Torreya nucifera
| Torreya nucifera | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Torreya nucifera foliage | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Pinales |
| Family: | Taxaceae (Cephalotaxaceae) |
| Genus: | Torreya |
| Species: | T. nucifera |
| Binomial name | |
| Torreya nucifera | |
Torreya nucifera is a slow-growing, coniferous tree native to southern Japan and to South Korea's Jeju Island. It is also called kaya (榧) Japanese torreya[1] or Japanese nutmeg-yew.
Description
It grows to 15–25 m tall with a trunk up to 1.5 m diameter. The leaves are evergreen, needle-like, 2–3 cm long and 3 mm broad, with a sharply spined tip and two whitish stomatal bands on the underside; they are spirally arranged, but twisted at the base to lie horizontally either side of the stem. It is subdioecious, with individual trees producing either mostly male or mostly female cones, but usually with at least some cones of the other sex present. The male cones are globular, 5–6 mm diameter, in a double row along the underside of a shoot. The female cones are borne in clusters of three to eight together, maturing in 18–20 months to a single seed surrounded by a fleshy layer, 2 cm long and 1.5 cm broad.
Uses
Its wood is prized for the construction of Go boards and Shogi boards because of its beautiful yellow-gold color, fine and uniform ring texture, and the sonic quality of the click of a stone on its surface. The tree is protected in Japan because of its scarcity due to past overcutting. Ancient kaya trees have to die before they can be harvested to make thick Go boards, which makes them extremely expensive; the finest ones can cost over $19,000. Shin-kaya ("new kaya" in Japanese), imitation kaya, is usually Alaskan, Tibetan or Siberian white spruce, which has become somewhat popular for cheaper equipment due to the scarcity of kaya trees. Go bowls can also be made of kaya, though this is less common.
In Japanese esoteric buddhism like Shingon, the leaves of the tree as well as the oil extracted have ritual uses. The leaves of the tree represent flowers and the oil from the tree is burnt as a lamp during a long meditation practice known as Morning Star meditation.
The seeds are edible, and also pressed for their vegetable oil content.
Other than that, the trees can have cultural and historic significance to people living around them, such as the Japanese Torreya of Samin-ri.
References
- ↑ "Torreya nucifera". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
- Katsuki, T. & Luscombe, D (2013). "Torreya nucifera". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2013: e.T42552A2987599. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42552A2987599.en. Retrieved 11 January 2018.