Wellington International Airport

Wellington International Airport
Aerial photo of Wellington International Airport (north is at left)
Summary
Airport type Public
Owner
Operator Wellington International Airport Ltd
Serves Wellington, New Zealand
Location Rongotai, Wellington, New Zealand
Hub for Air New Zealand
Elevation AMSL 13 m / 42 ft
Coordinates 41°19′38″S 174°48′19″E / 41.32722°S 174.80528°E / -41.32722; 174.80528
Website www.wellingtonairport.co.nz
Map
WLG
Location of the Wellington International Airport
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
16/34[1] 2,081 6,827 Grooved bitumen
Statistics (Year ending 30 June 2017)
Passenger throughput 6,049,194[2]
Aircraft movements 100,696[3]
Wellington Airport from Mt Victoria

Wellington International Airport (formerly known as Rongotai Airport) (IATA: WLG, ICAO: NZWN) is an international airport located in the suburb of Rongotai in Wellington, the capital city of New Zealand. It lies 3 NM or 5.5 km south-east from the city centre. It is a hub for Air New Zealand and its subsidiaries. Wellington International Airport Limited, a joint venture between Infratil and the Wellington City Council, operates the airport.

Wellington is the third busiest airport in New Zealand (after Auckland and Christchurch) handling a total of 6,049,194 passengers in the year ending 31 March 2017.[4] It is the second busiest airport in New Zealand for IFR movements (84,070 in 2013). Auckland is the busiest (105,403) with Christchurch third (68,764).[5]

The airport, in addition to linking many New Zealand destinations with national and regional carriers, also has links to major cities in eastern Australia. It is the home of some smaller general aviation businesses, including the Wellington Aero Club which operates from the general aviation area on the western side of the runway.

The airport comprises a small 110-hectare (270-acre)[6] site on the Rongotai isthmus, a stretch of low-lying land between Wellington proper and the Miramar Peninsula. It operates a single 2,081-metre (6,827 ft) runway with ILS in both directions. The airport handles turboprop, narrow-body and wide-body jet aircraft movements. The airport is bordered by residential and commercial areas to the east and west, and by Wellington Harbour and Cook Strait to the north and south respectively.

Wellington has a reputation for sometimes rough and turbulent landings, even in larger aircraft, due to the channelling effect of Cook Strait creating strong and gusty winds, especially in pre frontal north westerly conditions.[7][8]

History

Sir Edmund Hillary, Joseph Holmes Miller and others at Rongotai Airport in 1956

Rongotai Airport started with a grass runway in November 1929.[9] The airport opened in 1935,[10] but was closed down due to safety reasons on 27 September 1947 (grass surface often became unusable during winter months).[11] During the closure, Paraparaumu Airport, 35 miles north of Wellington, was Wellington's airport, and became the country's busiest airport in 1949.

NAC Fokker F27 and Boeing 737, and SAFE Air Bristol 170 at Wellington Airport, 1969

A proposal to relocate the terminal from the east side to the site of the Miramar Golf Course was put forward in 1956.[12] Houses were moved and hills were bulldozed to make way for the construction of the new Wellington Airport in 1958,[13] at a total cost of £5 million.[14] The current airport was officially reopened on 25 October 1959,[15] after lobbying by the local Chamber of Commerce for a location that was much closer to the city centre.[16] Paraparaumu Airport was deemed unsuitable for large planes due to adverse terrain. The original length of the runway was 1,630 metres (5,350 ft),[17] and was extended to the length of 1,936 metres (6,352 ft) in the early 1970s, to handle DC-8s.

Wellington's original domestic terminal was built as a temporary measure inside a corrugated iron hangar, originally used to assemble de Havilland aircraft. It was known for being overcrowded, leaky and draughty. This building remained visible from the Sounds Air Terminal from which a covered walkway used to link the old Terminal to the new one, but has since been removed. An upgrade of the domestic terminal, budgeted at NZ$10 million, was announced in 1981, but by 1983 the plans were shelved after cost projections more than doubled.[18] The terminal was extensively refurbished in 1987 by Air New Zealand, and Ansett New Zealand built a new terminal as an extension to the international terminal when it commenced competing domestic air services in 1987.

In 1991, the airport released plans to widen the taxiway to CAA Code D & E specifications[19] and acquire extra space,[20] which were abandoned after protests from local residents. The plan involved the removal of the nearby Miramar Golf Course and a large number of residential and commercial properties.[21] The Airport purchased land from the Miramar Golf Course in 1994 for car park space.

As recently as 1992, several alternate sites for Wellington Airport were considered – Te Horo, Paraparaumu, Mana Island, Ohariu Valley, Horokiwi, Wairarapa and Pencarrow.[22] – but a decision was made to upgrade the existing site at Rongotai. A major new terminal was completed in 1999 and integrated with the international terminal, which had been built as an abortive first stage of a whole new terminal in 1977. A 90 m safety zone at the south end of the runway was constructed in order to comply with ICAO safety regulations, while a similar zone has been put in place at the runway's north end.[23]

Since 1998 the airport has been two-thirds privately owned by Infratil, with the remaining third owned by the Wellington City Council.

Gollum peering over the terminal building at Wellington Airport during a promotion for the Lord of the Rings movies – June 2004

In late 2003 the airport installed a large statue of Gollum on the terminal in order to promote the world premiere of The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King.

In April 2006, Air New Zealand and Qantas announced that they proposed to enter into a codeshare agreement, arguing that it would be necessary in order to reduce empty seats and financial losses on trans-Tasman routes. The airport counter-argued that the codeshare would stifle competition and passenger growth on Wellington's international flights, pointing to what it saw as a market duopoly dominated by Air New Zealand and Qantas.[24] The codeshare was abandoned by the two airlines after it was rejected in a draft ruling by the ACCC in November 2006.[25]

Fiji Airways began serving Wellington from Nadi on 25 June 2015.[26] Jetstar launched its first international service in December 2014 from Wellington to the Gold Coast.[27]

Singapore Airlines Boeing 777-200ER at Wellington, December 2016.

In mid-January 2016, rumours developed that Singapore Airlines will begin direct flights between Singapore and Wellington, stopping in Canberra.[28] The service (dubbed the "Capital Express") was confirmed on 20 January. Flights began 21 September 2016, operating four times a week with Boeing 777-200 aircraft.[29] It is Wellington's first direct flight to a destination outside Australia and the Pacific Islands. From April 2018, the Singapore Airlines flight will transit via Melbourne rather than Canberra.[30]

Terminal and piers

Wellington Airport operates a single terminal at the east of the airport, with three piers: South, South-West and North-West. The terminal and piers have a total floor area of 32,300 square metres (348,000 sq ft).[3]

The main terminal building contains a common check-in area on the first floor and a common baggage claim area on the ground floor. Both connect to a retail area on the first floor, looking out onto the runway. The main terminal has three gates, 18–20, which service piston-engined and turboprop aircraft.[31]

The South Pier contains ten gates (3–12) that serve regional aircraft and Air New Zealand Link turboprop aircraft. All are airstair gates. The South West Pier contains five gates (13–17) and is used by Air New Zealand domestic jet and Link turboprop aircraft; gates 13, 16, and 17 are jetbridge gates used by Airbus A320. There is also a koru lounge on the 2nd floor. The North West Pier contains nine gates (21–29), eight with jetbridges. The gates can be transferred between international and domestic usage – when used internationality, the gates are referred to as gates 41 through 49 (e.g. gate 26 is referred to as gate 46 when used internationally).[32]

Airlines and destinations


AirlinesDestinations
Air Chathams Chatham Islands
Air New Zealand Auckland, Blenheim, Brisbane (resumes 17 December 2018),[33][34] Christchurch, Dunedin, Gisborne, Hamilton, Invercargill, Melbourne, Napier, Nelson, New Plymouth, Palmerston North, Queenstown, Rotorua, Sydney, Tauranga, Timaru
Seasonal: Nadi
Fiji Airways Nadi[35]
Golden Bay Air Karamea,[36] Takaka[37]
Jetstar Airways Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin,[38] Gold Coast, Nelson,[39] Queenstown[40]
Qantas Melbourne, Sydney
Singapore Airlines Melbourne,[41] Singapore[29]
Sounds Air Blenheim, Nelson, Picton, Taupo,[42] Westport
Virgin Australia Brisbane, Sydney (begins 28 October 2018)[43]

Traffic

The view looking north of Wellington Airport in July 2015
Busiest International Routes to and from WLG (2017)[44]
RankAirportPassengersAnnual changeCarriers
1Sydney363,447Increase 1.5%Air New Zealand, Qantas, Virgin Australia
2Melbourne214,167Decrease 17.1%Air New Zealand, Qantas, Jetstar†
3Brisbane176,301Decrease 4.3%Virgin Australia
4Gold Coast48,270Increase 5.1%Jetstar
5Nadi28,336Increase 16.5%Air New Zealand, Fiji Airways

† Service ended 1 March 2017

Air Movements Rongotai

Air Movements Rongotai sits on the opposite side of the Wellington airport runway from the main passenger terminals, its main use being the facilatation of RNZAF flights and flights of overseas military forces. The current building was refurbished in the late 1980s when it housed not only the RNZAF Air movements unit but also 2 MCU (2nd Movements Control Unit) of the New Zealand Army. The role of 2 MCU was the logistic control and movement of defence personal and freight throughout New Zealand and abroad, utilising both civilian and military modes of transport.

Ongoing issues and development

Runway

Air New Zealand's new Boeing 777-300ER makes a rare landing at Wellington Airport for an open day on 9 February 2011.

The length of the runway has limited the size of aircraft that can use the airport on a commercial basis, and non-stop overseas destinations are limited to the east coast of Australia and the South Pacific.

Measuring threshold to threshold, Wellington's runway is 1,815 m (5,955 ft) long; 130 m (430 ft) and 106 m (348 ft) displaced thresholds at the north (16) and south (34) ends respectively give a total runway length of 2,081 m (6,827 ft). The runway is grooved, which improves performance of the runway during wet conditions.[45] Most large jet aircraft can safely use Wellington but the short runway severely limits their range to short-haul flights, and passenger numbers on trans-Tasman routes generally do not qualify the use of aircraft larger than the Airbus A320 and the Boeing 737-800. Air New Zealand has occasionally used wide body aircraft to cater for high-demand events such as major sports fixtures,[46] and the airport has seen a number of wide-body movements over the years for heads of state and visiting foreign dignitaries, diversions or special promotional events. Singapore Airlines operate a Wellington-Melbourne-Singapore flight four times per week, using a Boeing 777-200.[47]

A full-length runway extension to accommodate long-haul international flights has been previously investigated,[20][48][49][50][51] but would require expensive land reclamation into Lyall Bay, and massive breakwater protection from Cook Strait. Doubts have existed over the viability of such an undertaking, particularly as Air New Zealand has repeatedly indicated that it has no interest in pursuing international service beyond Australia and the Pacific Islands, and few international airlines have shown serious interest in providing services beyond those points. Air New Zealand has questioned potential demand for such flights, citing the axing of its Christchurch-Los Angeles route in early 2006.[52] Regional business organisations and the airport have put forward their case to various international airlines for long-haul operations to and from Wellington,[18][53] pointing out that Christchurch's economy is mainly industrial and agricultural, while arguing that Wellington's economy is based mainly on what they see as the higher-value public service, financial, ICT, and creative sectors. In particular, a survey commissioned by the Wellington Chamber of Commerce found that respondents regarded the airport's limited international capacity as the biggest obstacle to the Wellington region's economic potential, by a long margin over other factors.[54] It has also been pointed out that while Air New Zealand has been scaling back certain routes, it is adding others, most notably Auckland-Shanghai from 6 November 2006.

According to WIAL in 2009, the forthcoming Boeing 787 and Airbus A350 were originally predicted to have improved runway performance over existing long haul aircraft, opening up the possibility of direct air links to Asia and the Americas if commercially viable.[55] However, when the B787 was actually introduced into service, it was found that the "actual performance was not as favourable as was originally envisaged", prompting a decision to extend the north end of the runway.[56] In 2011, the Wellington City Council, Mayor Celia Wade-Brown and local business leaders reiterated their support for lengthening the runway, as part of the Airport's 2030 Long Term Plan, however questions were raised about a possible conflict of interest regarding the then incumbent Mayors' role on Infratil's board of directors.[57] The same year, Upper Hutt mayor Wayne Guppy called for further action on a runway extension,[58] with a spokesman for the airport confirming a proposal to lengthen the southern end of the runway by 300 m at an estimated cost of $1 million a metre which could start early 2015.[59] In 2013, United Arab Emirates-based airline Emirates said it would consider Wellington as a destination while the airport operator said 1000 people connect with long-haul flights to and from the capital each day.[60] China Southern Airlines has also expressed interest in starting a Guangzhou to Wellington service soon.[61]

In late 2014, the Airport and the Wellington City Council jointly opened the Web site Connect Wellington to promote the case for a runway extension.

In January 2016, Singapore Airlines announced that it was beginning services to Wellington via Canberra. The route dubbed "The Capital Express" flies to Wellington via Canberra four times a week, using a Boeing 777-200 aircraft.[62] The first direct link between Wellington and Asia proves that direct links are commercially viable, and furthers the case for a runway extension. The 777-200 is able to use Wellington Airport because the fuel needed to fly between Wellington and Canberra is relatively small; it couldn't takeoff from Wellington Airport if it carried the fuel required to fly non-stop to Singapore. The Deputy Mayor of Wellington believes Singapore Airlines' commitment to the capital helps the case for an airport runway extension, and that it shows airlines are looking to fly to Wellington and the extension will cater for that in the future.[63]

The first Boeing 747 to land at Wellington Airport, a Qantas Boeing 747SP, touches down in 1981
An Air New Zealand Boeing 737-300 on the usually turbulent approach to Wellington International Airport.

Boeing 747SP era

Because of the runway limitations, Qantas purchased two short-bodied "Special Performance" 747SP for flights between Wellington and Australia during the first half of the 1980s.[64] Air New Zealand operated DC-8s from Wellington on trans-Tasman routes, but when the planes were retired in 1981[64] none of its other planes were capable of operating international flights from Wellington – Air New Zealand's DC-10s required more runway length than Wellington had available, and twinjet planes were not yet ETOPS-certified. The 747SP addressed this gap in the market, with Air New Zealand (after turning down an offer to purchase the type) code-sharing with Qantas. Special markings on the runway assisted Qantas pilots where to touch down and to abort and go round to attempt a landing again.[65] The SP service to Wellington continued until 1985 when Qantas and later Air New Zealand took delivery of the more capable and economical Boeing 767-200ER type.[64] During this time Pan American Airways took an interest in the operation of SPs into the capital and proposed a possible long-range service to the US via Hawaii. However the New Zealand Government refused Pan Am's request for the route, citing Auckland Airport as the main gateway for overseas flights and the ability to generate passenger numbers amongst other things.[66][67]

Passenger terminal development

The international terminal – partially built by the now-defunct Ansett New Zealand in 1986 – has been upgraded in various stages since 2005. On 19 February 2008, Wellington Airport announced the proposed design for a new, expanded international terminal. The design, nicknamed "The Rock" and penned by Studio Pacific Architecture and Warren and Mahoney, was a deliberate departure from traditional airport terminal design, and aroused a great deal of controversy.[68] "The Rock" opened in October 2010.[69] There have also been plans for expanding retail operations,[70] as well as building a hotel above the carpark.

An Air New Zealand Boeing 737 landing in 2006, with construction of the south end runway safety area in the foreground.

Execujet (in conjunction with Capital Jet services) also operate a FBO and hangar facility for corporate jets and visiting general aviation aircraft on the Western apron. Other notable operators on the Western apron include Life Flight, the RNZAF and the Wellington aeroclub.

In April 2009, the airport issued a new master plan outlining upgrade plans over the next 20 years, including expanded terminal and apron space, and scope for runway extensions.[71]

Wellington will be spending $40 million expanding its south west pier at the domestic terminal to cope with increased passengers numbers work is expected to be finished in 2016.[72]

The airport plans on spending $250 million over the next five years. The main building will be extended to the south by 35 metres at a cost of $62m and the north pier doubled in width for $19m. An extra level added to the carpark and $30m will be spent in airfield works.[73]

International gate waiting area

Access

Wellington Airport's access is by road.

The airport lies at the southern end of the North Island section of State Highway 1, which connects the airport to Wellington City via the Mount Victoria Tunnel. SH 1 then continues to the Wellington Urban Motorway, which takes traffic out of the city and further afield to Porirua and the Hutt Valley, and on to the Kapiti Coast and the Wairarapa. The distance from the airport to the city centre is roughly 8 km (5.0 mi). Several taxi and shuttle companies serve the airport.

Two Metlink bus routes service the airport. The major route is the route 91 "Airport Flyer", which connects the terminal with central Wellington and Wellington Railway Station, then to Queensgate in Lower Hutt. The second is the route 2 (between the CBD and Miramar/Seatoun), which has a stop within a five-minute walk of the terminal. Connections to Porirua, Kapiti Coast and the Wairarapa require changing to a Metlink train at Wellington Railway Station.[74]

Public transport to the airport is limited to buses as the Airport is quite distant from the Wellington Railway Station, making it difficult to link Wellington Airport to the CBD via a rail link. Feasibility studies, such as the Greater Wellington Regional Council's Ngauranga to Wellington Airport Corridor Plan,[75] have been carried out to address this gap in the network, with light rail being touted as a solution by public transport advocates.

Incidents

Cessna 172 upturned by strong winds in 2007

In spite of the short runway and frequent winds, there have been very few safety incidents at the airport. However:

  • At the air show held on opening day in 1959 there were two significant incidents. A Royal New Zealand Air Force Sunderland flying boat scraped its keel along the runway during a low pass in turbulent conditions; it returned to its base at Hobsonville and was beached for repair.[76] A Royal Air Force Avro Vulcan bomber aborted its landing when it touched down short of the runway, rupturing its left main landing gear drag link, the wing attachments and engine fuel lines; the aircraft flew to Ohakea air base where it was stranded for several months being repaired.[77]
  • On 17 February 1963, Vickers 807 Viscount, ZK-BWO, "City of Dunedin" of the National Airways Corporation overran the southern end of the runway ending up damaged down an embankment on the adjacent public road.[78]
  • On Tuesday 8 October 1991 a United Airlines Boeing 747-122 N4728U made an emergency landing after its intended destination, Auckland Airport, was closed by fog. It was estimated that if the plane had continued to its planned alternate destination, Christchurch, it would have had an unacceptable 15 minutes of fuel on board.[79][80]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Wellington (NZWN) Aerodrome Geographical and Administration Data" (PDF). Civil Aviation Authority. 17 November 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2010.
  2. ↑ "July 2017 Market Report". Wellington Airport. 4 July 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
  3. 1 2 "Business statistics – Wellington International Airport". Archived from the original on 6 May 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  4. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  5. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  6. ↑ "Wellington Airport: Frequently Asked Questions". Infratil. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
  7. ↑ "Landing at Wellington – Aviation". Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
  8. ↑ "Wellington Airport, New Zealand – World's scariest airport landing strips". Virgin Media. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
  9. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 October 2006. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
  10. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2009. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
  11. ↑ Flight Magazine, 11 September 1947
  12. ↑ Flight Magazine, 5 October 1956
  13. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
  14. ↑ Tom Hunt (2013-11-02). "Moving a hill to make way for an airport". Fairfax NZ.
  15. ↑ Damien Burke. "Thunder & Lightnings – Avro Vulcan – Photo Gallery". Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  16. ↑ "Norwest Business Forum presentation". Enterprise North Shore. 23 March 2007. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
  17. ↑ Wellington City Airport – Wellington City Council Official Brochure and Programme, 1959.
  18. 1 2 "Update" (PDF). Infratil. 9 September 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
  19. ↑ "AC139-06a" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2006.
  20. 1 2 Wellington International Airport Ltd Draft Master Plan (Technical Solutions), Airplan NZ, 1991.
  21. ↑ Page Not Found | Victoria University of Wellington
  22. ↑ Birth of an airport, Juliet O'Connor, Evening Post, 14 June 1999, p5.
  23. ↑ "Runway safety plans bring Wellington Airport in line with new international standards". Wellington International Airport. 12 October 2006. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
  24. ↑ "Alert – number 2" (PDF). Wellington International Airport. 5 May 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2006. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
  25. ↑ "ACCC proposes to deny Qantas / Air New Zealand Tasman Agreement". Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. 3 November 2006. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
  26. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.
  27. ↑ "Jetstar launches first Wellington international route". 9 September 2014 – via www.nzherald.co.nz.
  28. ↑ Aston, Jose (11 January 2016). "Singapore Airlines to launch direct flights to Canberra". Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  29. 1 2 Flynn, David (20 January 2016). "Singapore Airlines to launch Singapore-Canberra-Wellington flights". Australian Business Traveller. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  30. ↑ Rutherford, Hamish (24 January 2018). "Capital Express ended, with Singapore Airlines now linking Wellington to Melbourne". Wellington: Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  31. ↑ "Wellington International Airport – Wild at Heart". Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  32. ↑ "Wellington International Airport – Contact". Archived from the original on 8 April 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  33. ↑ "Air New Zealand Trans-Tasman service changes in NW18". Retrieved 2 September 2018.
  34. ↑ "Air New Zealand announces new Trans-Tasman routes". Retrieved 9 April 2018.
  35. ↑ McNicol, Hamish (15 December 2014). "New Wellington to Fiji flight announced". The Dominion Post. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  36. ↑ "Wellington->Karamea (via Takaka) depart 9:30am arrives 1:00pm". Golden Bay Air. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  37. ↑ "Golden Bay Air – Wellington-Takaka Scheduled Flights". Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  38. ↑ "Jetstar adds Dunedin-Wellington service". Otago Daily Times. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  39. ↑ "Jetstar's new routes: Nelson, Napier, New Plymouth and Palmerston North make the cut". Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  40. ↑ "Route Launch - Jetstar". www.jetstar.com.
  41. ↑ "Singapore Airlines brings first class to Canberra on daily flights". Australian Business Traveller. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  42. ↑ Steve L. "3rd Level New Zealand: Wellington-Taupo service starts on 2 June". 3rd Level New Zealand. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  43. ↑ "Virgin Australia launches Queenstown, Wellington flights". Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  44. ↑ "Infoshare — International Travel and Migration - ITM — Table: Total passenger movements by NZ port and selected closest overseas ports (Annual-Dec)al-Dec)". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  45. ↑ "Wellington Airport to become testing ground for new wide-body Airbus aircraft". Stuff.
  46. ↑ Example: "Gone in 59 seconds! First Canes-Highlanders tickets sell out in record time". Television New Zealand. 29 June 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2016. Air New Zealand will now operate a Boeing 767 service from Dunedin to the capital on Saturday morning providing an extra 230 seats to the game.
  47. ↑ "Singapore Airlines trimming several flights from capital express service". Stuff.
  48. ↑ Wellington's Airport: The Costs & Benefits of Alternative Developments, C. Gillson, NZIER, 1970.
  49. ↑ Study of the Development of Wellington Airport, W. D. Scott & Co (NZ) Ltd, December 1979.
  50. ↑ Wellington International Airport Master Plan, J.H. Fyson, Wellington City Council Works Department, 1985.
  51. ↑ "Horizons Manawatu Fact Sheet/Background Information for Cargo Hub Report, 2002, p4" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2007.
  52. ↑ "Air NZ drops Christchurch-LA service". The New Zealand Herald. 25 January 2006. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
  53. ↑ "Wellington Regional Chamber of Commerce presentation" (PDF). Wellington International Airport. 1 August 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2008. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
  54. ↑ "Wellington airport plan riles Air NZ". TVNZ. 5 August 2005. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
  55. ↑ "Wellington Airport: Frequently Asked Questions". Infratil. Archived from the original on 8 January 2008. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
  56. ↑ "About: Questions on extending the runway". Wellington Airport. Archived from the original on 2014-05-14.
  57. ↑ Burgess, Dave (18 July 2011). "Push to extend Wellington airport". The Dominion Post. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
  58. ↑ Upper Hutt City Council (2013-03-06). "Strong support for runway extension". Scoop.co.nz.
  59. ↑ Paul Easton and Tim Donoghue (2013-03-07). "Mayor seeks action over runway plan". The Dominion Post.
  60. ↑ 'Calls for Wellington Airport to extend runway' on 3News website, dated 2013-01-03, viewed 2013-01-07
  61. ↑ "Guangzhou set to allow 72-hr visa-free visits-Society-chinadaily.com.cn". Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  62. ↑ "Wellington International Airport – Singapore Airlines to make history with new 'Capital Express' service". www.wellingtonairport.co.nz. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  63. ↑ Walker, Nick. "Singapore Airlines flights raise hopes for Wellington runway extension". www.newstalkzb.co.nz. Retrieved 2016-03-10.
  64. 1 2 3 "History – Wellington Airport runway extension". www.connectwellington.co.nz.
  65. ↑ Eames, Jim (2015). The Flying Kangaroo. Allen & Unwin. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-76011-355-1.
  66. ↑ "Qantas Use Of 747SP in the 1980s". Airliners.net forum. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
  67. ↑ "Red, White And Q Farewell For Qantas Aircraft". Qantas Airways. 4 March 2002. Retrieved 6 November 2015.
  68. ↑ Greer McDonald and Nick Churchouse (20 February 2008). "New design for airport terminal 'hideous'". The Dominion Post. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
  69. ↑ "The Rock Takes Shape At Wellington Airport". NZPA. 1 February 2010.
  70. ↑ "Airport Retail Park". ArcHaus Architects. Archived from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2007.
  71. ↑ "Wellington Airport Masterplan January 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  72. ↑ "Airport unveils $40m terminal plans". Stuff. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  73. ↑ "Airport gives expansion details". Stuff. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
  74. ↑ "Travelling to/from the Airport". Metlink Wellington. 15 July 2018. Archived from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  75. ↑ "Ngauranga to Wellington Airport Corridor Plan" (PDF). GWRC. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
  76. ↑ Blast from the past, The Wings Over New Zealand Aviation Forum. Retrieved Aug 19, 2016
  77. ↑ Retired wing commander remembers near miss, Dominion Post March 13, 2013. Retrieved Aug 19, 2016
  78. ↑ "ASN Aircraft accident..." Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
  79. ↑ The Dominion, 9 October 1991, p.3; The Dominion, 24 June 1999, p3
  80. ↑ "1991 – 2732 – Flight Archive". Retrieved 7 June 2015.
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