Vivian Lee

Vivian Lee
Vivian Lee, c. 2010
Born September 1966 (1966-09) (age 52)
Morristown, New Jersey
Nationality American
Alma mater Harvard Medical School
University of Oxford
Duke University
Harvard-Radcliffe College
NYU Stern School of Business
Known for CEO of University of Utah Health Care[1]
Awards National Academy of Medicine
Scientific career
Fields Radiology
Health Administration
Education
Author
Research

Vivian S. Lee is an American radiologist and health care executive. A Senior Fellow at the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)[2] in Cambridge, Massachusetts and an NIH-funded investigator at the University of Utah,[3] she is a member of the Commonwealth Fund Board of Directors,[4] the JAMA Journal Oversight Committee,[5] and the Society of Medical Administrators.

Raised in Norman, Oklahoma and trained in biomedical engineering and medicine, Lee established an NIH-funded research program in magnetic resonance imaging at NYU. She was elected Fellow of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM)[6] in 2006 and served as the President in 2008-2009. For her scientific discoveries, she was elected to the American Society of Clinical Investigation[7] and the National Academy of Medicine.[8]

Among her leadership roles in academic medicine, Lee served as the inaugural Chief Scientific Officer and Vice Dean for Science at NYU Langone Medical Center, and prior to that as the Vice-Chair for Research in the Department of Radiology. For six years, she served as the CEO of University of Utah Health, Dean of the University of Utah School of Medicine and senior vice-president for health sciences of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City. During her tenure as Dean, she was elected to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC)[9] Council of Deans Administrative Board. She is also a member of the advisory boards of the Massachusetts General Hospital[10] and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.[11]

Lee has studied the management and improvement of health care, with an emphasis on data measurement and feedback to create learning health systems and her work has demonstrated the virtuous cycle of improved patient-centeredness, higher quality with better outcomes, and lower costs.

She is married to international legal scholar Benedict Kingsbury.[12] Lee also serves on the Board of Directors of the American Association of Rhodes Scholars, and is also a Director of Zions Bancorporation and Merrimack Pharmaceuticals.

Education and Training

A U.S. Presidential Scholar and National Merit Scholar, Lee graduated from Norman High School, in Norman, Oklahoma in 1983.

Lee graduated from Harvard-Radcliffe College magna cum laude in 1986 before receiving a Rhodes Scholarship to study at University of Oxford where she received a doctorate in medical engineering.[13] She then earned an M.D. with honors from Harvard Medical School and subsequently completed a residency in diagnostic radiology at Duke University[13] and a fellowship in MRI at NYU Medical Center.

In 2006, she completed a Master of Business Administration degree at NYU's Stern School of Business, graduating as valedictorian. She later delivered the commencement speech for the class of 2017.[14]

Research in MRI

Funded initially while an MRI fellow and subsequently by the NIH, Lee's initial work developed methods to measure kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and perfusion, noninvasively using ultra-low dose gadolinium-contrast enhanced MRI.[15][16] These techniques were applied to the improved diagnosis of renovascular disease,[17] renal transplant dysfunction,[18] and renal function in cirrhosis.[19] Extensions of this work include the use of MR methods to measure tissue hypoxia[20] and tubular function.[21]

While a part of the NYU MRI research team, Lee contributed to multiple advances in clinical body MRI, including pioneering 3D (volumetric) liver imaging for routine clinical care and for improved detection of hepatocellular carcinoma,[22] improved methods for assessing vascular disease with 3D gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography[23] and venography,[24] and improved surgical planning for living related transplant donor planning in liver and kidney transplantation.[25][26]

As the director of Cardiothoracic MR imaging at NYU, Lee developed new MR methods for fast cardiac imaging[27] and for improved detection of myocardial infarcts.[28] Subsequently, Lee's NIH funded research focused on the development of non-contrast-enhanced methods for vascular MR imaging, and functional calf muscle studies that assess exercise-induced "stress-rest" performance in patients with suspected peripheral vascular disease.[29][30][31]

A popular lecturer who has received multiple teaching awards, Lee authored a textbook entitled Cardiovascular MRI: Physical Principles to Practical Protocols (Lippincott 2006).

Administrative and Leadership roles

NYU Langone Medical Center

During her 5-year tenure as Vice-Chair for Research in Radiology, Lee helped build a research administrative infrastructure that enabled the department, previously unranked in NIH research funding, to reach the top 20.[32] During that time, NYU Langone was also the first U.S. site to install a whole body 7 Tesla MRI scanner.[33]

In 2007, Lee became the inaugural Vice Dean for Science, Chief Scientific Officer and Senior Vice-President, serving as a member of NYU's executive leadership team. Initiatives as Chief Scientific Officer included establishing a new philanthropically-funded Neurosciences Institute[34] and a new NIH-funded Center for Translational Science Institute (CTSI),[35] upgrading core facilities, educational initiatives in grantsmanship, and establishment of a new Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics[36] and a new Department of Statistics and Epidemiology. During her four-year tenure, NYU's ranking among NIH-funded schools of medicine increased from #36 to #26, and continued to rise thereafter.[32]

International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM)

While at NYU, Lee held a number of leadership positions in the ISMRM, the preeminent professional organization of clinical and research MR scientists. She served on the Board of Trustees from 2002-2010, President 2008-2009, and as Scientific Program Chair for 2005 Annual ISMRM meeting. During her tenure, the ISMRM increased financial reserves, enhanced clinician membership and supported sustainability efforts through new "virtual" meetings.

University of Utah

From 2011 to 2017, Lee served as Senior Vice-President for Health Sciences, Dean of the School of Medicine, and the CEO of University of Utah Health. Lee was responsible for an academic health sciences complex that includes five major schools (School of Medicine, School of Dentistry, and Colleges of Nursing, Pharmacy and Health) and a health care system comprising four hospitals, dozens of clinical and research specialty centers, a network of 12 Salt Lake City-area health centers, a regional affiliate network of 19 partner facilities, a health plan, and over 1,400 board-certified physicians. Under her leadership, the University of Utah established a new School of Dentistry, the first new academic dental school in the nation in over 25 years, graduating its first class in 2017.[37]

Work at the University of Utah

Lee led University of Utah Health to recognition for its health care delivery system innovations[38] that enable higher quality at lower costs[39][40][41] and with higher patient satisfaction,[42][43][44][45] as well as successful strategies of faculty development and mentorship.[46][47] In 2012, the University of Utah become the first health system in the country to post patient reviews online.[48]

In 2016, University of Utah was ranked first among university hospitals in quality and safety,[49] with NYU Langone and Mayo Clinic rounding out the top three. That year marked the 7th consecutive year that the University of Utah was ranked in the top 10 in quality in the nation. The University's health insurance plan acquired a commercial license, grew five-fold, and was successful in the individual exchange. Improved financial performance of the clinical enterprise enabled increased support and growth of education, research, and community service initiatives.

As Dean, Lee led the significant expansion of the School of Medicine class size from 82 to 125 students per year with increased ongoing state funding.[50] A number of significant philanthropic commitments were made during her tenure, including the establishment of a new Rehabilitation Hospital,[51] funding for a number of research initiatives including the Utah Genome Project,[52] the Center for Medical Innovation,[53] and Driving Out Diabetes: A Larry H. Miller Family Foundation Wellness Initiative,[54] as well as both private and state funding for a new School of Medicine building.[55] During her tenure, the University of Utah's health sciences budget grew 50 percent to over $3.5 billion.

Utah Genome Project

Early in her tenure at the University of Utah, Lee announced the Utah Genome Project as a cornerstone of the University of Utah's biomedical research strategy.[56][57] The Utah Genome Project is "a large-scale genome sequence and analysis initiative to discover new disease-causing genes," and is unique among genome initiatives because it uncovers genetic signatures of disease and drug response in large families. The University, one of the few sites selected to conduct large scale mapping for the Human Genome Project[58] and the International HapMap Project,[59] had previously identified important disease-causing genes such as BRCA1, breast and ovarian cancer gene, APC colon cancer gene, and KCNH2 cardiac arrhythmia gene, among more than 30 others.[60] Among the industry partnerships developed to advance genomic research as part of the Utah Genome Project included Regeneron,[61] Omicia,[62] and Janssen Research and Development.[63]

In September 2014, the University of Utah accepted a controversial $12 million donation from billionaire entrepreneur Patrick Soon-Shiong for the "Chan Soon-Shiong Heritage 1K Project" under the umbrella of Lee's signature Utah Genome Project. The contract governing the tax-deductible gift led to the University paying $10 million of the donation to NantHealth, a company founded by Soon-Shiong, for genetic testing services.[64][65][66][67] On April 25, 2017, Greg Hughes, Speaker of the Utah House of Representatives, stated that the Utah Legislature was considering an investigation into the questionable donation.[68][69][70] Stat News reported on May 3, 2017, that the Utah legislative investigation was in its early stages, reviewing documents and conducting interviews about the contract with NantHealth and the donation from Soon-Shiong.[71] State auditors found that "the U of U should have conducted a competitive procurement process. The university believes it did not need to conduct a competitive procurement because it was an allowable exception to the competitive process." The auditors disagreed with the University's position, "Because the request to use his company was not ... a condition of the donation, it did not meet the exception requirements of state [procurement] code." The audit also noted positively that "University scientists have used data generated during the H1K project to obtain $7.6 million in new money and up to $43.7 million in furthered research," leading to the identification of 34 gene mutations in diseases including multiple cancers and other conditions.[72][73][74][75][76][77]

Huntsman Cancer Institute Controversy

Lee became embroiled in a public controversy when University leadership fired Huntsman Cancer Institute CEO, Dr. Mary Beckerle, on April 17, 2017. Lee and university leadership were publicly criticized for the move by HCI's founder and prime benefactor, billionaire philanthropist Jon Huntsman, Sr.[78] The decision prompted public protests by University of Utah faculty and staff,[79] including an online petition calling for University leadership to reverse the decision and reinstate Beckerle.[80] Jon Huntsman, Sr., publicly called for Lee and University President David W. Pershing to be fired from their leadership positions on April 21, 2017,[81][82] questioning their ethics and predicting that the governor and state legislature would become involved to ensure their removal.[83] On April 22, 2017, the Editorial Board of the Salt Lake Tribune (a newspaper owned by a member of the Huntsman family) called for Lee's removal as the "only remedy in this case."[84] The University Board of Trustees met with Pershing and Lee on April 25, 2017.[85] Within hours after the meeting, Pershing released a written statement announcing that Beckerle was immediately resuming her service as CEO and Director of Huntsman Cancer Institute and would report directly to the President of the University.[86][87][88] Pershing's announcement signaled that Lee would no longer oversee the Huntsman Cancer Institute, raising questions about the future direction of the University Health system.[89] Huntsman stated that a planned donation of $250M dollars would have been withheld unless the university's decision was reversed and Dr. Berkerle reinstated. He also called the university's action, which he attributed to Lee, a "terribly, terribly unethical act." [90] On 28 April, Lee announced via email that, effective the same day, she was stepping down as the university's senior vice president for health sciences, dean of the medical school, and CEO of the healthcare system.[91][92] She retains her appointment as a tenured professor of radiology. As part of her contract, Lee retained her salary of more than $1 million for one year after resigning her administrative position. [93] After her resignation, local reporters at the Deseret News discovered more details about the dispute over finances with Huntsman Cancer Institute, including demands for substantial increases in financial transfers from the University to the Huntsman Cancer Institute. [94] [95]

Awards and recognition

In her academic career Lee was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Oxford University, and received the Chang-Lin Tien Leadership award[96] in 2009. She was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in October 2015.[97]

Currently, she is on the board of directors at Zions Bank, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, and the American Association of Rhodes Scholars. She is part of the Journal of the American Medical Association Journal Oversight Committee, the National Advisory Committee for the Health Care Delivery System Reform Program of The Commonwealth Fund, the Scientific Advisory Board of Massachusetts General Hospital, the Council of Councils of the National Institutes of Health, and the Administrative Board of the Council of Deans for the Association of American Medical Colleges.

Publications

  • Lee VS, Blanchfield, BB, Disentangling Health Care Billing For Patients’ Physical and Financial Health. Journal of the American Medical Association Network, February 20, 2018, 319(7):661-663. DOI:10.1001/jama.2017.19966
  • Lee VS, Transparency and Trust—Online Patient Reviews of Physicians, New England Journal of Medicine, Perspective, January 19, 2017, N Engl J Med 2017; 376:197-199, doi:10.1056/NEJMp1610136
  • Lee VS, Why Doctors Shouldn’t Be Afraid of Online Reviews, Harvard Business Review, March 29, 2016
  • Lee VS, Miller T, Daniels C, Paine M, Gresh B, Betz L, Creating the Exceptional Patient Experience in One Academic Health System. Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, March 2016, Volume 91 – Issue 3 – p 338-344
  • Kawamoto K, Martin CJ, Williams K, Tu MC, Park CG, Hunter C, Staes CJ, Bray BE, Deshmukh VG, Holbrook RA, Morris SJ, Fedderson MB, Sletta A, Turnbull J, Mulvihill, SJ, Crabtree GL, Entwistle DE, McKenna QL, Strong MB, Pendleton RC,[98] Lee VS. Value Driven Outcomes (VDO): a Pragmatic, Modular, and Extensible Software Framework for Understanding and Improving Health Care Costs and Outcomes. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, Online, Nov 13, 2014
  • Lee VS, Redesigning Metrics to Integrate Professionalism Into the Governance of Health Care,[99] JAMA, May 12, 2015, Vol 313, No. 18
  • Zhang JL, Morrell G, Rusinek H, Warner L, Vivier P-H, Cheung AK, Lerman L, Lee VS. Measurement of renal tissue oxygenation with Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) MRI and oxygen transit modeling.[100] Am J Physiology – Renal Physiology 2014;306(6):F579 –87
  • Sigmund EE, Vivier PH, Sui D, Lamparello N, Mikeev A, Rusinek H, Babb J, Storey P, Lee VS, Chandarana H. Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in renal tissue under hydration and furosemide flow challenges.[101] Radiology 2012; 263(3):758-69
  • Lee VS, Spritzer CE, Carroll BA, Pool LG, Bernstein MA, Heinle SK, MacFall JR. Flow quantification using fast cine phase-contrast (PC) MR imaging, conventionalcine PC MR imaging, and Doppler sonography: in vitro and in vivo validation.[102] AJR 1997; 169:1125-1131.
  • Lee VS, Lavelle MT, Rofsky NM, Laub G, Thomasson D, Krinsky GA, Weinreb JC. Hepatic MR imaging with a dynamic contrast-enhanced isotropic volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination: Feasibility, reproducibility, and technical quality.[103] Radiology2000; 215:365-372.
  • Lee VS, Resnick D, Bundy JM, Simonetti OP, Lee P, Weinreb JC. Cardiac function: MR evaluation in one breath hold with real-time true fast imaging with steady-state precession.[104] Radiology 2002; 222:835-842.
  • Pandharipande PV, Krinsky GA, Rusinek H, Lee VS. Perfusion imaging of the liver: Current challenges and future goals.[105] Radiology 2005; 234(3): 661-673.
  • Lee VS, Rusinek H, Bokacheva L, Huang AJ, Oesingmann N, Chen Q, Kaur M, Prince K, Song T, Kramer EL, Leonard EF. Renal function measurements from MR renography and amulticompartmental model.[106] Am J Physiology—Renal Physiol 2007; 292;F1548-1559.
  • Miyazaki M, Lee VS. Non-enhanced MR angiography: State-of-the-Art.[107] Radiology, 2008:248(1):20-43.

References

  1. ↑ "Vivian S. Lee, MD, PhD, MBA", University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, Retrieved on 14 March 2017.
  2. ↑ "About IHI". Ihi.org. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  3. ↑ Archived 2018-02-20 at the Wayback Machine.
  4. ↑ "Board of Directors - Commonwealth Fund". Commonwealthfund.org. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  5. ↑ "About This Journal". JAMA. 308 (8): 741. 22 August 2012. doi:10.1001/jama.308.8.741. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  6. ↑ "Vivian Lee, M.D., Ph.D., M.B.A." Ismrm.org. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  7. ↑
  8. ↑ "High Honor for the U of U Medical School's Vivian S. Lee, Mario R. Capecchi: Election to the National Academy of Medicine - University of Utah Health". Healthcare.utah.edu. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  9. ↑ "AAMC". Aamc.org. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  10. ↑ "Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA". Massgeneral.org. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  11. ↑ "About - School of Medicine - University of Pittsburgh". Medschool.pitt.edu. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  12. ↑ "Benedict Kingsbury - Overview - NYU School of Law". its.law.nyu.edu. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  13. 1 2 Maffly, Brian. "University of Utah's new health science chief has high hopes for flagship's future", The Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake City, UT, 2 January 2012. Retrieved on 14 March 2017.
  14. ↑ "Tales in Possible : Celebrate Possible 2017 Executive MBA Graduation Ceremony". Stern.nyu.edu. Retrieved 2018-03-31.
  15. ↑ Lee VS, Rusinek H, Johnson G, Rofsky NM, Krinsky GA, Weinreb JC. MR renography with low-dose gadopentetate dimeglumine: feasibility. Radiology 2001; 221:371-379. PMC 11687678
  16. ↑ Lee VS, Rusinek H, Noz M, Lee P, Raghavan M, Kramer EL. Dynamic three-dimensional MR renography for the measurement of single kidney function—Initial experience. Radiology 2003; 227:289-294. PMC 12615998
  17. ↑ Zhang JL, Rusinek H, Bokacheva L, Lim RP, Chen Q, Storey P, Prince K, Hecht EM, Kim DC, Lee VS. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-enhanced MR renography: repeated measures of GFR and RPF in hypertensive patients. Am J Physiol -- Renal Physiol 2009; 296(4):F884-91. UI: 19158343. PMC 2670643
  18. ↑ Yamamoto A, Zhang JL, Rusinek H, Chandarana H, Babb J, Diflo T, John D, Benstein J, Barisoni L, Vivier PH, Stoffel D, Lee VS. Quantitative evaluation of acute renal transplant dysfunction with low-dose 3D MR renography. Radiology 2011; 260(3):781-9
  19. ↑ Vivier PH, Storey P, Rusinek H, Zhang JL, Yamamoto A, Tantillo K, Khan U, Lim RP, Babb JS, John D, Teperman LW, Chandarana H, Friedman K, Benstein JA, Skolnik EY, Lee VS. Kidney function: Glomerular filtration rate measurement with MR renography in patients with cirrhosis. Radiology 2011; 259(2):462-70. PMC 21386050
  20. ↑ Zhang JL, Morrell G, Rusinek H, Warner L, Vivier P-H, Cheung AK, Lerman L, Lee VS. Measurement of renal tissue oxygenation with Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) MRI and oxygen transit modeling. Am J Physiol -- Renal Physiol 2014;306(6):F579 -87
  21. ↑ Lee VS, Rusinek H, Bokacheva L, Huang AJ, Oesingmann N, Chen Q, Kaur M, Prince K, Song T, Kramer EL, Leonard EF. Renal function measurements from MR renography and a multicompartmental model. Am J Physiology—Renal Physiol 2007; 292; F1548-1559. PMC 17213464
  22. ↑ Krinsky GA, Lee VS, Theise ND, Weinreb JC, Rofsky NM, Diflo T, Teperman LW. Hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic nodules in patients with cirrhosis: prospective diagnosis with MR imaging and transplant correlation. Radiology 2001; 219:445-454.
  23. ↑ Pandharipande PV*, Lee VS, Reuss PM, Charles HW, Rosen RJ, Rofsky NM. Two-station bolus-chase MR angiography with a stationary table: A simple alternative to automated-table techniques. AJR 2002; 179:1583-1589.
  24. ↑ Shinde TS, Lee VS, Rofsky NM, Krinsky GA, Weinreb JC. Three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR venographic evaluation of central veins in the thorax: Initial experience. Radiology 1999; 213:555-560.
  25. ↑ Lee VS, Krinsky GA, Nazzaro CA, Chang JS, Babb JS, Lin JC, Morgan GR, Teperman LW. Defining intrahepatic biliary anatomy in living liver transplant donor candidates at mangafodipir trisodium-enhanced MR cholangiography versus conventional T2-weighted MR cholangiography. Radiology 2004; 233: 659-666. PMC 15516606
  26. ↑ Israel GM, Lee VS, Edye M, Krinsky GA, Lavelle MT, Diflo T, Weinreb JC. Comprehensive MR imaging evaluation of living donor candidates of laparoscopic nephrectomy: Initial experience. Radiology 2002; 225:427-432. PMC 12409576
  27. ↑ Lee VS, Resnick D, Bundy JM, Simonetti OP, Lee P, Weinreb JC. Cardiac function: MR evaluation in one breath hold with real-time true fast imaging with steady-state precession. Radiology 2002; 222:835-842. PMC 11867810
  28. ↑ Lee VS, Resnick D, Tiu SS, Sanger JJ, Nazzaro CA, Israel GM, Simonetti OP. MR imaging evaluation of myocardial viability in the setting of equivocal SPECT results with 99mTc sestamibi. Radiology 2004; 230:191-197.
  29. ↑ Miyazaki M, Lee VS. Non-enhanced MR angiography: State-of-the-Art. Radiology, 2008; 248(1):20-43. PMC 1856168
  30. ↑ Lim RP, Fan Z, Chatterji M, Baadh A, Atanasova IP, Storey P, Kim DC, Kim S, Hodnett PA, Ahmad A, Stoffel DR, Babb JS, Adelman MA, Xu J, Li D, Lee VS. Comparison of non-contrast-enchanced MRA subtraction techniques for the infragenual arteries at 1.5 T: A Preliminary Study. Radiology 2013 267:293-304.
  31. ↑ Storey P, Otazo R, Lim RP, Kim S, Fleysher L, Oesingmann N, Lee VS, Sodickson DK. Exploiting sparsity to accelerate noncontrast MR angiography in the context of parallel imaging. Magn Reson Med 2012; 67(5):1391-1400. PMC 3291797
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  36. ↑ "Re:Search Report 2008" (PDF). Nyulangone.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-06-10. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  37. ↑ Leonard, Wendy (2015-04-08). "Utah's first academic dental school is up and running". DeseretNews.com. Retrieved 2018-04-19.
  38. ↑ "Home - Algorithms for Innovation". uofuhealth.utah.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-19.
  39. ↑ Lee, Vivian S.; Kawamoto, Kensaku; Hess, Rachel; Park, Charlton; Young, Jeffrey; Hunter, Cheri; Johnson, Steven; Gulbransen, Sandi; Pelt, Christopher E. (2016-09-13). "Implementation of a Value-Driven Outcomes Program to Identify High Variability in Clinical Costs and Outcomes and Association With Reduced Cost and Improved Quality". JAMA. 316 (10). doi:10.1001/jama.2016.12226. ISSN 0098-7484.
  40. ↑ Porter, Michael E.; Lee, Thomas H. (2016-09-13). "From Volume to Value in Health Care". JAMA. 316 (10). doi:10.1001/jama.2016.11698. ISSN 0098-7484.
  41. ↑ Kolata, Gina (2015-09-07). "What Are a Hospital's Costs? Utah System Is Trying to Learn". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-04-19.
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  46. ↑ Byington C, Keenan H, Phillips JD, Childs R, Wachs E, Berzins MA, Clark K, Torres MK, Abramson J, Lee VS,Clark EB. A matrix mentoring model effectively supports clinical and translational scientists and increases inclusion in biomedical research. Acad Med. 2016; 91(4):497-502.
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  84. ↑ "Tribune Editorial: It is time for new leadership at the University of Utah and its Health Sciences colleges". Sltrib.com. Retrieved 2017-04-22.
  85. ↑ "University Shifts Course, Reinstating Head Of Huntsman Cancer Institute". Kuer.org. Retrieved 2017-04-25.
  86. ↑ "Cancer institute reinstates director after uproar from staff and funder". Sciencemag.org. Retrieved 2017-04-25.
  87. ↑ "After a Week of Protest, U. of Utah Cancer Researcher Is Reinstated". Chronicle.com. Retrieved 2017-04-25.
  88. ↑ "After protests, a fired cancer center director gets her job back". Statnews.com. Retrieved 2017-04-25.
  89. ↑ "What now? Rift exposes tensions in University of Utah health care system". Deseretnews.com. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
  90. ↑ "Huntsman: Firing nearly cost University of Utah $250 million". Deseretnews.com. Retrieved 2017-04-27.
  91. ↑ "U. Health Care CEO Vivian Lee resigns after cancer institute controversy". Sltrib.com. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  92. ↑ "Dr. Vivian Lee resigns post at University of Utah - KSL.com". Ksl.com. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  93. ↑ "Dr. Lee to keep $1 million salary from university for one year as fallout continues". Deseretnews.com. Retrieved 2017-05-06.
  94. ↑ "The inside story: Power and money at center of U. controversy". Deseretnews.com. Retrieved 2017-05-06.
  95. ↑ "Inside the newsroom: Uncovering the story of the U. and Huntsman Cancer Institute". Deseretnews.com. Retrieved 2017-05-06.
  96. ↑ Education Leadership Award, Chang-Lin Tien. "Vivian Lee".
  97. ↑ "NAM Elects 80 New Members", National Academy of Medicine, 19 October 2015. Retrieved on 14 March 2017.
  98. ↑ Kawamoto K; Martin CJ; Williams K; Tu MC; Park CG; Hunter C; Staes CJ; Bray BE; Deshmukh VG; Holbrook RA; Morris SJ; Fedderson MB; Sletta A; Turnbull J; Mulvihill, SJ; Crabtree GL; Entwistle DE; McKenna QL; Strong MB; Pendleton RC; November 2014, "Lee VS. Value Driven Outcomes (VDO): a Pragmatic, Modular, and Extensible Software Framework for Understanding and Improving Health Care Costs and Outcomes" Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association Volume 22, Issue 4
  99. ↑ Lee, VS, May, 2015, "Redesigning Metrics to Integrate Professionalism Into the Governance of Health Care", Journal of the American Medical Association, Volume 323, Issue 18, doi:10.1001
  100. ↑ Lee, VS; Zhang JL; Morrell, G; Rusinek, H; Warner, L; Vivier, PH; Cheung, AK; Lerman, LO; March, 2014, "Measurement of renal tissue oxygenation with blood oxygen level-dependent MRI and oxygen transit modeling", American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology, Volume 306, Issue 6, F579-87, doi: 10.1152
  101. ↑ Lee, VS; Sigmund, EE1; Vivier, PH; Sui, D; Lamparello, NA; Tantillo, K; Mikheev, A; Rusinek, H; Babb, JS; Storey, P; Chandarana, H; April, 2012, "Intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion-tensor imaging in renal tissue under hydration and furosemide flow challenges", Radiology, Volume 263, Issue 3, 758-69
  102. ↑ Lee, Vivian S.; Spritzer CE; Caroll BA; Pool LG Bernstein MA; Heinle SK; MacFall JR (1997). "Flow quantification using fast cine phase-contrast (PC) MR imaging, conventionalcine PC MR imaging, and Doppler sonography: in vitro and in vivo validation". American Journal of Roentgenology. 169: 1125–1131. doi:10.2214/ajr.169.4.9308476. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
  103. ↑ Lee, Vivian S. "Hepatic MR imaging with a dynamic contrast-enhanced isotropic volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination: feasibility, reproducibility, and technical quality". American Journal of Roentgenology. 169: 1125–1131. doi:10.2214/ajr.169.4.9308476. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
  104. ↑ Lee, Vivian. "Cardiac function: MR evaluation in one breath hold with real-time true fast imaging with steady-state precession". Radiology. 222: 835–42. doi:10.1148/radiol.2223011156. PMID 11867810.
  105. ↑ Lee, Vivian; Pandharipande PV; Krinsky GA; Rusinek H (2005). "Perfusion Imaging of the Liver: Current Challenges and Future Goals" (PDF). Radiology. 234: 661–673. doi:10.1148/radiol.2343031362. PMID 15734925.
  106. ↑ Lee, Vivian; Rusinek H; Bokacheva L; Huang AJ; Oesingmann N; Chen Q; Kaur M; Prince K; Song T; Kramer EL; Leonard EF (2007). "Renal function measurements from MR renography and a simplified multicompartmental model". American Journal of Physiology. 292: 1548–1559.
  107. ↑ Lee, Vivian; Miyazaki M (2008). "Nonenhanced MR Angiography". Radiology. 248: 20–43. doi:10.1148/radiol.2481071497. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
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