Synanthedon flaviventris

Synanthedon flaviventris
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Sesiidae
Genus: Synanthedon
Species: S. flaviventris
Binomial name
Synanthedon flaviventris
Synonyms
  • Sesia flaviventris Staudinger, 1883
  • Synanthedon flaviventris ab. fulva Turner, 1928

Synanthedon flaviventris, the sallow clearwing, is a moth of the Sesiidae family. The larvae form pear-shaped galls on sallows (Salix spp).

Description

The eggs are laid in the axils on slender shoots (<10 mm diameter) of sallows, and the first year larva excavates a tunnel which shows no external signs of the larva. In the spring of the following year the larva can be as long as 17–18 mm and tunnels deeper into the tissue of the stem, excavating a vertical tunnel 50–75 mm long and 3 mm in diameter. By the second autumn the frass is pressed into cavities between the bark and wood, and the pear-shaped gall is noticeable.[2][lower-alpha 1] The larva feed on sallows and their hybrids; Salix aurita, S. caprea, S. repens, S. cinerea, S. alba, S. fragilis, S. daphnoides and S. rosmarinifolia.[4] Before pupation, the larva makes an exit hole and the pupa (11–13 mm long) is yellowish and formed head down in a chamber above the gall. There is no cocoon.[2] Adults have a wingspan of 17–20 mm and are on the wing in June and July. The species has a two-year life cycle, with adults present mostly in even years.[5]

Distribution

It is found in most of Europe (except Ireland, Norway, the Netherlands, the Iberian Peninsula, most of the Balkan Peninsula and Ukraine).[6] and Russia (southern Siberia, Baikal, Irkutsk, Chaborowsk, Ussuri).

Notes

  1. ↑ The red-tipped clearwing (S. formicaeformis) also forms pear-shaped galls (>10 mm diameter) on willows.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Pühringer, Franz; Kallies, Axel. "Checklist of the Sesiidae of the world (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia)". Sesiidae - Clear wing moths - Glasflügler. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  2. 1 2 Heath, John; Emmet, A Maitland (1985). The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 2. Cossidae – Heliodindae. Colchester: Harley Books. pp. 379–80. ISBN 0 946589 19 4.
  3. ↑ Redfern, Margaret; Shirley, Peter; Boxham, Michael (2011). British Plant Galls (Second ed.). Shrewsbury: Field Study Council. pp. 282–299. ISBN 978 185153 284 1.
  4. ↑ Savela, Markku. "Synanthedon Hübner, [1819]". Lepidoptera and some other life forms. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  5. ↑ Kimber, Ian. "Sallow Clearwing Synanthedon flaviventris". UKmoths. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
  6. ↑ "Synanthedon flaviventris (Staudinger, 1883)". Fauna Europaea. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
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