Treaty of Jaffa

Not to be confused with the 1229 Treaty of Jaffa and Tell Ajul, ending the Sixth Crusade

The Treaty of Jaffa was an agreement during the Crusades. It was signed on 2 September 1192 between the Muslim ruler Saladin and Richard I, King of England, shortly after the July–August 1192 Battle of Jaffa. The treaty guaranteed a three-year truce between the two armies.

The treaty guaranteed safe passage of Christians and Muslims through Palestine whilst also stating that the Christians would hold the coast from Tyre to Jaffa. However Ascalon's fortifications were to be demolished and the town returned to Saladin.

Richard left Acre on 9 October 1192.

In 1229 a somewhat similar treaty was signed, also in Jaffa, by Emperor Frederick II, leader of the Sixth Crusade, and Sultan Al-Kamil of Egypt.[1]

Attempted treaties

After the Siege of Acre, King Richard and Saladin had a series of conversations about concluding the Third Crusade. These letters usually contained arguments about religious ownership and who had the right to ownership of Jerusalem. None of these attempts actually resulted in an actual truce. This, of course, was until the Treaty of Jaffa was created due to King Richard Lionheart's need to return to his country, which was inevitably falling apart with his absence. [2]

References

  1. ↑ Philip de Novare (1887). "Medieval Sourcebook: Philip de Novare: Les Gestes des Ciprois, The Crusade of Frederick II, 1228-29". Les Gestes des Ciprois. Gaston Reynaud. pp. 48–50. Archived from the original on 2016-06-11. Retrieved 10 May 2015. The Emperor and his men and all the Syrians left Acre to go to Jaffa. There they held truce conferences with alKamil, who was then Sultan of Babylon and Damascus, [Al-Kamil was, in fact, Sultan of Egypt, and not at this time ruling in Damascus, which was under his nephew, an-Nasir Dawud] and who held Jerusalem and the whole country. As a result of their agreement Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Lydda were thereby turned over to the Emperor.
  2. ↑ Lane-Poole, Stanley (2007). Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Other Press. ISBN 9789839541557.
  • Richard, Jean. The Crusades, p. 328.
  • Tyerman, Christopher. The Crusades. pp. 461, 471
  • Riley-Smith, Jonathan. The Crusades, p. 146
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