Timeline of Northumbria and Northumberland

This timeline summarises significant events in the history of Northumbria and Northumberland.

600

604 Aethelfrith unites Bernicia and Deira to form Northumbria.
625 Paulinus is consecrated as Bishop of York.
638 Gododdin hillfort at Edinburgh is captured by Oswald of Northumbria (see Northumbrian Edinburgh).
664 Synod of Whitby
664 Plague in British Isles travels at least as far north as Lastingham.
685 Loss to Picts at Battle of Dun Nechtain (Nechtansmere) limits northern expansion.
687 Cuthbert, patron saint of Northumbria, dies at his Inner Farne Island hermitage.

700

709 Acca is appointed as Bishop of Hexham.
715 Eadfrith creates the Lindisfarne Gospels.
731 Bede writes the Ecclesiastical History of the English People at Jarrow.
735 Alcuin of York is born, later a major figure in the Carolingian Renaissance under Charlemagne.
793 Vikings raid Lindisfarne.
794 Vikings raid Jarrow.

800

829 Northumbria accepts Egbert of Wessex as overlord.
865 Northumbrians led by Aelle II defeat Ragnar Lodbrok's raiding Vikings.
866 York and southern Northumbria are conquered and settled by the "Great Heathen Army."
867 Aelle II and Osberht join forces only to be defeated at the Battle of York.

900

915 Ealdred I of Bernicia and Constantine II of Scotland are defeated by Vikings in the first Battle of Corbridge.
927 Earldom of Northumbria is created by Athelstan.
937 Athelstan defeats Norse-Celtic force in the battle of Brunanburh.
954 Edinburgh is lost to Scottish king Indulf.
995 Monks from Lindisfarne establish Durham

1000

1018 Lothian is lost to the King of Scots Malcolm II.
1065 The term Northumberland is first recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
1069 William I ruthlessly suppresses Northumbrian opposition in the Harrying of the North.
1072 William I crosses Northumbria into Scotland, supported by a large fleet, to challenge Malcolm III.
1080 Normans fortify a town on the Tyne, thereafter known as Newcastle.
1089 Northumberland county is created.

1100

1137 Newminster Abbey is founded near Morpeth.
1139 Matilda grants Northumberland north of the Tees to David I of Scotland.
1143 Castle is built at Northallerton.
1157 Henry II reclaims Northumberland from Scotland.
1160 Castle is built at Norham.
1174 While besieging Alnwick, William I of Scotland is captured and imprisoned in Newcastle.

1200

1216 King John orders destruction of Berwick-upon-Tweed.
1237 The Treaty of York defines the northern border of England and Northumberland county.
1296 English force sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed prior to defeating Scots in the Battle of Dunbar
1297 Scots led by William Wallace burn Hexham, Corbridge and Ryton.

1300

1333 Edward III, besieging Berwick-upon-Tweed, defeats Scots in the Battle of Halidon Hill.
1346 Scottish force sacks Hexham prior to defeat at the Battle of Neville's Cross.
1349 Black Plague
1377 Henry Percy becomes first Earl of Northumberland.
1388 Battle of Otterburn

1400

1402 Battle of Humbleton Hill
1403 Henry "Hotspur" Percy is killed at Shrewsbury in battle against Henry IV.
1464 Battle of Hedgeley Moor
1482 Berwick-upon-Tweed last re-captured by England.

1500

1513 English defeat invading Scots at Battle of Flodden Field.
1549 John Knox appointed parish minister in Berwick-upon-Tweed.
1551 John Dudley becomes first Duke of Northumberland.
1569 Earl of Northumberland rebels against Elizabeth I in the Rising of the North.
1597 Plague kills 340 in Newcastle.

1600

1603 Union of crowns under James I
1606 James I transports Border Reivers to Ireland in the Plantation of Ulster.
1640 Scottish Covenanters defeat English force in the Battle of Newburn
1649 14 women are convicted and executed in Newcastle witch trials.

1700

1707 Act of Union joins the Scottish government with that of England and Wales.
1745 Scant Northumberland support for Bonnie Prince Charlie in the second Jacobite rising.
1761 Troops in Hexham shoot 40 miners protesting against conscription.
1782 5th Regiment of Foot named the 5th (The Northumberland) Regiment of Foot.

1800

1800 Bewick publishes British Birds.
1829 Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill Trials.
1838 Grace Darling rescues survivors from a shipwreck off the Farne Islands.
1853 Cholera epidemic kills 1,500 in Newcastle.

1900

1903 Smallpox epidemic hits Newcastle.
1936 Two hundred men march from Jarrow to London to protest about unemployment in the region.
1940 Spitfires from RAF Acklington intercept Luftwaffe bombers off the Farne Islands.
1963 University of Newcastle upon Tyne is established as separate institution.
1966 Epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease strikes Northumberland farms.
1974 The county of Tyne and Wear is created.

Sources

Stenton, F. M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Waters, I. (1999). Northumberland: England's Border Country. Contemporary Review, 275(1605), 203–210.

External links

Timeline of Northeast England

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