1276
Year 1276 (MCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1276 by topic |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1276 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1276 MCCLXXVI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2029 |
| Armenian calendar | 725 ԹՎ ՉԻԵ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6026 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1197–1198 |
| Bengali calendar | 683 |
| Berber calendar | 2226 |
| English Regnal year | 4 Edw. 1 – 5 Edw. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1820 |
| Burmese calendar | 638 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6784–6785 |
| Chinese calendar | 乙亥年 (Wood Pig) 3972 or 3912 — to — 丙子年 (Fire Rat) 3973 or 3913 |
| Coptic calendar | 992–993 |
| Discordian calendar | 2442 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1268–1269 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5036–5037 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1332–1333 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1197–1198 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4376–4377 |
| Holocene calendar | 11276 |
| Igbo calendar | 276–277 |
| Iranian calendar | 654–655 |
| Islamic calendar | 674–675 |
| Japanese calendar | Kenji 2 (建治２年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1186–1187 |
| Julian calendar | 1276 MCCLXXVI |
| Korean calendar | 3609 |
| Minguo calendar | 636 before ROC 民前636年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −192 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1818–1819 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴木猪年 (female Wood-Pig) 1402 or 1021 or 249 — to — 阳火鼠年 (male Fire-Rat) 1403 or 1022 or 250 |
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It is the only Year of Four Popes.
Events
By area
Africa
Americas
- A severe 23-year drought begins to affect the Grand Canyon area, eventually forcing the agriculture-dependent Anasazi culture to migrate out of the region.
Asia
- February – The court of the Southern Song Dynasty of China and hundreds of thousands of its citizens flee from Hangzhou to Fujian, and then Guangdong, in an effort to escape an invasion by Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty.
- June 14 – Remnants of the Song Chinese court in Fuzhou province conduct the coronation ceremony for the Prince Zhao Shi to become Emperor Duanzong of Song.
- Alamut Castle is again captured by the Mongols from a Nizari force under a son of Rukn al-Din Khurshah and a descendant of the Khwarezmshahs.[1][2]
Europe
- March 9 – Augsburg becomes an Imperial Free City. Ravensburg also does in the same year.
- June – King Rudolph I of Germany declares war on King Otakar II of Bohemia, a political rival; by November, Otakar II is forced to cede four important territories, as demanded by the Diet of Nuremberg in 1274.
- Stefan Dragutin of Serbia becomes King of Serbia.
- A Mudejar rebellion erupts in Valencia (it is put down in 1278).[3]
By topic
Culture
- Merton College, Oxford, is first recorded as having a collection of books, making its Library the world's oldest in continuous daily use.[4]
Economics
- Henry of Ghent becomes the last major theologian to openly consider annuities as usurious contract. The end of the debate allows for the expansion of the budding practice of renten emission, to become a staple of public finance in north-western Europe.[5]
Religion
- January 21 – Pope Innocent V succeeds Pope Gregory X, as the 185th pope.
- July 11 – Pope Adrian V (also referred to as Hadrian) succeeds Pope Innocent V, as the 186th pope.
- September 13 – Pope John XXI succeeds Pope Adrian V as the 187th pope, becoming the fourth man this calendar year to hold the office of pope.
- The foundation stone of the Minoritenkirche in Vienna is laid, by King Otakar II of Bohemia.
Births
- May 3 –Louis, Count of Évreux, son of King Philip III of France (d. 1319)
- September 29 –Christopher II of Denmark (d. 1332)
- October 19 – Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shōgun (d. 1328)
- Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford (d. 1322)
- Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German ruler (d. 1318)
- Robert, King of Naples (d. 1343)
- Vakhtang III of Georgia (d. 1308)
Deaths
- January 10 – Pope Gregory X
- June 22 – Pope Innocent V
- July 27 – King James I of Aragon (b. 1208)
- August 18 – Pope Adrian V
- November 30 – Kanezawa Sanetoki, Japanese member of the Hōjō clan (b. 1224)
- Guido Guinizelli, Italian poet
- Mathilde of Saarbrücken, countess ruler (b. 1224)
- Vasily of Kostroma, Grand Duke of Vladimir (b. 1241)
- Ahmad al-Badawi, Moroccan Badawiyyah Sufi founder (b. 1199)
References
- Wasserman, James (2001). The Templars and the Assassins: The Militia of Heaven. Simon and Schuster. p. 115. ISBN 978-1-59477-873-5.
- Virani, Shafique N.; Virani, Assistant Professor Departments of Historical Studies and the Study of Religion Shafique N. (2007). The Ismailis in the Middle Ages: A History of Survival, a Search for Salvation. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-19-531173-0.
- de Epalza, Miguel (1999). Negotiating cultures: bilingual surrender treaties in Muslim-Crusader Spain under James the Conqueror. Brill. p. 96. ISBN 90-04-11244-8.
- "Library & Archives - History". Oxford: Merton College. Archived from the original on May 13, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
- Munro, John H. (2003). "The Medieval Origins of the Financial Revolution". The International History Review. 15 (3): 506–562.
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