Tupuangi Formation

Tupuangi Formation
Stratigraphic range: Cenomanian-Turonian
Type Geological formation
Unit of Waihere Bay Group
Sub-units Kokowai Allomember, Waihere Allomember, Morgan's Hollow Allomember
Underlies Kahuitara Tuff
Overlies Unseen
Thickness Not bounded, 430 m (1,410 ft) exposed onshore, possibly 700 m (2,300 ft) offshore
Lithology
Primary Sandstone, siltstone
Other Conglomerate
Location
Region Oceania
Country  New Zealand
Extent Pitt Island, Chatham Islands
Type section
Named for Tupuangi, Pitt Island
Location Northern end of Waihere Bay
Coordinates 44°15′32.8″S 176°14′57.1″W / 44.259111°S 176.249194°W / -44.259111; -176.249194Coordinates: 44°15′32.8″S 176°14′57.1″W / 44.259111°S 176.249194°W / -44.259111; -176.249194
Approximate paleocoordinates 78°54′S 135°54′W / 78.9°S 135.9°W / -78.9; -135.9
Thickness at type section ~400 m (1,300 ft)

The Tupuangi Formation is a geological formation in New Zealand, only exposed on Pitt Island in the Chatham Islands. It is the oldest exposed sedimentary unit within the archipelago. It was deposited in terrestrial deltaic to paralic conditions during the Cenomanian to Turonian stages of the Late Cretaceous. During this time period the Chatham Islands were attached to Antarctica within the Antarctic Circle, at approximately 70° to 80° south. The lithology consists of a basal congolomerate, which grades into sandstone and carbonaceous siltstone in the upper part of the formation.[1] The formation is notable for its fossil content, including many varieties of plant[2][3][4], as well as insects.[5]

References

  1. ↑ Mays, Chris; Stilwell, Jeffrey D. (2013-05). "Pollen and spore biostratigraphy of the mid-Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, New Zealand". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 192: 79–102. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.12.008. ISSN 0034-6667. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ↑ Pole, Mike; Philippe, Marc (2010-09). "Cretaceous plant fossils of Pitt Island, the Chatham group, New Zealand". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 34 (3): 231–263. doi:10.1080/03115511003659085. ISSN 0311-5518. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ↑ Mays, Chris; Cantrill, David J. (2018-01-04). "Protodammara reimatamoriori, a new species of conifer (Cupressaceae) from the Upper Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, Zealandia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology: 1–13. doi:10.1080/03115518.2017.1417478. ISSN 0311-5518.
  4. ↑ Mays, Chris; Tosolini, Anne-Marie P.; Cantrill, David J.; Stilwell, Jeffrey D. (2015-04). "Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian) macroflora from the Chatham Islands, New Zealand: Bryophytes, lycophytes and pteridophytes". Gondwana Research. 27 (3): 1042–1060. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2014.03.017. ISSN 1342-937X. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ↑ Stilwell, Jeffrey D.; Vitacca, Jesse J.; Mays, Chris (2016-04-21). "South polar greenhouse insects (Arthropoda: Insecta: Coleoptera) from the mid-Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation, Chatham Islands, eastern Zealandia". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 40 (4): 502–508. doi:10.1080/03115518.2016.1144385. ISSN 0311-5518.
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