St. George's Church, Penang

St. George's Church
Tamil : புனித ஜார்ஜ் தேவாலயம்
Location within George Town's UNESCO World Heritage Site (purple)
5°25′11.0″N 100°20′20.8″E / 5.419722°N 100.339111°E / 5.419722; 100.339111Coordinates: 5°25′11.0″N 100°20′20.8″E / 5.419722°N 100.339111°E / 5.419722; 100.339111
Location 1 Farquhar Street
George Town, Penang
Country Malaysia
Denomination Anglican
History
Founded 1818
Consecrated 1819
Architecture
Functional status Active
Heritage designation National Heritage Register
Designated 1996
Architect(s) William Petrie, Robert N. Smith
Architectural type Neo-Classical and Georgian Palladian
Groundbreaking 1816
Completed 1818
Construction cost 60,000 Spanish dollars
Administration
Archdeaconry Upper North Archdeaconry
Diocese Diocese of West Malaysia
Province Province of South East Asia
District Penang
Clergy
Archbishop Most Reverend Ng Moon Hing
Vicar(s) Rt Rev Charles Samuel, Assistant Bishop of West Malaysia
Type Cultural
Criteria ii, iii, iv
Designated 2008 (32nd session)
Reference no. 1223
Region Asia-Pacific

St. George's Church is a 19th-century Anglican church in the city of George Town in Penang, Malaysia. It is the oldest purpose built Anglican church in Southeast Asia. The church lies within the jurisdiction of the Upper North Archedeaconry of the Anglican Diocese of West Malaysia.

History

St George's Church (built in 1816) is the oldest Anglican church in South East Asia.

After the British East India Company took possession of the island of Penang in 1786, the spiritual care of the colonists was effected by Church of England chaplains attached to the EIC. Early religious services were held at the chapel of Fort Cornwallis and later at the Court House located opposite the present church building.[1]

Proposals for the building of a permanent church were submitted as early as 1810 but was only acted upon after the passing of the East India Company Act 1813 (Charter Act) whereby the EIC received a 20-year extension of its charter. Approval was obtained in 1815 to build the church based on the architectural plans drawn up by Major Thomas Anburey but the church was eventually built on the plans drawn up by the Governor of Prince of Wales Island (as Penang was known then), William Petrie, and modified by Lieutenant Robert N. Smith of the Madras Engineers. Smith was a colleague of Colonel James Lillyman Caldwell, the chief architect of St. George's Cathedral in Madras, and the architecture of St. George's Church is believed to be based on the cathedral itself.[1][2]

Amongst those consulted on the building of the church was the Rev. Robert Sparke Hutchings, the Colonial Chaplain of Prince of Wales Island. Hutchings would later be instrumental in setting up the Penang Free School. The building was completed in 1818 while Hutchings was still away in Bengal and church services were officiated by a Rev. Henderson. The church was consecrated on 11 May 1819 by the Bishop of Calcutta, Thomas Fanshawe Middleton.[1]

The first significant event that took place in the church after its completion was the wedding of the Governor, William Edward Philips to Janet Bannerman, the daughter of his predecessor, Colonel John Alexander Bannerman on 30 June 1818.

The building was significantly damaged during the Japanese occupation of Malaya and a lot of her interior fittings were looted. Services were not to be held in the church until repairs concluded in 1948. Currently Bishop Charles Samuel is the Suffragan Bishop of the Area Diocese of Northern Peninsula with the Diocese of West Malaysia: Vicar of St. George’s Church Penang, the Oldest Anglican Church in South East Asia.

Architecture

St George's Church at night

The church is built with a combination of Neo-Classical, Georgian and English Palladian architecture styles. Built entirely by Indian convict labour, it was built of brick on a solid plastered stone base.

The Church features a portico of Doric columns. The original roof was flat but was converted to a gable in 1864 as the original flat roof was found to be unsuitable in the tropical climate. The apex of the roof is topped by an octagonal shaped steeple.

A memorial pavilion was erected in 1886 in memory of Captain Francis Light during the Centenary Celebrations of the founding of modern Penang.

In 2007, the church was declared one of the 50 National Treasures of Malaysia by the Malaysian federal government. It underwent a major restoration in 2009.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Langdon, Marcus (2013). Penang: The Fourth Presidency of India 1805–1830, Volume One: Ships, Men and Mansions. Penang, Malaysia: Areca Books. ISBN 9789675719073.
  2. ↑ "The Madras-Penang connection". The Hindu - Metro Focus. The Hindu. 27 February 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
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