Syagrus (plant)

Syagrus
Syagrus romanzoffiana
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
(unranked): Commelinids
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Subfamily: Arecoideae
Tribe: Cocoseae
Subtribe: Attaleinae[1]
Genus: Syagrus
Synonyms[3][1]

Arecastrum (Drude) Becc.
Arikury Becc.
Arikuryroba Barb.Rodr.
Arikuyroba Barb.Rodr.
Barbosa Becc.
Chrysallidosperma H.E.Moore
Langsdorffia Raddi
Platenia H.Karst.
Rhyticocos Becc.

Syagrus is a genus of Arecaceae (palms), native to South America, with one species endemic to the Lesser Antilles.[3] The genus is closely related to the Cocos, or coconut genus, and many Syagrus species produce edible seeds similar to the coconut.

Description

Palms in this group have solitary trunks, clusters, and subterranean stems. Crownshafts are not present in the genus; inflorescences emerge from the leaf crown. Leaves are pinnate, often recurved, from 2 to 5 m. They are monoecious, producing white or off-white unisexual flowers of both sexes. The woody bract, which contains the developing inflorescence, is spoon or boat-shaped.

Ecology

S. coronata nuts are the favored food of Lear's macaw, whose bill size and shape are particularly adapted to crack them.[4]

Syagrus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Batrachedra nuciferae (recorded on S. coronae) and Paysandisia archon (recorded on S. romanzoffiana).

Species

  1. Syagrus allagopteroides Noblick & Lorenzi
  2. Syagrus amara (Jacq.) Mart. – overtop palm
  3. Syagrus angustifolia Noblick & Lorenzi
  4. Syagrus botryophora (Mart.) Mart.
  5. Syagrus caerulescens Noblick & Lorenzi
  6. Syagrus campestris (Mart.) Bomhard
  7. Syagrus campylospatha (Barb.Rodr.) Becc.
  8. Syagrus cardenasii Glassman
  9. Syagrus cearensis Noblick
  10. Syagrus cerqueirana Noblick & Lorenzi
  11. Syagrus cocoides Mart.
  12. Syagrus comosa (Mart.) Mart.
  13. Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc. – licuri palm
  14. Syagrus deflexa Noblick & Lorenzi
  15. Syagrus duartei Glassman
  16. Syagrus evansiana Noblick
  17. Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc.
  18. Syagrus glaucescens Glaz. ex Becc.
  19. Syagrus glazioviana (Dammer) Becc.
  20. Syagrus gouveiana Noblick & Lorenzi
  21. Syagrus graminifolia (Drude) Becc.
  22. Syagrus harleyi Glassman
  23. Syagrus inajai (Spruce) Becc.
  24. Syagrus itacambirana Noblick & Lorenzi
  25. Syagrus kellyana Noblick & Lorenzi
  26. Syagrus lilliputiana (Barb.Rodr.) Becc.
  27. Syagrus loefgrenii Glassman
  28. Syagrus lorenzoniorum Noblick & Lorenzi
  29. Syagrus macrocarpa Barb.Rodr.
  30. Syagrus mendanhensis Glassman
  31. Syagrus microphylla Burret
  32. Syagrus minor Noblick & Lorenzi
  33. Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc.
  34. Syagrus orinocensis (Spruce) Burret
  35. Syagrus petraea (Mart.) Becc.
  36. Syagrus picrophylla Barb.Rodr.
  37. Syagrus pimentae Noblick
  38. Syagrus pleioclada Burret
  39. Syagrus pleiocladoides Noblick & Lorenzi
  40. Syagrus pompeoi K. Soares & R. Pimenta
  41. Syagrus procumbens Noblick & Lorenzi
  42. Syagrus pseudococos (Raddi) Glassman
  43. Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman – queen palm
  44. Syagrus rupicola Noblick & Lorenzi
  45. Syagrus ruschiana (Bondar) Glassman
  46. Syagrus sancona (Kunth) H. Karst.
  47. Syagrus santosii K. Soares & C.A. Guim.
  48. Syagrus schizophylla (Mart.) Glassman – arikury palm
  49. Syagrus smithii (H.E.Moore) Glassman
  50. Syagrus stenopetala Burret
  51. Syagrus stratincola Wess.Boer
  52. Syagrus vagans (Bondar) A.D. Hawkes
  53. Syagrus vermicularis Noblick
  54. Syagrus weddelliana (H. Wendl.) Becc.
  55. Syagrus werdermannii Burret
  56. Syagrus yungasensis M. Moraes

Hybrids

  • Syagrus ×camposportoana (Bondar) Glassman
  • Syagrus ×costae Glassman
  • Syagrus ×fairchildensis Glassman
  • Syagrus ×matafome (Bondar) A.D. Hawkes
  • Syagrus ×teixeiriana Glassman
  • Syagrus ×tostana (Bondar) Glassman

Formerly placed here

  • Butia campicola (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick (as S. campicola (Barb.Rodr.) Becc.)
  • Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. (as S. capitata (Mart.) Glassman)
  • Butia eriospatha (Mart. ex Drude) Becc. (as S. eriospatha (Mart. ex Drude) Glassman)
  • Butia paraguayensis (Barb.Rodr.) L.H.Bailey (as S. paraguayensis (Barb.Rodr.) Glassman)
  • Butia yatay (Mart.) Becc. (as S. dyerana (Barb. Rodr.) Becc. and S. yatay (Mart.) Glassman)
  • Lytocaryum weddellianum (H.Wendl.) Toledo (as S. insignis (hort. ex Drude) Becc. and S. weddelliana (H.Wendl.) Becc.)

References

  1. 1 2 "Genus: Syagrus Mart". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2010-03-16. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
  2. ↑ Martius, Palmarum Familia 18. 1824. Type S. cocoides
  3. 1 2 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  4. ↑ Yamashita, Carlos; de Paula Valle, Mauro (1993). "On the linkage between Anodorhynchus macaws and palm nuts, and the extinction of the Glaucous Macaw". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 113: 53–60.
  • Jones, D. L. (2000). Palms in Australia. Reed Books.
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