Toghon (son of Kublai)

Toghon (Mongolian: Тогоон, Chinese: 脫歡, Vietnamese: Thoát Hoan, ?–1301), also Toghan or Togon, was the ninth son of Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty.

He was granted the title Prince Zhennan (鎮南王, Vietnamese: Trấn Nam vương "Prince of South Suppressing") and moved his household to Ezhou in 1284. ^[2]

In the next year, he was dispatched to conquer Champa. He demanded from Đại Việt (mordern Vietnam) a route to Champa, which would trap the Champan army from both north and south, but it was rejected by retired emperor Trần Thánh Tông, whom was the de facto ruler of Đại Việt. So Toghon decided to attack Đại Việt. At first he won several victories and captured Thăng Long, the capital of Đại Việt. Trần Thánh Tông had to offered princess An Tư to him to slow down the pace of the Mongol army. Later he was defeated by Trần Hưng Đạo and fled back to Huguang province.^[3]

In 1287, he invaded Vietnam again, but, Mongol Navy was totally destroyed by Trần dynasty in Bạch Đằng river, and he had to retreat. It made his father feel ashamed, and didn't want to see him again in the rest of his life. He moved to Yangzhou in 1291, later he died there.^[2]

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