Stolta Stad!

Lithograph of Jean Fredman by Pehr Hilleström, 1865

Stolta stad! (Proud city!), is one of the Swedish poet and performer Carl Michael Bellman's best-known and best-loved works, from his 1790 collection, Fredman's Epistles, where it is No. 33. It combines spoken sections (Was ist das?, with words in German, Swedish, and French) and song (in Swedish). It has been described as Swedish literature's most congenial portrait of its capital city.

The epistle is subtitled "1:o Om Fader Movitz's öfverfart til Djurgården, och 2:o om den dygdiga Susanna." (Firstly about father Movitz's crossing to Djurgården, and secondly about the virtuous Susanna).

Context

Carl Michael Bellman is the central figure in Swedish song, known for his 1790 Fredman's Epistles and his 1791 Fredman's Songs. He played the cittern, accompanying himself as he performed his songs at the royal court.[1]

Jean Fredman is a fictional character and the supposed narrator in Bellman's epistles and songs, based on a real watchmaker of Bellman's Stockholm.[2] The epistles paint a picture of the demimonde life of the city during the eighteenth century, where strong drink and beautiful "nymphs" like Ulla Winblad create a rococo picture of life, blending classical allusion and pastoral description with harsh reality.[1][2]

Epistle

The Epistle begins with a long spoken section, imitative of a crowded boat with people playing cards and others trying to move about; parts are in German and French. The song has four verses, with two further spoken sections. Each verse has twelve lines, with the rhyming pattern AABBCCDDDEEE; of these, the lines AA both begin with Corno, and all the lines CDD and EEE end with Corno. The song is in 4
4 time and is marked Marche.[3] The Epistle is dated 16 October 1771. Three of the spoken sections end with a mention that a "nymph", Susanna, is to sing; only this and No. 67 (Fader Movitz, bror) among the epistles call for a woman's voice, but the identify of "Susanna" is not known. The melody was said by Nils Afzelius to come from the aria "Regardez ces traits" from Monsigny's opera Le cadi dupé, but this is disputed by the musicologist James Massengale.[4][5]

Reception

The Epistle has been recorded by Fred Åkerström and Sven-Bertil Taube.[6][7] It has been performed in costume by Thord Lindé.[8]

Citing the Epistle, Anita Ankarcrona observes that Bellman was "the first, and perhaps the greatest, of all Stockholm depicters."[9]

The Bellman Society observes that Sweden's capital has never been portrayed with mightier trumpet blasts or more skilfully than in this Epistle, "Swedish literature's most congenial portrait of Stockholm." In its view, the work is neither poem nor song, but a song-drama of a kind created by Bellman himself out of a susurrus of voices around Skeppsbro. Soundscape, it suggests, turns into "a landscape painting, a stunningly beautiful snapshot of a Stockholm crowd in the 1770s".[10]

Writing in the Haga-Brunnsviken Nytt, Gunnel Bergström notes that in verse 3, Ulla Winblad climbs on board, and Movitz becomes randy.[11]

A tour company that shows people around Bellman's Stockholm has chosen the name "Stolta Stad".[12]

References

  1. 1 2 "Carl Michael Bellmans liv och verk. En minibiografi (The Life and Works of Carl Michael Bellman. A Short Biography)" (in Swedish). The Bellman Society. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
  2. 1 2 Britten Austin, 1967. Chapter 3: Fredman's Epistles, pp 61-93.
  3. ↑ Bellman, 1790.
  4. ↑ "Epistel N:o 33". Bellman.net. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  5. ↑ Massengale
  6. ↑ Hassler and Dahl, page 284
  7. ↑ Taube, Sven-Bertil. "Fredmans Epistel #33: Stolta Stad". YouTube. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  8. ↑ Lindé, Thord. "Stolta Stad (epistel no.33)". YouTube. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  9. ↑ Ankarcrona, Anita. "Stockholm: Bellmans stad - och vår" (PDF). Royal Swedish Library (Kungliga biblioteket). Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  10. ↑ Nilsson, Hasse. "Om Fredmans epistlar och sånger". The Bellman Society. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  11. ↑ Bergström, Gunnel (October 2015). "Bellmans sångdramatik" (PDF) (3). Haga-Brunnsviken Nytt. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  12. ↑ "Bussrundturer - utflykter med Stolta stad". Stolta Stad. Retrieved 23 March 2016.

Sources

  • Bellman, Carl Michael (1790). Fredmans epistlar. Stockholm: By Royal Privilege.
  • Britten Austin, Paul (1967). The Life and Songs of Carl Michael Bellman: Genius of the Swedish Rococo. New York: Allhem, Malmö American-Scandinavian Foundation. ISBN 978-3-932759-00-0.
  • Britten Austin, Paul (1999) [1990]. Fredman's Epistles and Songs. Stockholm: Proprius.
  • Hassler, Göran; Peter Dahl (illus.) (1989). Bellman – en antologi [Bellman – an anthology]. En bok för alla. ISBN 91-7448-742-6. (contains the most popular Epistles and Songs, in Swedish, with sheet music)
  • Hassler, Göran; Peter Dahl (illus.) (1989). Bellman II – en antologi [Bellman – an anthology]. En bok för alla. ISBN 91-7448-837-6. (contains the remaining Epistles and Songs, in Swedish, with sheet music)
  • Kleveland, Åse; Svenolov Ehrén (illus.) (1984). Fredmans epistlar & sånger [The songs and epistles of Fredman]. Stockholm: Informationsförlaget. ISBN 91-7736-059-1. (with facsimiles of sheet music from first editions in 1790, 1791)
  • Massengale, James Rhea (1979). The Musical-Poetic Method of Carl Michael Bellman. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International. ISBN 91-554-0849-4.
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