Timeline of the Kurukulam
The following is a chronological overview of the history of the Karavas and Karaiyars caste of Sri Lanka and India. Both communities were historically also known as Kurukulam, meaning Kuru clan.[1]
Medieval period
- Under the reign of Virarajendra Chola(1063-1070 CE), the Chola rule ended through a rebellion led by Vijayabahu I, under the chief Kurukulatta Raiyan (King of Kurukulam), mentioned in an inscription in Thirumukkulam, Tamil Nadu.[2]
- The Mukkara Hatana, an old palm leaf manuscript from Sri Lanka, is an account of the defeat of the Mukkuvar by the Karaiyars in the Saka era 1159 and the taking of the fort of Puttalam after a three-month siege.[3]
- Under the leadership of Karaiyar chief Migapulle Arachchi, aligned with the Thanjavur Nayak, fought the Jaffna king Cankili II against the Portuguese in the conquest of the Jaffna kingdom.[4][5]
Independent period
- Karavas formed the elites under colonial era. Several Karavas, such as James Peiris, fought for the Sri Lankan independence movement.[6]
- Karaiyars formed the leadership of Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a group that fought the Sri Lankan Civil War to form a Tamil sovereign state, intending to secede from the Sinhala-majority Sri Lanka. The LTTE chief Velupillai Prabhakaran and his fellow Karaiyars perceived Vellala-imposed caste restrictions as oppressive as the alleged Sinhala discrimination against the Tamils.[7]
- The Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna, was founded by Rohana Wijeweera. Wijeweera and many other Karavas, formed the leadership of this organization.[8]
References
- ↑ Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka, Volume 36-37. University of Michigan: Royal Asiatic Society of Sri Lanka. 1993. p. 137.
- ↑ Ceylon (1960). History of Ceylon. Ceylon University Press. p. 425.
- ↑ McGilvray, Dennis B. (2008-05-07). Crucible of Conflict: Tamil and Muslim Society on the East Coast of Sri Lanka. Duke University Press. ISBN 0822341611.
- ↑ Vriddhagirisan, V. (1995). Nayaks of Tanjore. Asian Educational Services. p. 91. ISBN 9788120609969.
- ↑ Hellmann-Rajanayagam, Dagmar (2007). Von Jaffna nach Kilinocchi: Wandel des politischen Bewusstseins der Tamilen in Sri Lanka (in German). Ergon. pp. 104, 134. ISBN 9783899135442.
- ↑ Wickramasinghe, Nira (2006). Sri Lanka in the Modern Age: A History of Contested Indentities. University of Hawaii Press. p. 141. ISBN 9780824830168.
- ↑ "politics01". www.island.lk. Retrieved 2017-02-05.
- ↑ Richardson, John Martin (2005). Paradise Poisoned: Learning about Conflict, Terrorism, and Development from Sri Lanka's Civil Wars. International Center for Ethnic Studies. p. 342. ISBN 9789555800945.
- BITC The Bulletin of the Institute of Traditional Culture I, Madras University 1961
- Habib Irfan The Agrarian system of Mughal India 1999 Oxford
- Paranavitana Inscriptions of Ceylon Volume I
- Perniola Fr. S. J. The History of the Catholic Church – Portuguese period
- Queyroz Fr. S. J. 1688 The Temporal and Spiritual Conquest of Ceylaö
- Sastri Nilakanta K. A. Pandyan Kingdom
- Sastri Nilakanta K. A. The Cholas
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