Zadruga (movement)

Movement of Polish Nationalists Zadruga, was a Polish neopagan nationalist movement founded in 1937 by Jan Stachniuk, which published a monthly political and cultural bulletin "Zadruga". The group focused around this magazine was the most active neopagan group during the inter-War 1918-1939 period in Poland, having around 300 followers in 1939. The Zadruga movement has never become an organization with a formal membership. Its spiritual guide was Antoni Wacyk, who was promoting a return to Slavic native faith. Jan Stachniuk was promoting his ideology of culturalism, aiming at unification of Western Slavic peoples, based on the reconstruction of their original national culture and cultural strength, as opposed to the presumed anti-cultural influence of Christianity, especially of the Catholic clergy, promoting laxism[1], escapism, and consumption[2]. This should prepare these nations for the inevitable confrontation with the Russian and German expanionism. Each nation should build its own strength thought its collective matrix, named zadruga after the original Slavic notion of the organization of rural communities. The Western Slavic nations should function as one centralized state with the collective ownership of land and industry, based on grass-root enthusiasm and heroism.

In 1945-47, as part of the Nationalist opposition, they were publishing "Zryw" in Poznań and "Arkona" journals in Bydgoszcz. In 1949 all the leaders of the movement were arrested by the Communist regime, accused of collaboration with neo-Fascism and sentenced in 1952. After the amnesty in 1956, they were liberated, but did not restore the former activities, which transformed into an informal intellectual movement, concentrated in Wrocław. The attempts in the 1980s and 1990s to restore it as an association were not successful.

After 1989 the elements of the ideology of "Zadruga" were used by Bolesław Tejkowski in his ideology of Polish anti-clerical nationalism of the Social-National Union (Unia Społeczno-Narodowa)[3]. The ideology was also propagated separately by the Toporzeł Publishing House [4]. Many of the former participants of the informal Zadruga intellectual groups are now members of theNational Movement (Ruch Narodowy) or of the Nacjonalistyczne Stowarzyszenie "Zadruga" [5].

The foundational writings of Stachniuk and Wacyk are used now by certain Polish Slavic native faith groups, especially by the Union of Native Faith (Rodzima Wiara) and by the Association for Tradition and Culture "Niklot" (Stowarzyszenie na rzecz Tradycji i Kultury „Niklot”).

Slavic Native Faith

Stanisław Potrzebowski, founder of Rodzima Wiara and zadrugist, take notice about influence of Zadruga movement into Slavic Native Faith in his book Slavic movement Zadruga. He stated that Zadruga and Slavic Native Faith are linked by common set of values, and he also pointed appreciation of work of Zdzisław Słowiński's – founder of Toporzeł Publishing House, which allowed to reborn of zadrugist thought in 3rd Polish Republic – from Polish and Ukrainian Rodnover groups.[6] According to Potrzebowski, founding of World Congress of Ethnic Religions (later European Congress of Ethnic Religions) in 1998 in Vilnius, among others by members of Rodzima Wiara, was coincide with dream of Stachniuk about "renovation of Aryan people's unity",[7] and number of joint initiatives of Rodnovers from different countries, like eg. Generic Weche of Slavs, are realization of social-political program of pre-war Zadruga.[8]

References

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Laxism in Catholic Theology
  2. ↑ Jan Stachniuk: Wykład teoretyczny "Zadrugi" i jego zadanie, in: "Zadruga", nr 7 (maj 1938); Jan Stachniuk: Druga antynomia dziejów Polski, in: "Zadruga", nr 5 (marzec 1938); Jan Stachniuk: "Katolicyzm dynamiczny". O.J.M. Bocheńskiemu w odpowiedzi, in: "Zadruga", nr 7 (maj 1938); Jan Stachniuk: Katolicyzm superdynamiczny (II), in: "Zadruga", nr 16 (luty 1939)
  3. ↑ Tomasz Szczepański: Działalność polityczna Bolesława (Bernarda) Tejkowskiego do roku 1989, in: R. Łętocha, ed.: Religia, polityka, naród..., Kraków 2010.
  4. ↑ Reprints of selected publications by Stachniuk and Wacyk
  5. ↑ Nationalist Association "Zadruga"
  6. ↑ Potrzebowski 2016, p. 187.
  7. ↑ Potrzebowski 2016, p. 188.
  8. ↑ Potrzebowski 2016, p. 189.


Sources

  • M. Łapiński, T. Szczepański: Czciciele Polski pogańskiej, in: "'Karta" nr 19, 1996.
  • Tomasz Szczepański: Mniejszości narodowe w myśli politycznej narodowo-demokratycznych (endeckich) ugrupowań opozycyjnych 1980-1989, in: "Mazowieckie Studia Humanistyczne", nr 1-2, 2005.
  • Mariusz Filip: O etnografię rodzimowierstwa. Wprowadzenie do etnografii Zakonu Zadrugi "Północny Wilk", in: "Państwo i Społeczeństwo", t. VIII: 2008, nr 4.
  • Tomasz Szczepański: Rodzimowierstwo polskie a życie publiczne po 1989 r. Próba szkicu, in: "Państwo i Społeczeństwo", t. VIII: 2008, nr 4.
  • Tomasz Szczepański: Ruch zadrużny i rodzimowierczy w PRL w latach 1956-1989, in: "Państwo i Społeczeństwo" t. IX: 2009, nr 4.
  • Potrzebowski, Stanisław (2016). Słowiański ruch Zadruga [Slavic movement Zadruga] (in Polish). Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Triglav. ISBN 9788362586967.
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