Water for injection

Water for injection
Sterile water for injection
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com FDA Professional Drug Information
ATC code
Identifiers
CAS Number
ChemSpider
Chemical and physical data
Formula H2O

Water for injection is water of extra high quality without significant contamination.[1] A sterile version is used for making solutions that will be given by injection.[2] Before such use other substances generally must be added to make the solution more or less isotonic.[3] It can be given by injection into a vein, muscle, or under the skin.[4] A non-sterile version may be used in manufacturing with sterilization occurring later in the production process.[5]

If it is given by injection into a vein without making it more or less isotonic, breakdown of red blood cells may occur.[3] This can than result in kidney problems.[3] Excessive amount may also result in fluid overload.[4] Water for injection is generally made by distillation or reverse osmosis.[5] It should contain less than a mg of elements other than water per 100 ml.[5] Versions with agents that stop bacterial growth are also available.[5]

It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[6] Water for injection is available over the counter.[3] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about 0.03 to 0.15 USD per 10 ml vial.[7] In the United Kingdom this amount cost the NHS 0.25 to 1.40 pounds.[8]

Other names

Aqua ad iniectabilia or aqua ad injectionem

References

  1. ↑ "<1232> Water for Pharmaceutical Purposes" (PDF). hmc.usp.org. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 March 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  2. ↑ WHO Model Formulary 2008 (PDF). World Health Organization. 2009. p. 493. ISBN 9789241547659. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Sterile Water for Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  4. 1 2 "Water for Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Ghosh, Tapash K.; Jasti, Bhaskara R. (2004). Theory and Practice of Contemporary Pharmaceutics. CRC Press. p. 396. ISBN 9780203644478. Archived from the original on 2017-01-16.
  6. ↑ "WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List)" (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  7. ↑ "Water for Injection". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  8. ↑ British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 685. ISBN 9780857111562.
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