Tin Hinan

Tin Hinan
Tamenokalt
An oil painting entitled, The Queen Tin Hinan, by Hocine Ziani.
Reign 4th-century
Burial Tin Hinan tomb

Tin Hinan was a 4th-century Tuareg mythical queen. Her monumental tomb is located in the Sahara, at Abalessa in the Hoggar region of Algeria.

Queen of the Hoggar

Legends

Tin Hinan is sometimes referred to as "Queen of the Hoggar",[1][2] and by the Tuareg as Tamenokalt[3] which also means "queen".[4] The name literally means "woman of the tents",[4] but may be metaphorically translated as "mother of us all".[5]

According to the stories told in the region, Tin Hinan was a "fugative princess" who lived sometime in the fourth century AD. Driven from the northern parts of the Sahara, she and her caravan of followers, so the stories go, nearly perished in the wilderness until they stumbled upon grain in desert anthills.[6] In other legends less corroborated, Tin Hinan was believed to have been a Muslim[nb 1] of the Braber tribe of Berbers who came from Tafilalt oasis in the Atlas Mountains in the area of modern Morocco accompanied by a maidservant named Takamat. In this legend, Tin Hinan had a daughter (or granddaughter), whose name is Kella, while Takamat had two daughters. These children are said to be the ancestors of the Tuareg of the Ahaggar. Another version is that Tin Hinan had three daughters (who had totemic names referring to desert animals) who were the tribal ancestors.

Tomb of Tin Hinan

By the early twentieth century, the story of Tin Hinan had long been told, and many believed that it was simply a legend or a myth. However, in 1925, explorers discovered her tomb, proving that she was a historical figure.[6] Located not far from the oasis of Abalessa, Algeria, about 1,000 miles south of Algiers, on a rounded hill rises about 125 ft above the junction of two wadis, the tomb is pear-shaped on plan with a major axis of about 88 ft. It contains 11 rooms or courts.

The tomb of Tin Hinan was opened by Byron Khun de Prorok with support from the French army in 1925, and archaeologists made a more thorough investigation in 1933. It was found to contain the skeleton of a woman (probably buried in the fourth century AD) on a wooden litter, lying on her back with her head facing east. She was accompanied by heavy gold and silver jewellery, some of it adorned with pearls. On her right forearm she wore 7 silver bracelets, and on her left, 7 gold bracelets. Another silver bracelet and a gold ring were placed with the body. Remains of a complex piecework necklace of gold and pearls (real and artificial) were also present.

A number of funerary objects were also found. These included a "Venus" statue in Aurignacian style (similar to the Venus of Hohle Fels), a glass goblet (lost during World War II), barbed arrowheads of iron, an iron knife, and a gold foil which bore the imprint of a Roman coin of Constantine I issued between 308 and 324 CE. A 4th to 5th century date is consistent with carbon dating of the wooden bed and also with the style of pottery, a pottery lamp of third-century Roman type, and other tomb furniture. Tifinagh inscriptions are inscribed on the wall stones. The tomb itself is constructed in a style that is widespread in the Sahara.

An anthropological study of the remains published in 1968 concluded the skeleton was that of a tall woman belonging to a Mediterranean race.[7] The skeleton suggested that she had probably never had children and who was probably lame because of deformation of the lumbar and sacral areas. The body is now in the Bardo Museum in Algiers.

Notes

  1. ↑ Given the date of her tomb, this is anachronistic.

References

  1. ↑ Huguenin-Gonon, N. (1973). Algeria. Nagel Publishers. p. 137. ISBN 978-2-8263-0604-7.
  2. ↑ Wellard, James (1965). The Great Sahara. London: Hutchinson & Company. p. 47.
  3. ↑ Glacier, Osire (2016). "Tin Hinana". Femmes politiques au Maroc d'hier à aujourd'hui: La résistance et le pouvoir au féminin (in French). Tarik Editions. ISBN 978-9954-419-82-3.
  4. 1 2 "The World & I". 2 (4). Washington Times Corporation. 1987. p. 490.
  5. ↑ Frawsen, Ulbani Ait; Ukerdis, L'Hocine (2003). "The Origins of Amazigh Women's Power in North Africa: An Historical Overview". Al-Raida (100): 19.
  6. 1 2 Bogue, Ronald (2010). Deleuzian Fabulation and the Scars of History. Edinburgh University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-7486-4175-8.
  7. ↑ Ilahiane, Hsain (2017). Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 203. ISBN 978-1-4422-8182-0.

Bibliography

  • Brett, Michael; Elizabeth Fentress (1997). The Berbers. WileyBlackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-20767-2. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  • Camps, Gabriel (1974). "L'âge du tombeau de Tin Hinan, ancêtre des Touareg du Hoggar". Zephyrus. 25: 497–516.
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