Wanapum Dam

Wanapum Dam
Dam viewed from downstream on the west bank
Official name Wanapum Dam
Location Grant / Kittitas counties, Washington
Coordinates 46°52′31″N 119°58′16″W / 46.875213°N 119.971004°W / 46.875213; -119.971004Coordinates: 46°52′31″N 119°58′16″W / 46.875213°N 119.971004°W / 46.875213; -119.971004
Construction began 1959
Opening date 1963
Construction cost US$93,277,690[1]
Dam and spillways
Impounds Columbia River
Height 185 feet (56 m)[1]
Length 8,320 feet (2,540 m)[1]
Reservoir
Creates Lake Wanapum
Total capacity 796,000 acre feet (982,000,000 m3)
Power Station
Commission date 1963
Turbines 10 x 104 MW Kaplan-type[2]
Installed capacity 1,040 megawatts (1,390,000 hp)
Pacific Northwest River System

Wanapum Dam is a hydroelectric project located on the Columbia River downstream (south) from Vantage, Washington where Interstate 90 crosses the Columbia from Grant County into Kittitas County. It is owned by the Grant County Public Utility District. Its reservoir is named Lake Wanapum.

The dam, and its lake, are named after the Wanapum Indians. The dam has a rated capacity of 1,040 megawatts and annually generates over 4 million megawatt-hours.[3]

History

The Wanapum dam was originally licensed in 1955 for a period of 50 years. Construction was initiated in 1959 with initial beneficial operation in 1963. The initial license expired in 2005, after which the Grant County PUD operated the dam on yearly license extensions while negotiations for license extension proceeded. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission approved a license extension of 44 years for both the Wanapum dam and the downstream Priest Rapids Dam on April 17, 2008. The license extension was conditioned upon programs to achieve the following goals:[4]

  • modernize the power generation capability of the dam
  • monitor water quality
  • improve wildlife habitat
  • protect nearly 700 Wanapum Tribe archaeological sites in the vicinity
  • enhance recreation with new campsites, picnic areas and trails

Spillway crack

On February 27, 2014, a 2-inch (5 cm) wide crack was discovered by inspection divers on one of the 65 feet (20 m) tall concrete monoliths that make up the spillway of the dam. A spokesman for the Grant County PUD indicated that the level of the water was to be lowered by 26 feet (8 m) over a period of days to "reduce the pressure on the spillway while inspectors investigate".

During the time that the water level was lowered for repairs, all beaches and water access in the area above the dam were closed to protect sensitive cultural resources and help to ensure public safety. Public access was restored in the spring of 2015.

After an 11-week inspection, the primary reason for the crack was determined to be a mathematical error during the pre-construction design of the dam. Repairs of the cracked monolith and the strengthening of the remaining monoliths were made in 2014-2015.[5] The $61 million fix, used steel cabling and rods to stitch the dam to the bedrock underneath.[6][7]

Basalt bluff over the Columbia River near Wanapum Dam
Vantage Bridge crossing Wanapum Lake

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Grant County Public Utility District Website
  2. ↑ "Hydroelectric Plants in Washington". IndustCards. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
  3. ↑ Grant County Public Utility District Website
  4. ↑ "License OK'd for Columbia Dams". Tri-City Herald. Kennewick, WA: McClatchy Company. 2008-04-20. p. A6.
  5. ↑ Wanapum Dam Spillway Response, website of Grant PUD, accessed 2014-08-20.
  6. ↑ Crack In Wanapum Dam A Symptom Of Several Big Problems by Anna King, nw news network, May 13, 2014. Retrieved on 2014-08-20.
  7. ↑ Stredwick, Tom. "Grant PUD News." Grant PUD News. Grant County Public Utility Department, 17 Mar. 2015. Web. 01 Apr. 2015|url=http://www.grantpud.org/blog/?p=1496
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