1922 Southern Conference football season

The 1922 Southern Conference football season was the college football games played by the member schools of the Southern Conference as part of the 1922 college football season. The season began on September 23 as part of the 1922 college football season. Conference play began on October 7 with Washington & Lee defeating North Carolina State 14–6 in Lexington.

1922 Southern Conference football season
LeagueNCAA
SportCollege football
DurationSeptember 23, 1922
through December 2, 1922
Number of teams20
Regular Season
Season championsVanderbilt
Georgia Tech
North Carolina
1922 Southern Conference football standings
Conf  Overall
TeamW L T  W L T
North Carolina + 5 0 0  9 1 0
Georgia Tech + 4 0 0  7 2 0
Vanderbilt * + 3 0 0  8 0 1
VPI 3 0 0  8 1 1
Florida 2 0 0  7 2 0
Auburn 2 1 0  8 2 0
Tennessee 3 2 0  8 2 0
Alabama 3 2 1  6 3 1
Virginia 1 1 1  4 4 1
Mississippi A&M 2 3 0  3 4 2
Kentucky 1 2 0  6 3 0
Clemson 1 2 0  5 4 0
Washington and Lee 1 2 0  5 3 1
Maryland 1 2 0  4 5 1
LSU 1 2 0  3 7 0
Georgia 1 3 1  5 4 1
Tulane 1 4 0  4 4 0
South Carolina 0 2 0  5 4 0
Ole Miss 0 2 0  4 5 1
NC State 0 5 0  4 6 0
  • + Conference co-champions
  • * – co-member of SIAA

This was the conference's inaugural season, featuring former members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SIAA) and South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association (SAIAA). Amongst others, conference co-champion Vanderbilt was still a co-member of the SIAA.

Though North Carolina posted the best conference record, most sources listed either Vanderbilt or Georgia Tech as champion.[1] Vanderbilt was the only school to claim a championship and remain undefeated against all opponents. It posted the nation's number one defense as measured by points against per game and was retroactively selected for a national championship by selector Clyde Berryman.[2]

Intersectionalism was popular. Vanderbilt fought Michigan to a scoreless tie at the inaugural game at Dudley Field, the first football stadium in the south in the style of the Eastern schools.[3] Alabama, which scored 300 points on the season,[3] upset John Heisman's Penn Quakers 9–7.

Auburn's upset of Centre opened the door for the SoCon champion to claim a championship of the South. It was considered one of best teams Auburn turned out in the first half of the 20th century.[4] Centre quarterback Herb Covington had made a "world record" six drop kick field goals against Louisville.[3]

Vanderbilt end Lynn Bomar and Georgia Tech halfback Red Barron were unanimous All-Southern selections and second-team Walter Camp All-Americans.

Season overview

Results and team statistics

Conf. Rank Team Head coach Overall record Conf. record PPG PAG
1 (tie)North CarolinaBob Fetzer/Bill Fetzer9–15–019.17.2
1 (tie)Georgia TechWilliam Alexander7–24–017.46.6
1 (tie)VanderbiltDan McGugin8–0–13–019.71.8
4VPIBen Cubbage8–1–13–026.23.2
5FloridaWilliam G. Kline7–22–026.75.7
6AuburnMike Donahue8–22–127.64.8
7 (tie)TennesseeM. B. Banks8–23–223.94.5
7 (tie)AlabamaXen C. Scott6–3–13–2–130.08.1
9VirginiaThomas J. Campbell4–4–11–1–111.36.7
10Mississippi A&MDudy Noble3–4–22–36.220.4
11 (tie)KentuckyWilliam Juneau6–31–218.66.2
11 (tie)ClemsonDoc Stewart5–41–218.912.1
11 (tie)Washington and LeeJames DeHart5–3–11–223.212.0
11 (tie)MarylandCurley Byrd4–5–11–27.713.7
11 (tie)LSUIrving Pray3–71–27.224.4
16GeorgiaHerman Stegeman5–4–11–3–117.87.7
17TulaneClark Shaughnessy4–41–417.012.5
18 (tie)South CarolinaSol Metzger5–4–10–210.27.7
18 (tie)Ole MissRoland Cowell4–5–10–28.718.3
20NC StateHarry Hartsell4–60–510.19.2

Key

PPG = Average of points scored per game[5]
PAG = Average of points allowed per game[5]

Regular season

Index to colors and formatting
Non-conference matchup; SoCon member won
Non-conference matchup; SoCon member lost
Non-conference matchup; tie
Conference matchup

SoCon teams in bold.

Week One

DateVisiting teamHome teamSiteResultAttendanceReference
September 23MarionAuburnDrake FieldAuburn, AlabamaW 61–0
September 23NewberryGeorgiaSanford FieldAthens, GeorgiaW 82–13
September 23Emory & HenryTennesseeShields–Watkins Field • Knoxville, TennesseeW 50–0
September 23Hampden-SydneyVPIMiles FieldBlacksburg, VirginiaW 38–0

Week Two

DateTimeVisiting teamHome teamSiteResultAttendanceReference
September 29ErskineSouth CarolinaColumbia, South CarolinaW 13–0
September 30MarionAlabamaDenny FieldTuscaloosa, AlabamaW 110–0[6][7]
September 30AuburnHowardRickwood FieldBirmingham, AlabamaW 72–0[7]
September 30CentreClemsonRiggs Field • Calhoun, South CarolinaL 21–0[7]
September 30MercerGeorgiaSanford FieldAthens, GeorgiaW 41–0[8]
September 30OglethorpeGeorgia TechGrant Field • AtlantaW 31–6[9]
September 30MarshallKentuckyStoll Field • Lexington, KentuckyW 16–0
September 30Northwestern StateLSUState FieldBaton Rouge, LouisianaW 13–0
September 303rd Army CorpsMarylandBaltimoreW 7–0
September 30Wake ForestNorth CarolinaEmerson Field • Chapel Hill, North CarolinaW 62–3
September 30Randolph-MaconNorth Carolina StateRiddick StadiumRaleigh, North CarolinaW 20–2
September 30Union (TN)Ole MissHemingway Stadium • Oxford, MississippiT 0–0
September 30Carson-NewmanTennesseeShields–Watkins Field • Knoxville, TennesseeW 32–7[7]
September 303:00 p. m.Middle Tennessee StateVanderbiltDudley Field • Nashville, TennesseeW 38–0[7]
September 30George WashingtonVirginiaLambeth Field • Charlottesville, VirginiaW 34–0
September 30KingVPIMiles Field • Blacksburg, VirginiaW 25–0
September 30Emory & HenryWashington & LeeWilson Field • Lexington, VirginiaW 85–0

Week Three

DateVisiting teamHome teamSiteResultAttendanceReference
October 7OglethorpeAlabamaDenny FieldTuscaloosa, AlabamaW 41–0[6]
October 7Spring HillAuburnMontgomery, AlabamaW 19–6[10]
October 7Ole MissCentreCheek Field • Danville, KentuckyL 55–0[11]
October 7NewberryClemsonRiggs Field • Calhoun, South CarolinaW 57–0[12]
October 7FurmanFloridaFleming Field • Gainesville, FloridaL 7–6[13]
October 7GeorgiaChicagoStagg Field • ChicagoL 20–018,000[14]
October 7DavidsonGeorgia TechGrant Field • AtlantaW 19–0[15]
October 7CincinnatiKentuckyStoll Field • Lexington, KentuckyW 15–0
October 7LoyolaLSUState FieldBaton Rouge, LouisianaL 7–0
October 7MarylandRichmondRichmond, VirginiaT 0–0
October 7Birmingham–SouthernMississippi A&MDavis Wade StadiumStarkville, MississippiW 14–60
October 7North CarolinaYaleNew Haven, ConnecticutL 18–0[10]
October 7PresbyterianSouth CarolinaColumbia, South CarolinaW 6–0
October 7MaryvileTennesseeShields–Watkins Field • Knoxville, TennesseeW 21–0[11]
October 7Mississippi CollegeTulaneSecond Tulane Stadium • New Orleans, LouisianaW 30–0
October 7Henderson-BrownVanderbiltDudley Field • Nashville, TennesseeW 33–0[16][11]
October 7VirginiaPrincetonPalmer StadiumPrinceton, New JerseyL 5–0[17]
October 7North Carolina StateWashington & LeeWilson Field • Lexington, VirginiaW&L 14–6
October 7William & MaryVPIMiles Field • Blacksburg, VirginiaW 20–6

Week Four

DateTimeVisiting teamHome teamSiteResultAttendanceReference
October 12DukeNorth CarolinaChapel Hill, North CarolinaW 20–0
October 13PresbyterianClemsonRiggs Field • Calhoun, South CarolinaW 13–0
October 14AuburnArmyParade Ground • West Point, New YorkL 19–6[18]
October 14FloridaRollinsOrlando, FloridaW 19–0[19]
October 14GeorgiaFurmanManly Field • Greenville, South CarolinaW 7–0[20]
October 14AlabamaGeorgia TechGrant Field • AtlantaGT 33–7[6][11]
October 14LouisvilleKentuckyStoll Field • Lexington, KentuckyW 73–0
October 14MarylandPennFranklin FieldPhiladelphiaL 12–0
October 14RhodesOle MissHemingway Stadium • Oxford, MississippiW 23–0
October 14HowardMississippi A&MStarkville, MississippiT 0–0[21]
October 14South CarolinaNorth CarolinaEmerson Field • Chapel Hill, North CarolinaUNC 10–7[22]
October 14RoanokeNorth Carolina StateRiddick StadiumRaleigh, North CarolinaW 13–0
October 14TennesseeFort BenningColumbus, GeorgiaW 15–0
October 14Spring HillTulaneSecond Tulane Stadium • New OrleansW 30–10
October 142:15 p. m.MichiganVanderbiltDudley Field • Nashville, TennesseeT 0–016,000[23]
October 14RichmondVirginiaLambeth Field • Charlottesville, VirginiaW 14–6
October 142:30 p. m.CentreVPIMayo Island Park • Richmond, VirginiaL 10–612,500[24]
October 14Carson-NewmanWashington & LeeWilson Field • Lexington, VirginiaW 13–0

Week Five

DateTimeVisiting teamHome teamSiteResultAttendanceReference
October 19North CarolinaNorth Carolina StateRiddick StadiumRaleigh, North CarolinaUNC 14–9
October 20WoffordSouth CarolinaColumbia, South CarolinaW 20–0
October 20LSUTexas A&MCollege Station, TexasL 46–0
October 21SewaneeAlabamaRickwood FieldBirmingham, AlabamaT 7–7[6]
October 21MercerAuburnDrake FieldAuburn, AlabamaW 50–6[25]
October 21American LegionFloridaTampa, FloridaW 14–0[26]
October 21TennesseeGeorgiaSanford FieldAthens, GeorgiaUGA 7–3[25]
October 21Georgia TechNavyWorden FieldAnnapolis, MarylandL 13–0[27]
October 21KentuckyGeorgetown (KY)Georgetown, KentuckyW 40–6
October 21MarylandPrincetonPalmer StadiumPrinceton, New JerseyL 26–0
October 21Ole MissMississippi A&MJackson, MississippiMSA&M 19–13
October 21Fort BenningTulaneSecond Tulane Stadium • New OrleansW 18–0
October 213:00 p. m.VanderbiltTexasFair Park Stadium • Dallas, TexasW 20–1011,000[28]
October 21VMIVirginiaLambeth Field • Charlottesville, VirginiaL 14–0
October 21VPIDavidsonSprunt Field • Davidson, North CarolinaT 7–73,000[29]
October 21Washington & LeeWest VirginiaLaidley Field • Charleston, West VirginiaT 12–12[30]

Week Six

DateVisiting teamHome teamSiteResultAttendanceReference
October 26ClemsonSouth CarolinaColumbia, South CarolinaCLEM 3–0
October 28AlabamaTexasAustin, TexasL 19–10[31]
October 28Fort BenningAuburnDrake FieldAuburn, AlabamaW 30–0
October 28HowardFloridaFleming Field • Gainesville, FloridaW 57–0[32]
October 28OglethorpeGeorgiaSanford FieldAthens, GeorgiaW 26–6
October 28Notre DameGeorgia TechGrant Field • AtlantaL 13–3[30]
October 28SewaneeKentuckyStoll Field • Lexington, KentuckyW 7–0
October 28ArkansasLSUFair Grounds FieldShreveport, LouisianaL 40–6
October 28MarylandNorth CarolinaEmerson Field • Chapel Hill, North CarolinaUNC 27–3
October 28Ole MissTennesseeShields–Watkins Field • Knoxville, TennesseeTENN 49–0
October 29Mississippi A&MTulaneSecond Tulane Stadium • New OrleansTUL 26–0[31]
October 29MercerVanderbiltDudley Field • Nashville, TennesseeW 25–0[33]
October 28VirginiaJohns HopkinsBaltimore, MarylandW 19–0
October 28CatholicVPIBlacksburg, VirginiaW 73–0
October 28LynchburgWashington & LeeWilson Field • Lexington, VirginiaW 53–0

Week Seven

DateVisiting teamHome teamSiteResultAttendanceReference
November 2Spring HillLSUState FieldBaton Rouge, LouisianaW 25–7
November 4AlabamaPennFranklin FieldPhiladelphiaW 9–7[6]
November 4AuburnGeorgiaMemorial StadiumColumbus, GeorgiaAUB 7–3[34]
November 4ClemsonGeorgia TechGrant Field • AtlantaGT 21–7[35]
November 4FloridaHarvardHarvard Stadium • Allston, MassachusettsL 24–030,000[35]
November 4CentreKentuckyStoll Field • Lexington, KentuckyL 27–3
November 4MarylandVPIBlacksburg, VirginiaVPI 21–0
November 4Birmingham–SouthernOle MissHemingway Stadium • Oxford, MississippiW 6–0
November 4North CarolinaTulaneSecond Tulane Stadium • New OrleansUNC 19–12[36]
November 4DavidsonNorth Carolina StateRiddick StadiumRaleigh, North CarolinaW 15–0[37]
November 4OuachitaMississippi A&MDavis Wade StadiumStarkville, MississippiT 7–7
November 4SewaneeSouth CarolinaColumbia, South CarolinaL 7–6[38]
November 4VanderbiltTennesseeShields–Watkins Field • Knoxville, TennesseeVAN 14–67,000[39]
November 4Washington & LeeVirginiaLambeth Field • Charlottesville, VirginiaUVA 22–6[40]

Week Eight

DateVisiting teamHome teamSiteResultAttendanceReference
November 7LSURutgersNew YorkL 25–0
November 10LSUAlabamaDenny FieldTuscaloosa, AlabamaALA 47–3[6]
November 11TulaneAuburnMontgomery, AlabamaAUB 19–0[41]
November 11ClemsonThe CitadelCollege Park Stadium • Charleston, South CarolinaW 18–0
November 11Mississippi CollegeFloridaPlant FieldTampa, FloridaW 58–04,000[42]
November 11GeorgiaVirginiaLambeth FieldCharlottesville, VirginiaT 6–6[43]
November 11GeorgetownGeorgia TechGrant Field • AtlantaW 19–7[37]
November 11HendrixOle MissHemingway Stadium • Oxford, MississippiW 13–7
November 11North CarolinaVMIRichmond, VirginiaW 9–7
November 11North Carolina StateVPINorfolk, VirginiaVPI 24–06,000[44]
November 11Mississippi A&MTennesseeShields–Watkins Field • Knoxville, TennesseeTENN 31–3
November 11KentuckyVanderbiltDudley Field • Nashville, TennesseeVAN 9–012,000[45]
November 11Washington & LeeCentreLouisville, KentuckyL 27–6[46]

Week Nine

DateTimeVisiting teamHome teamSiteResultAttendanceReference
November 16The CitadelSouth CarolinaCounty Fairgrounds • Orangeburg, South CarolinaW 13–0
November 18CentreAuburnRickwood FieldBirmingham, AlabamaW 6–0[46]
November 18ErskineClemsonRiggs Field • Calhoun, South CarolinaW 52–0
November 18AlabamaKentuckyStoll Field • Lexington, KentuckyUK 6–0[6]
November 18FloridaTulaneSecond Tulane Stadium • New OrleansFLA 27–66,000[47]
November 18North Carolina StateGeorgia TechGrant Field • AtlantaGT 17–0[48]
November 18MarylandJohns HopkinsBaltimore, MarylandW 3–0
November 18Ole MissTennessee Medical CollegeMemphis, TennesseeL 32–0
November 18Mississippi A&MLSUState FieldBaton Rouge, LouisianaMSA&M 7–0
November 18DavidsonNorth CarolinaCharlotte, North CarolinaW 20–6
November 18SewaneeTennesseeChamberlain FieldChattanooga, TennesseeW 18–7[49]
November 183:00 p. m.VanderbiltGeorgiaSanford FieldAthens, GeorgiaVAN 12–0[50]
November 18VirginiaWest VirginiaWVU Athletic Field • Morgantown, West VirginiaL 13–0
November 18VPIWashington & LeeLynchburg, VirginiaVPI 41–6

Week Ten

DateTimeVisiting teamHome teamSiteResultAttendanceReference
November 25GeorgiaAlabamaCramton BowlMontgomery, AlabamaALA 10–6[6]
November 25ClemsonFurmanManly Field • Greenville, South CarolinaL 20–6[51]
November 25FloridaOglethorpeAtlantaW 12–0[52]
November 25MarylandCatholicWashington, D. C.W 54–0
November 25DrakeMississippi A&MDavis Wade StadiumStarkville, MississippiL 48–6
November 25Ole MissFort BenningColumbus, GeorgiaL 14–13
November 25North Carolina StateWake ForestWake Forest, North CarolinaW 32–0
November 252:00 p. m.SewaneeVanderbiltDudley Field • Nashville, TennesseeW 26–020,000[53]

Week Eleven

DateTimeVisiting teamHome teamSiteResultAttendanceReference
November 30Mississippi A&MAlabamaRickwood FieldBirmingham, AlabamaALA 59–0[6]
November 30AuburnGeorgia TechGrant Field • AtlantaGT 14–6[54]
November 30TulaneLSUState FieldBaton Rouge, LouisianaLSU 25–14[55]
November 30MarylandNorth Carolina StateRiddick StadiumRaleigh, North CarolinaMD 7–6[56]
November 30Ole MissMillsapsJackson, MississippiW 19–7
November 30North CarolinaVirginiaLambeth Field • Charlottesville, VirginiaUNC 10–7[57]
November 30KentuckyTennesseeShields–Watkins Field • Knoxville, TennesseeTENN 14–7[56]
November 30South CarolinaCentreDanville, KentuckyL 42–0[56]
November 302:30 p. m.VMIVPIRoanoke, VirginiaW 7–315,000[58]
November 30Washington & LeeJohns HopkinsBaltimore, MarylandW 14–0
December 2ClemsonFloridaJacksonville, FloridaFLA 47–14[59]

Awards and honors

All-Americans

All-Southern team

The following is the composite All-Southern team compiled from twenty four coaches and sporting editors of the South, each of whom received trophies from the Atlanta Journal:[60]

Position Name First-team selectors Team
QB Herb Covington AJ Centre
HB Red Barron AJ Georgia Tech
HB John Shirey AJ Auburn
FB John Fletcher AJ Georgia
E Lynn Bomar AJ Vanderbilt
T Albert Staton AJ Georgia Tech
G Oscar Davis AJ Georgia Tech
C Claire Frye AJ Georgia Tech
G Puss Whelchel AJ Georgia
T Joe Bennett AJ Georgia
E Red Roberts AJ Centre

See also

References

  1. "Champions of the South regardless of conference affiliation". Retrieved July 23, 2015.
  2. see Clyde Berryman. "QPRS American College Football National Champions" (PDF). "Official 2013 NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision Records Book" (PDF). The National Collegiate Athletic Association. pp. 76–77.
  3. "Outing: Sport, Adventure, Travel, Fiction". 1922.
  4. see e. g. "Auburn's Gator Bowl Champs Rated Among Top Tiger Teams". Ocala Star-Banner. January 16, 1955.
  5. https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/conferences/southern/1922.html
  6. http://grfx.cstv.com/schools/alab/graphics/docs/22-m-footbl-recaps.pdf
  7. Woodruff 1928, p. 187
  8. Woodruff 1928, p. 188
  9. Woodruff 1928, p. 186
  10. Woodruff 1928, p. 191
  11. Woodruff 1928, p. 194
  12. "Tigers Wallop Newberry Indians". The Tiger. 18. October 11, 1922.
  13. "Florida Loses Initial Game To Furman By Close Score of 7-6 In Hard Fought Battle Saturday". Florida Alligator. October 1, 1922.
  14. Woodruff 1928, p. 189
  15. Woodruff 1928, p. 190
  16. "Vandy Defeats Arkansas Team". The Macon Daily Telegraph. October 8, 1922.
  17. Woodruff 1928, p. 193
  18. Woodruff 1928, p. 196
  19. "Gators Outclass Rollins; Score Three Touchdowns Game Was Played In Rain". Florida Alligator. October 15, 1922.
  20. Woodruff 1928, p. 195
  21. Woodruff 1928, p. 199
  22. Woodruff 1928, p. 197
  23. Sam S. Greene (October 15, 1922). "Michigan and Vanderbilt play to Scoreless Tie In Commodores' Stadium: Southerns Spring Surprise on Rivals". Detroit Free Press.
  24. "Prayin' Colonels Defeat Tech in Last Period Spurt After Being Played Off Their Feet". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Library of Virginia. October 15, 1922. p. 1. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  25. Woodruff 1928, p. 200
  26. "Gators Take Third Game From State Legion team In Tampa By 14-0 Score". Florida Alligator. October 21, 1922.
  27. Woodruff 1928, p. 199
  28. "Big Gains Are Made On Punts And Wide Runs In Dallas Game." Fort Worth Star Telegram 22 Oct. 1922: 14.
  29. "Plucky Wildcats Fight Virginia Techmen To A 7–7 Draw And Uphold The Time Honored Glory Of Sprunt Athletic Field" (PDF). The Davidsonian. Davidson College. October 26, 1922. p. 1. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
  30. Woodruff 1928, p. 203
  31. Woodruff 1928, p. 205
  32. "Gators Swamp Howard Team; Score Is 58 to 0". Florida Alligator. October 28, 1922.
  33. Blinkey Horn (October 29, 1922). "Rountree's Brilliant Runs Helps Vandy Subs to Conquer Mercer Team". The Tennessean. p. 10. Retrieved September 18, 2016 via Newspapers.com.
  34. Woodruff 1928, p. 206
  35. Woodruff 1928, p. 212
  36. Woodruff 1928, p. 208
  37. Woodruff 1928, p. 213
  38. Woodruff 1928, p. 209
  39. Woodruff 1928, p. 211
  40. Woodruff 1928, p. 207
  41. Woodruff 1928, p. 215
  42. Woodruff 1928, p. 219
  43. Woodruff 1928, p. 214
  44. "Virginia Tech Romps on Tarheel Opponents". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Library of Virginia. November 12, 1922. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  45. Woodruff 1928, p. 216
  46. Woodruff 1928, p. 217
  47. "Heavy Florida Team Batters Down Tulane's Defense and Wins, 27-6". Atlanta Constitution. November 19, 1922. p. 3. Retrieved August 20, 2015 via Newspapers.com.
  48. Woodruff 1928, p. 218
  49. Woodruff 1928, p. 223
  50. "Vanderbilt Defeats the University of Georgia." Charlotte Sunday Observer 19 Nov. 1922: 2.
  51. Woodruff 1928, p. 225
  52. Woodruff 1928, p. 224
  53. "Sewanee Loses To Vanderbilt, 26-0". The Sewanee Purple. December 14, 1922. hdl:11005/1158.
  54. Woodruff 1928, p. 226
  55. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-01-21.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  56. Woodruff 1928, p. 228
  57. Woodruff 1928, p. 227
  58. "Techs Lick Cadets in Thrilling Game". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Library of Virginia. December 1, 1922. p. 1. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  59. "University of Florida Wins Over Clemson, But Tigers Score Twice". Atlanta Constitution. December 3, 1922. p. 3. Retrieved August 30, 2015 via Newspapers.com.
  60. Cliff Wheatley (December 10, 1922). "Al Staton, Davis, Whelchel Frye, Roberts, Covington, Bennett, Fletcher Picked". Atlanta Constitution. p. 3. Retrieved March 16, 2015 via Newspapers.com.
  • Woodruff, Fuzzy (1928). A History of Southern Football 1890–1928. 2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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