Zora Arkus-Duntov

Zora Arkus-Duntov
"Father of the Corvette"
Born Zachary Arkus
(1909-12-25)December 25, 1909
Belgium
Died (1996-04-21)April 21, 1996 (aged 86)
Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
Occupation Engineer
Spouse(s) Elfi Arkus-Duntov

Zora Arkus-Duntov (December 25, 1909 – April 21, 1996) was a Belgian-born American engineer whose work on the Chevrolet Corvette earned him the nickname "Father of the Corvette."[1] He is sometimes erroneously referred to as the inventor of the Corvette, whereas that title belongs to Harley Earl.[2] He was also a successful racing driver, taking class victories in 1954 and 1955 24 Heures du Mans.[1]

Early life

Duntov was born Zachary Arkus in Belgium on December 25, 1909. His parents were both Russian-born Jews; his father was a mining engineer and his mother was a medical student in Brussels.[1] After the family returned to their hometown of Leningrad, Duntov's parents divorced. His mother's new partner, Josef Duntov, another mining engineer, had moved into the household. Even after the divorce, Duntov's father continued to live with the family, and out of respect for both men, he and brother Yura took on the last name of Arkus-Duntov.[1]

In 1927, his family moved to Berlin. While his early boyhood ambition was to become a streetcar driver, streetcars later gave way to motorcycles and automobiles. His first motorized vehicle was a 350 cc motorcycle, which he rode at nearby racetracks as well as through the streets of Berlin. When his parents, fearing for his safety, insisted he trade the cycle in for an automobile, Duntov bought a racecar. The car was a cycle fendered contraption called a "Bob", from a short-lived manufacturer of the same name. The Bob was set up for oval track racing. It had no front brakes and weak rear brakes.[1] In 1934, Duntov graduated from the Charlottenburg Technological University (known today as the Technical University of Berlin). He also began writing engineering papers in the German motor publication Auto Motor und Sport. Later in Paris, he would meet Elfi Wolff, a German native who danced with the Folies Bergère.[1]

When World War II began in 1939, Zora and Elfi were married, just as Duntov and his brother joined the French Air Force. When France surrendered, Duntov obtained exit visas from the Spanish consulate in Marseilles, not only for Elfi and himself, but for his brother and parents as well. Elfi, who was still living in Paris at the time, made a dramatic dash to Bordeaux in her MG just ahead of the advancing Nazi troops. In the meantime, Duntov and Yura hid in a bordello. Five days later, Elfi met up with Duntov and his family and later they boarded a ship in Portugal bound for New York.[1]

Ardun

Settled in Manhattan, the two brothers set up Ardun (derived from Arkus and Duntov) which supplied parts to the military and manufactured aluminum overhead valve, hemispherical combustion chamber heads for the flathead Ford V8 engine. The purpose of the overhead valve design (already common with in-line 6 cylinder engines of that era), was to cure the persistent overheating of the valve-in-block design. The flathead 'siamesed' the two center exhaust ports into a single tube, passing the hot gasses between those two cylinders (a massive heat transfer to coolant which was not present in overhead valve designs). The Ardun heads (designed with overhead valves, presenting no over-heating problems) allowed dramatic increases in power output from the Ford V8, to over 300 hp (220 kW; 300 PS). Ardun grew into a 300 employee engineering company with a name as revered as Offenhauser, but the company later went out of business after some questionable financial decisions by a partner the Arkus-Duntov brothers had taken on.[1] Arkus-Duntov attempted to qualify a Talbot-Lago for the Indianapolis 500 in 1946 and 1947. He failed to make the race both years.[3]

Later, Arkus-Duntov left America for England to do development work on the Allard sports car, co-driving it at the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1952 and in 1953.[1]

Driving an 1100 cc Porsche 550 RS Spyder, he also won class victories in 1954 Le Mans and 1955 Le Mans.[1]

General Motors

Duntov and the Corvette Sting Ray
Duntov's signature on a Corvette bumper

Arkus-Duntov joined General Motors in 1953 after seeing the Motorama Corvette on display in New York City. He found the car visually superb, but was disappointed with what was underneath. He wrote Chevrolet chief engineer Ed Cole that it would be a pleasure to work on such a beautiful car; he also included a technical paper which proposed an analytical method of determining a car's top speed. Chevrolet was so impressed, engineer Maurice Olley invited him to come to Detroit. On May 1, 1953, Arkus-Duntov started at Chevrolet as an assistant staff engineer.[1]

Shortly after going to work for Chevrolet, Arkus-Duntov set the tone for what he was about to accomplish in a memo to his bosses. The document, "Thoughts Pertaining to Youth, Hot Rodders and Chevrolet", laid the foundation for the strategy Chevrolet has used ever since to create one of the most successful performance parts programs in the industry. Chevrolet quickly became one of the most successful manufacturers ever in the history of motor racing. Soon, Arkus-Duntov became director of high performance at Chevrolet and helped to transform GM's largest division from a conservative company into a youthful, exciting one. In the process, he would change the Corvette from a docile roadster into a formidable sports car that challenged Porsche, Ferrari, Maserati, and Mercedes-Benz. Arkus-Duntov led by example. After helping to introduce the small-block V8 engine to the Corvette in 1955, providing the car with much-needed power, he set about showcasing the engine by ascending Pike's Peak in 1956 in a pre-production car, setting a stock car record. Not satisfied, he took a Corvette to Daytona Beach the same year and hit a record-setting 150 mph (240 km/h) over the flying mile. In his spare time, he also developed the famous Duntov high-lift camshaft and helped bring fuel injection to the Corvette in 1957.[1] He is credited for introducing four-wheel disc brakes on a mass-produced American car for the first time.[4]

In 1962, Arkus-Duntov launched the Grand Sport program. The original idea captured the interest and imagination of Corvette fans all over the world. The idea was to create a special lightweight Corvette weighing only 1,800 pounds and race it on an international circuit against not only Cobras and other GT-class cars, but also racing-only prototypes from Ferrari, Ford, and Porsche. It also served to keep the Corvette image somewhat in play in the face of Ford's "Total Performance" publicity onslaught, which included Carroll Shelby's Cobras. Power for the Grand Sport was to come from an aluminum version of the small block V8, equipped with special twin spark plug cylinder heads. At 377ci, output was a projected 550 hp (410 kW; 560 PS) at 6,400 rpm. As it had so often, GM policy prohibited Arkus-Duntov from going racing, but not before five Grand Sports were built. The five Grand Sports eventually fell into the hands of private owners, and Zora was able to support them in spite of the official ban.[1]

Retirement

Arkus-Duntov retired in 1975, relinquishing command to Dave McLellan. At 81 years of age, Arkus-Duntov was still passionate and opinionated about the Corvette. During the time between his retirement and death, his legend grew. Whenever anything Corvette-related happened, Arkus-Duntov was there. A member of the Drag Racing Hall of Fame, the Chevrolet Legends of Performance, and the Automotive Hall of Fame, he took part in the rollout of the one millionth Corvette at Bowling Green in 1992. He also drove the bulldozer at the ground breaking ceremonies for the National Corvette Museum in 1994.[5] Six weeks before his death, Arkus-Duntov was guest speaker at "Corvette: A Celebration of an American Dream", an evening held at the showrooms of Jack Cauley Chevrolet Detroit. On hand that night were Dave McLellan and his successor as Corvette chief engineer, Dave Hill, but no one could argue Arkus-Duntov stole the show.[1]

Death

Arkus-Duntov died in Detroit on April 21, 1996,[4] and his ashes were entombed at the National Corvette Museum. Pulitzer Prize winning columnist George Will wrote in his obituary that "if... you do not mourn his passing, you are not a good American."[6]

Honors and awards

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Burton, Jerry (2002). Zora Arkus-Duntov: The Legend Behind Corvette (Chevrolet). New York: Bentley Publishers. p. 6. ISBN 0-8376-0858-9.
  2. ↑ "Harley Earl, Father of the Corvette". corvetteactioncenter. The Torque Network, LLC. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
  3. ↑ Zora Arkus-Duntov, Champ Car Stats, Retrieved 2010-12-24
  4. 1 2 Keith Bradsher (April 24, 1996), Zora Arkus-Duntov, 86, Who Made Corvette a Classic, Dies, The New York Times, retrieved 2012-02-21
  5. ↑ Daniel Strohl (March 2007), "Zora Arkus-Duntov", Hemmings Muscle Machines, retrieved 2012-02-21
  6. ↑ Will, George (April 29, 1996), A Tribute to 1950s and Man Who Revved Up Corvettes, Washington Post Writers Group, retrieved 2012-02-21
  7. 1 2 Arkus-Duntov, Zora, GM Heritage Center, retrieved 2012-02-21
  8. ↑ Hall of Fame – 1972 inductee Zora Arkus-Duntov, SEMA, archived from the original on 2012-12-27, retrieved 2012-02-21
  9. ↑ Burton, Jerry. Zora Arkus-Duntov: The Legend Behind Corvette. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Bentley Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8376-0858-7. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  10. ↑ "Inductee biography – Zora Arkus-Duntov". Archived from the original on 2007-08-11.
  11. ↑ "Zora Arkus-Duntov". Hall of Fame Inductees. Automotive Hall of Fame. 1991. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  12. ↑ International Drag Racing Hall of Fame alphabetical list of inductees, Don Garlits Museum of Drag Racing, archived from the original on 2012-02-19, retrieved 2012-02-21
  13. ↑ Zora Duntov inductee page, National Corvette Museum, retrieved 2012-02-21
  14. ↑ Burton, Jerry (22 June 2012). "Champion of the Corvette, Feted in the Land He Left". New York Times. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
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