3rd millennium

Millennia:
Centuries:

In contemporary history, the third millennium is a period of time that started on January 1, 2001, and will end on December 31, 3000 of the Gregorian calendar.[1] It is distinct from the millennium known as the 2000s which began on January 1, 2000 and will end on December 31, 2999.

Events

Predicted events

As this millennium is currently in progress, its first two decades of 21st century (the past 2000s and the current 2010s), are the subject of the historian's attention. The remaining part of the 21st century (2020s to 2090s) and longer-term trends (22nd to 30th century) are researched in futures studies. Here are some possible events that will happen in those particular years:

Time capsules

Astronomical events

21st century

  • August 12, 2045 – A total solar eclipse will take place in the United States, producing a path from California to Florida. Some parts of Florida are predicted to experience totality for six minutes, the longest in US history.
  • Mid-2061 – Next appearance of Comet Halley.
  • November 11, 2069 – Transit of Mercury
  • October 27, 2088 – Mercury occults Jupiter, the first time since 1708, but very close to the Sun and impossible to view with the naked eye.
  • September 23, 2090 – Total solar eclipse in the UK. The next total eclipse visible in the UK follows a track similar to that of August 11, 1999, but shifted slightly further north and occurring very near sunset. Maximum duration in Cornwall will be 2 minutes and 10 seconds. Same day and month as the eclipse of September 23, 1699.
  • April 7, 2094 – Mercury occults Jupiter; it will be very close to the Sun and impossible to view with naked eye.

22nd century

  • December 11, 2117 – Transit of Venus.[3]
  • September 14, 2123 – At 15:28 UTC, Venus will occult Jupiter.[4]
  • December 8, 2125 – Transit of Venus.[5]
  • July 29, 2126: At 16:08 UTC, Mercury will occult Mars.[6]
  • December 3, 2133 – At 14:14 UTC, Mercury will occult Venus.
  • September 2, 2197 – Venus occults Spica.
    Last occultation of Spica by Venus was on November 10, 1783.
  • December 24, 2197 – Earth's Moon will occult Neptune.

23rd century

  • 2209 and 2284 – perihelion of Comet Halley.
  • May 27, 2221 – near-Earth asteroid (285263) 1998 QE2 will pass Earth at a distance of 0.038 AU (5,700,000 km; 3,500,000 mi).[7]
  • 2221 – Triple conjunction of Mars and Saturn.
  • December 2, 2223 – At 12:32 UTC, Mars will occult Jupiter.
  • 2238/39 – Triple conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn (whose last triple conjunction was in 1981).
  • August 12, 2243 – At 04:52 UTC, Venus will occult Saturn.
  • June 11, 2247 – Transit of Venus.
  • March 4, 2251 – At 10:52 UTC, Venus will occult Uranus.
  • In 2252, the planetoid Orcus will have completed one orbit of the Sun since its discovery in 2004, based upon current orbital measurements which give it a period of 248 Earth years.
  • August 1, 2253 – Mercury occults Regulus (last occultation of Regulus by Mercury was on August 13, 364 BC).
  • June 9, 2255 – Transit of Venus.
  • 2256 to 2258 – Eris will reach perihelion for the first time since discovery.
  • October 6, 2271 – Close conjunction between Venus and Regulus, perhaps occultation of Regulus by Venus.
  • 2279 – Triple conjunction of Jupiter and Saturn.
  • 2281/82 – Grand Trine of Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. This last occurred in 1769 and 1770.
  • Sunday, August 28, 2287 – Closest approach between Mars and Earth since Wednesday, August 27, 2003.
  • In 2288, the planetoid Quaoar will have completed one orbit of the Sun since its discovery in 2002, which, based upon current orbital measurements, gives it a period of 286 Earth years.

24th century

  • September 11, 2307 – At 22:50 UTC, Venus will occult Uranus.
  • 2313 – Triple conjunction Mars–Jupiter.
  • 2319 – Triple conjunction Mars-Saturn.
  • June 4, 2327 – At 00:54 UTC, Venus will occult Mars.
  • October 8, 2335 – At 14:51 UTC, Venus will occult Jupiter.
  • April 7, 2351 – At 17:22 UTC, Mercury will occult Uranus.
  • December 13, 2360 – Transit of Venus.
  • 2365 – Perihelion of Comet Halley.
  • December 10, 2368 – Transit of Venus.
  • 2388 – Triple conjunction Mars-Saturn.
  • May 11, 2391 – Partial transit of Mercury.

25th century

  • November 17, 2400 – Venus will occult Antares (last occultation of Antares by Venus was on September 17, 525 BC).
  • December 30, 2419 – At 01:38 UTC, Venus will occult Uranus.
  • 2426 – Pluto's second orbit, since its discovery.
  • 2456 – Triple conjunction Mars–Jupiter.
  • August 29, 2478 – At 23:11 UTC, Mars will occult Jupiter.
  • June 12, 2490 – Transit of Venus.
  • May 6, 2492 – Belgian astronomer Jean Meeus asserts that the orbits of all eight planets and Pluto will be within the same 90° arc of the Solar System. The last time this is believed to have occurred was on February 1, 949.[8]
  • June 10, 2498 – Transit of Venus.

26th century

27th century

  • December 16, 2603 – Transit of Venus.
  • May 13, 2608 – Grazing Transit of Mercury.
  • December 13, 2611 – Partial transit of Venus.
  • 2626/27 – Triple conjunction Mars–Saturn.
  • 2629 – Triple conjunction Mars-Saturn.
  • February 16, 2649 – At 11:17 UTC, Venus will occult Neptune.
  • September 3, 2650 – The distance between Mars and the Earth will arrive at a new remarkable minimum, at 55,651,582.118 km.
    It will be the closer encounter of perihelitic opposition slightly shorter (by 37,000 km) than the previous one of the August 28, 2287.[12]
    The following closer encounter will be on September 8, 2729.
  • 2655/56 – Triple conjunction Jupiter-Saturn.
  • 2663 – Triple conjunction Mars-Saturn.
  • 2699/2700 – Triple conjunctions between Mars-Jupiter, Mars-Neptune and Jupiter-Neptune.

28th century

  • October 24, 2714 – Transit of Jupiter from Uranus. First one since May 3, 1914.
  • September 8, 2729 – The distance between Mars and the Earth will arrive at a new remarkable minimum, at 55,651,033.122 km.
    It will be the closer encounter of perihelitic opposition slightly shorter (just 549 km) than the previous one of the September 3, 2650.[13]
  • June 15, 2733 – Transit of Venus.
  • June 13, 2741 – Transit of Venus.
  • 2742 – Triple conjunction Mars–Jupiter.
  • 2744 – Triple conjunction Mars–Jupiter.
  • 2761 – Triple conjunction Mars–Saturn.
  • December 3, 2781 – At 06:45 UTC, Venus will occult Neptune.
  • 2791 – Triple conjunction Mars–Jupiter.
  • 2794/95 – Triple conjunction Jupiter–Saturn.

29th century

  • The remnants of Comet Ikeya-Seki are expected to return to the inner solar system.
    It was last seen from Earth in 1965–1966, and broke into three pieces as it approached the Sun.
  • March 25, 2816 – At 15:47 UTC, Mercury will occult Jupiter.
  • March 6, 2817 – At 9:36 UTC, Venus will occult Saturn.
  • April 11, 2818 – At 20:41 UTC, Mercury will occult Mars.
  • February 6, 2825 – At 10:50 UTC, Mars will occult Uranus.
  • 2829/30 – Triple conjunction Mars-Saturn.
  • December 15, 2830 – At 09:40 UTC, Venus will occult Mars.
  • 2842/43 – Triple conjunction Mars-Jupiter.
  • December 16, 2846 – Transit of Venus.
  • December 14, 2854 – Partial transit of Venus.
  • July 20, 2855 – At 05:15 UTC, Mercury will occult Jupiter.
  • 2866 – Triple conjunction Mars-Saturn.
  • March 16, 2880 – Predicted possible impact date for asteroid (29075) 1950 DA, the near-Earth object with the highest known probability of crashing into Earth.

Biological events

  • 2099 – According to one study, 83% of the Amazon rainforest may have been destroyed.[14]
  • By 2100, 12% (about 1250) of the bird species existing at the beginning of the 21st century are expected to be extinct or threatened with extinction.[15]
  • By 2100, emperor penguins could be pushed to the brink of extinction due to global climate change, according to a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution study from January 2009. The study applied mathematical models to predict how the loss of sea ice from climate warming would affect an Antarctica colony of emperor penguins, and they forecast a decline of 87% in the colony's population by the end of the century.[16]

Calendric predictions

  • January 19, 2038 – 32-bit computer clocks overflow to represent the date as December 13, 1901.
  • 2096 is the last leap year before 2100, which will not be a leap year.
  • On March 1, 2100 (which will be February 16, 2100 in the Julian calendar), the difference between the Julian calendar and the Gregorian calendar reaches 14 days. Since 14 is divisible by 7, this will be the first time in history since its inception that the Gregorian calendar will have the same day of the week for each day of the month for the whole year as the Julian calendar. This will last until February 28, 2200 of the Gregorian Calendar.
  • 2100 will not be a leap year since it qualifies as a year that is divisible by 100, but not by 400.
  • FAT file systems theoretically support dates up to December 31, 2107 (though officially only up to December 31, 2099).
  • The Year type in MySQL supports dates up to December 31, 2155.
  • March 17, 2160 – Unless changes are made as to when Easter can be observed, this particular March 17 will fall within Holy Week for the first time since 2008 and fall on the same day (Monday) as it did in that year, likely requiring the movement of the Feast of Saint Patrick's Day to another date.[17]
  • Unless changes are made in the religious calendar, in 2285, the Western Easter will fall on March 22 for the first time since 1818, the earliest possible date on which Easter can occur.[18]

Technological predictions

Social predictions

  • As of December 2009, the United States Census Bureau projects a world population of 8.4 billion by 2030.[31]
  • French demographist Emmanuel Todd predicts the level of literacy amongst the world population to reach near 100% by 2030.[32]
  • Gerontologist Aubrey de Grey predicts there is a "50/50 chance" of curing aging by around the year 2036.[33]
  • World population is predicted to reach 9.3 billion people by 2050, according to United Nations Population Division.[34]
  • French demographist Emmanuel Todd predicts worldwide zero population growth birth rates by 2050.[32]
  • The United Kingdom could have the largest population in Europe by 2050 and be the third biggest recipient of migrants in the world, UN projections suggest.[35]
  • 2050s – China, United States, India, Brazil and Mexico will be the largest economies in the world, according to a Goldman Sachs study.[36]
  • 2160 – Some scientists believe there are babies born in 2010 who may still be alive in 2160.[37]
  • According to the UN Population Bureau, life expectancy in 2200 is predicted to be around 100 for developed countries and the world population is estimated to be about 8.5 billion. The UN says that these projections could be invalidated by changes and progression in future life extension technology and discoveries, as well as changes in future birthrates.[38]
  • 22nd century – In his book The Next 100 Years, American political scientist George Friedman predicts that as the century begins, an ongoing confrontation between an increasingly powerful Mexico and the United States will be taking place. Mexico will be an economically and militarily powerful country capable of challenging the United States, while a Mexican majority in southern regions of the United States will have made them a de facto extension of Mexico, with increasing secessionist sentiment. Both countries will be competing for dominance over North America, which will remain the international centre of gravity throughout the next few centuries.[39]

Centuries and decades

21st century 2000s[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2]2010s 2020s 2030s2040s 2050s 2060s2070s 2080s2090s
22nd century 2100s2110s 2120s 2130s2140s 2150s 2160s2170s 2180s2190s
23rd century 2200s2210s 2220s 2230s2240s 2250s 2260s2270s 2280s2290s
24th century 2300s2310s 2320s 2330s2340s 2350s 2360s2370s 2380s2390s
25th century 2400s2410s 2420s 2430s2440s 2450s 2460s2470s 2480s2490s
26th century 2500s2510s 2520s 2530s2540s 2550s 2560s2570s 2580s2590s
27th century 2600s2610s 2620s 2630s2640s 2650s 2660s2670s 2680s2690s
28th century 2700s2710s 2720s 2730s2740s 2750s 2760s2770s 2780s2790s
29th century 2800s2810s 2820s 2830s2840s 2850s 2860s2870s 2880s2890s
30th century 2900s2910s 2920s 2930s2940s 2950s 2960s2970s 2980s2990s

Notes

  1. ↑ Strictly speaking, 2000 was the last year of the 2nd millennium. However, the year 2000 is generally considered the first year of the 3rd millennium.
  2. ↑ 9 of the 10 years of the decade are in this millennium.

References

  1. ↑ "When and where did the new Millennium officially start, and why?"
  2. ↑ Diduch, Mary (April 27, 2009). "U. celebrates Old Queens bicentennial". The Daily Targum. Rutgers University: College Media Network. Archived from the original on January 1, 2010. Retrieved June 16, 2009. At the ceremony, a time capsule was revealed containing several items from today to leave for the University in 2109, at the building’s tricentennial commemoration.
  3. ↑ HM Nautical Almanac Office: 2117 Transit of Venus. Astro.ukho.gov.uk (2011-05-03). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
  4. ↑ Articles – Occultation – OPT Telescopes Archived March 31, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.. Optcorp.com. Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
  5. ↑ HM Nautical Almanac Office: 2125 Transit of Venus. Astro.ukho.gov.uk (2011-05-03). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
  6. ↑ "Occultation – Mutual planetary transits and occultations – Encyclopedia II". Archived from the original on December 13, 2013. Retrieved 2013-12-13.
  7. ↑ Dr. Lance A. M. Benner (May 28, 2013). "(285263) 1998 QE2 Goldstone Radar Observations Planning". NASA/JPL Asteroid Radar Research. Retrieved 2013-05-30.
  8. ↑ Griffith Observatory Archived January 30, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. (non accessible)
  9. 1 2 Mutual Planetary Transits; Fifteen millennium catalog; Period 2 001 AD – 3 000 AD Archived January 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.
  10. ↑ Jubier, F. Espenak and Xavier. "NASA - Total Solar Eclipse of 2600 May 05". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  11. ↑ Jubier, F. Espenak and Xavier. "NASA - Total Solar Eclipse of 2151 June 14". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  12. ↑ [meteorite-list] Mars Makes Closest Approach In Nearly 60,000 Years, by Ron Baalke, on Friday August 22, 2003 at 09:04:54 -0700
  13. ↑ [meteorite-list] Mars Makes Closest Approach In Nearly 60,000 Years, par Ron Baalke, on Friday August 22, 2003 at 09:04:54 -0700
  14. ↑ "No rainforest, no monsoon: get ready for a warmer world". New Scientist.
  15. ↑ Pimm, Stuart; et al. (2006). "Human impacts on the rates of recent, present, and future bird extinctions". PNAS. 103 (29): 10941–10946. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604181103. PMC 1544153. PMID 16829570.
  16. ↑ Dunham, Will. "Melting Sea Ice May Doom Emperor Penguins, Study Finds". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 26, 2008.
  17. ↑ Nevans-Pederson, Mary (2008-03-13). "No St. Pat's Day Mass allowed in Holy Week". Dubuque Telegraph Herald. Woodward Communications, Inc. Archived from the original on October 16, 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
  18. ↑ "Selected Christian Observances". aa.usno.navy.mil. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  19. ↑ http://www.globalfuturist.org/2017/03/kurzweil-ai-aces-turing-test-in-2029-and-the-singularity-arrives-in-2045/
  20. ↑ Rebecca Boyle (23 February 2012). "Japanese Construction Company Plans Space Elevator By 2050". Australian Popular Science. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  21. ↑ Brown, Mark (June 20, 2011). "Hypersonic Zehst jet will fly in 2050 on seaweed biofuel". Wired.co.uk. Conde Nast UK. Archived from the original on June 23, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
  22. ↑ "Our future energy". The Danish government. The Danish Ministry of Climate and Energy. November 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
  23. ↑ Enoch, Nick (February 29, 2012). "World's oldest nuclear power station closes... but it will take 90 more years and £954m to clear it completely". Daily Mail. London. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
  24. ↑ New Mega-City Challenge – Concept. Geekwidget (2010-03-29). Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
  25. ↑ city in pyramid on YouTube
  26. ↑ "Stanford to host 100-year study on artificial intelligence". Stanford University. 16 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
  27. ↑ "Study to Examine Effects of Artificial Intelligence". The New York Times. 15 December 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
  28. ↑ "One-Hundred Year Study of Artificial Intelligence: Reflections and Framing". Eric Horvitz. 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
  29. ↑ Wall, Mike (2012-05-11). "Dead Satellite Envisat May Be Space Junk for 150 Years". Huffington Post. Huffington Post. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
  30. ↑ Kaku, Michio (April 26, 2004). "How Advanced Could They Be?". Astrobiology Magazine. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
  31. ↑ "Total Midyear Population for the World: 1950–2050". U.S. Census Bureau. 2008-12-15. Retrieved 2009-03-30.
  32. 1 2 Todd, Emmanuel (2003). After the Empire: The Breakdown of the American Order. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-13102-X.
  33. ↑ Health and Science Correspondent Kate Kelland. "Who wants to live forever? Scientist sees aging cured". Reuters. Retrieved 2013-01-10.
  34. ↑ "World population to reach 9.1 billion in 2050, UN projects". UN News Center. 24 February 2005.
  35. ↑ "Britain 'biggest in EU by 2050'". BBC News. 12 March 2009.
  36. ↑ Wilson, Dominic; Stupnytska, Anna (March 28, 2007). "The N-11: More Than an Acronym" (PDF). Global Economics Paper. 153. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 31, 2010.
  37. ↑ Laurance, Jeremy (2010-05-12). "Has the elixir of youth come of age?". The Independent. London: The Independent. Archived from the original on May 15, 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-15.
  38. ↑ World population in 2300. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2014-01-19.
  39. ↑ Friedman, George (2009) The Next 100 Years: A Forecast for the 21st Century, Anchor, ISBN 0767923057.
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