sentence of imprisonment in Kathmandu for writing poetry in Nepal Bhasa, during which time he secretly composes his Buddhist epic Sugata Saurabha in that language.
• January 21–23 – A failed "Legionary Rebellion" in Bucharest, opposing loyalists of the Ion Antonescu government to the radically fascist Iron Guard, doubles as a pogrom against Romanian Jews. Avant-garde poet Ion Barbu joins a rebel squad storming into the Ministry of Education;[2] meanwhile, his colleague Ion Vinea protects a Jewish friend, the novelist Sergiu Dan.[3] The destruction of Jewish life and property is documented from inside the Jewish community by the photojournalist F. Brunea-Fox,[4] and by Marcel Janco. Janco's brother-in-law, essayist Jacques G. Costin, survives, but his brother is tortured and killed by the Guard; the murder prompts Janco to leave for British Palestine in February.[5]
• Spring – The Antioch Review is founded as a literary magazine at Antioch College in Ohio.
• April – Jean-Paul Sartre is released from prisoner-of-war camp on health grounds.
• April 6 – The National Library of Serbia is destroyed by bombing.[6]
• April 19 – Bertolt Brecht's play Mother Courage and Her Children (Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder) is launched at the Schauspielhaus Zürich in Switzerland, with Therese Giehse in the title rôle.[7]
• May 5 – Kingsley Amis and Philip Larkin meet while both reading English at St John's College, Oxford.[8]
• May 21 – The 1941 theatre strike in Norway begins. Actors in the Norwegian professional theater strike in response to the revocation of work permits for six actors who refuse to perform on state radio for the Quisling regime during the occupation of Norway by Nazi Germany.
• June – Noël Coward's comedy Blithe Spirit is premièred at Manchester Opera House in England. Opening in London on July 2, its run of 1,997 consecutive performances sets a record for non-musical plays in the West End theatre, which will not be surpassed for more than twenty years.[9] The original cast stars Kay Hammond as Elvira, Margaret Rutherford as Madame Arcati, Cecil Parker as Charles and Fay Compton as Ruth.[10] The Broadway première takes place on November 5 at the Morosco Theatre.
• June 22 – Among those fleeing the Operation Barbarossa attack on the Soviet Union is a Moldovan Jewish poet, Alexandru Robot, declared missing, presumed dead by August.[11]
• June 29
  • For unknown reasons, the Hungarian philosopher György Lukács is arrested by the NKVD and held at Lubyanka Building in Moscow; he will be released on August 26, possibly because of a plea made by Mátyás Rákosi.[12]
  • The Iași pogrom in Nazi-allied Romania is witnessed by the Italian war correspondent Curzio Malaparte, who recounts it in a chapter of his novel Kaputt (1944), for long the only work to deal with the events.[13]
• August 6 – C. S. Lewis begins a series of BBC Radio broadcasts that give rise to Mere Christianity.[14]
• August 18 – Pilot Officer John Gillespie Magee, Jr., a 19-year-old poet of American paternity serving in Britain with the Royal Canadian Air Force, makes a high-altitude test flight in a Spitfire V from RAF Llandow in Wales, and then by September 3 completes the sonnet "High Flight" about the experience. On December 11 he dies in an air collision over England.
• Fall – Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine is launched under the editorship of Frederic Dannay, by Lawrence E. Spivak's Mercury Publications in New York City.
• September – In Nazi-allied Romania, George Călinescu publishes his companion to Romanian literature (Istoria literaturii române de la origini până în prezent). It is condemned in the far-right press for including entries on Romanian Jewish writers, whose work has been explicitly banned.[15] It is eventually withdrawn from circulation, but its own racist undertones are criticized by intellectuals such as the Jewish (Felix Aderca and Mihail Sebastian) and the Romanian (Șerban Cioculescu, Mihai Ralea and Vladimir Streinu).[16]
• September 6–7 – Under Nazi occupation, Yiddish poet Abraham Sutzkever is among the Polish Jews interned in the Vilna Ghetto.
• c. October – The first known reference to Babi Yar in poetry is written soon after the Babi Yar massacres, the work of the young Jewish-Ukrainian poet from Kiev and an eyewitness, Liudmila Titova; her poem "Babi Yar" will be discovered only in the 1990s.[17]
• October 27 – F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Last Tycoon, unfinished on his death in 1940, is edited by Edmund Wilson and published by Charles Scribner's Sons in New York City.[18]
• November – Brendan Behan is released from Borstal in England and deported back to Ireland.
• December
  • During the Siege of Leningrad, Yakov Druskin, ill and starving, and Maria Malich, second wife of Russian avant-garde poet Danil Kharms (arrested this summer for treason and imprisoned in the psychiatric ward at Leningrad Prison No. 1, where he will die in 1942), trudge to Kharms' bombed-out apartment building to collect a trunk of manuscripts, so preserving his work and that of Alexander Vvedensky's for decades until it can be circulated.[19] Vvedensky, arrested in September in Kharkov for "counterrevolutionary agitation", is evacuated, but dies of pleurisy on the way.
  • Penguin Books publishes in the U.K. the first story book in its Puffin Books children's paperback imprint: Worzel Gummidge by Barbara Euphan Todd. The series editor is Eleanor Graham.[20]

Uncertain dates

• The new National and University Library of Slovenia building in Ljubljana, designed by Jože Plečnik in 1930/1931, is completed.
• Biblioteca Cantonale (Cantonal Library) at Lugano in the Italian-speaking Canton of Ticino in neutral Switzerland, is completed. It has been designed by Rino and Carlo Tami.
• The Bosnian Serb writer Branko Ćopić joins the Yugoslav Partisans.
• The poet Ezra Pound applies unsuccessfully to return to the U.S. from Italy. He begins appearing on Rome Radio with antisemitic broadcasts sympathetic to the Axis powers.[21]
• The Classic Comics series is launched in the United States with a version of The Three Musketeers.

• January 19 – Colin Gunton, English theologian and academic (died 2003)
• January 24 – Gary K. Wolf, American humorist
• March 13
  • Mahmoud Darwish, Palestinian poet (died 2008)
  • Donella Meadows, American environmentalist (died 2001)
• March 22 – Billy Collins, American poet
• April 10 – Paul Theroux, American novelist and travel writer
• May 13 – Miles Kington, Northern Irish-born humorist and journalist (died 2008)
• May 19 – Nora Ephron, American novelist and screenwriter (died 2012)
• May 24 – Bob Dylan, born Robert Allen Zimmerman, American singer-songwriter, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature
• June 5 – Spalding Gray, American screenwriter and dramatist (died 2004)
• June 27 – James P. Hogan, English-born American science fiction author (died 2010)
• July 12 – John Lahr, American-born author and critic
• August 9
  • Shirlee Busbee, American novelist
  • Jamila Gavin, Anglo-Indian children's writer
• September 1 – Gwendolyn MacEwen, Canadian poet (died 1987)
• September 3 – Sergei Dovlatov, Russian short-story writer and novelist (died 1990)
• September 15 – Lindsay Barrett, Jamaican novelist, poet and journalist
• October 2 – John Sinclair, American poet
• October 4 – Anne Rice, American horror/fantasy writer
• October 10 – Ken Saro-Wiwa, Nigerian writer (executed, died 1995)
• October 13 – John Snow, English cricketer and poet
• October 20 – Stewart Parker, Northern Irish poet and playwright (died 1988)
• October 25 – Anne Tyler, American novelist
• October 27 – Gerd Brantenberg, Norwegian novelist, author and feminist
• December 5 – Sheridan Morley, English biographer and critic (died 2007)

Uncertain dates

• Jonathan Aaron, American poet
• John Mole, English poet
• Pepetela, Angolan novelist
• Jay Rubin, American scholar and translator

• January 4 – Henri Bergson, French philosopher (born 1859)
• January 6
  • Franz Hessel, German writer and translator (born 1880)
  • F. R. Higgins, Irish poet and theater director (born 1896)
• January 13 – James Joyce, Irish novelist and poet (born 1882)
• January 23 – William Arthur Dunkerley (John Oxenham), English journalist, novelist and poet (born 1852)
• February 7 – Banjo Paterson, Australian bush poet (born 1864)
• February 9 – Elizabeth von Arnim, Australian-born English novelist (born 1866)
• February 24 – Robert Byron, English travel writer (born 1905; torpedoed)
• March 13 – Elizabeth Madox Roberts, American novelist and poet (born 1881)
• March 28 – Virginia Woolf, English novelist and writer (born 1882; suicide)[26]
• June 1 – Sir Hugh Walpole, New Zealand-born English novelist (born 1884)
• June 15 – Evelyn Underhill, English poet, mystic and pacifist (born 1875)
• July 4 – Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński, Polish writer, translator and gynecologist (born 1874)
• August 7 – Rabindranath Tagore, Bengali polymath and writer (born 1861)
• August 31 – Marina Tsvetaeva, Soviet Russian poet (born 1892; suicide)
• September 19 – H. E. Marshall, Scottish history writer for children (born 1867)
• October 17 – May Ziadeh, Lebanese-Palestinian poet, essayist and translator (born 1886)
• November 18 – Émile Nelligan, French Canadian poet (born 1879)[27]

Uncertain date

• Anne Elliot, English novelist (born 1856)

• Carnegie Medal for children's literature: Mary Treadgold, We Couldn't Leave Dinah
• Frost Medal: Robert Frost
• James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction: Joyce Cary, A House of Children
• James Tait Black Memorial Prize for biography: John Gore, King George V
• Newbery Medal for children's literature: Armstrong Sperry, Call It Courage
• Nobel Prize for literature: not awarded
• Pulitzer Prize for Drama: Robert E. Sherwood, There Shall Be No Night
• Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Leonard Bacon: Sunderland Capture
• Pulitzer Prize for the Novel: No award given

• September – Michael Frayn's play Copenhagen (1998) concerns the meeting of Werner Heisenberg with Niels Bohr.
• November
  • Len Deighton's alternate history novel SS-GB (1978) opens in an occupied London.
  • Rachel Seiffert's novel A Boy in Winter (2017) is set in the Ukraine during Operation Barbarossa.
• December – Martin Cruz Smith's thriller December 6 (2003) is set in Tokyo on the eve of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
• Michael Moorcock's alternate history steampunk novel The Steel Tsar (1981) is set during an alternate war.