Treaty of Ankara (1926)

Treaty of Ankara (1926), commonly known as The Frontier Treaty of 1926
Treaty between the United Kingdom and Iraq and Turkey regarding the settlement of the frontier between Turkey and Iraq, together with notes exchanged.
Type Peace treaty
Context Turkish-Iraq border dispute and Turkish sphere of influence in northern Iraq.
Signed 5th of June 1926
Location Ankara
Signatories Turkey Tevfik Rüştü Aras
United Kingdom Ronald Lindsay
Iraq Nuri al-Said
Parties  Turkey
 United Kingdom
 Iraq
Languages Turkish, English

The Treaty of Ankara (1926), also known as The Frontier Treaty of 1926,(Turkish: Ankara Anlaşması) was signed 5 June 1926 in Ankara by Turkey, United Kingdom and Iraq. The crisis is referred to as "The Mosul question". The treaty following this issue was created to determine the borders between Turkey and Iraq and to regulate their neighborly relations. One important aspect of the treaty was that Turkey although not owing some regions outside it borders, would have the right to engage in militarily conflict if the region would to be destabilized one day. This sphere of influence which is beyond Turkeys modern boundaries mainly covers northern part of Iraq, notably the Mosul and Kirkuk region.[1][2][3]

The treaty

  • The Mosul province will belong to Iraq
  • The "Brussel line"[4] as adopted previously in 1924 as contemporary border will act as the border between Turkey and Iraq.
  • 10% of the oil revenues from Mosul, Iraq will be given to Turkey for 25 years.
  • Turkey has received this payment for 4 years, and gives up on the remaining 21 years of payment in favor of a payment of 500 000 Sterlings from the United Kingdom.

Aftermath

"After the 1926 Treaty, relations between Turkey and Iraq gradually started to improve. In 1928, each side opened legations in the other's capitals and both countries presented their credentials. King Faisal and his ministers made a state visit to the Turkish capital in July 1931, and early in 1932, The Turco-Iraqi Treaties of Residence, Commerce, and Extradition was signed. Although, The Treaty of Bilateral Commerce and Friendship was signed between the Turkish and Iraqi governments in 1932, it was not approved by Britain, which shows the continuation of British control over Iraqi foreign policy after the mandate. In 1937, a non-aggression Treaty was signed with Iraq, called the Saadabad Pact."[2]

  • Treaty of Saadabad - A five year Non-aggression pact signed between Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan on July 8, 1937.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Türkiye-İngiltere ve Irak Hükümetleri Beyninde Ankara'da 05.06.1926 Tarihinde Mün'akit Hudut ve Münasebat-ı Hasene-i Hemcivari Muahedenamesi". ua.mfa.gov.tr. 2017. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
  2. 1 2 ÇOŞAR, NEVİN (2004). "THE MOSUL QUESTıON AND THE TURKıSH REPUBLıC: BEFORE AND AFTER THE FRONTıER TREATY, 1926" (PDF). Ankara University: 1, 44, 55, 59. – via Ankara University.
  3. ↑ "Treaty Between the United Kingdom and Iraq and Turkey Regarding the Settlement of the Frontier Between Turkey and Iraq, Together with Notes Exchanged". The American Journal of International Law. 21 (4): 136–143. 2018 – via Cambridge University Press.
  4. ↑ Mısıroğlu, Kadir (1975). Musul Meselesi ve Irak Türkleri. Istanbul. p. 108.
  5. ↑ League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 190, pp. 22-27.
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