Somali Latin alphabet
| Somali | |
|---|---|
 Sign including instructions written with the Somali alphabet. | |
| Type | |
| Languages | Somali language |
The Somali Latin alphabet is an official writing script in the Federal Republic of Somalia and its constituent Federal Member States. It was developed by the Somali linguist Shire Jama Ahmed specifically for transcribing the Somali language, and is based on the Latin script.[1] The Somali Latin alphabet uses all letters of the English Latin alphabet except p, v and z. There are no diacritics or other special characters, although it includes three consonant digraphs: DH, KH and SH. Tone is not marked and a word-initial glottal stop is also not shown. Capital letters are used for names and at the beginning of a sentence.
Form
The Somali Latin alphabet is largely phonemic, with consonants having a one-to-one correspondence between graphemes and phonemes. Long vowels are written by doubling the vowel. However, the distinction between tense and lax vowels is not represented. Diphthongs are represented using Y or W as the second element (AY, AW, EY, OY and OW) and long diphthongs are shown with the first vowel doubled.
As there is no central regulation of the language, there is some variation in orthography, the endings -ay and -ey being particularly interchangeable.
The Somali Latin alphabet, which follows an Arabic-based order, is seen in the following table. The letters' names (with their Arabic equivalents) are spelt out in the following table.
| Alphabet | Name | Arabic equivalent | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|---|
| ' | ء | /ʔ/ | |
| B | ba | ﺏ | /b/ |
| T | ta | ﺕ | /t/ |
| J | jeem | ﺝ | |
| X | xa | ﺡ | /x/ |
| KH | kha | ﺥ | |
| D | deel | د | /d/ |
| R | ra | ر | Alveolar trill |
| S | siin | ﺱ | Voiceless alveolar fricative |
| SH | shiin | ﺵ | |
| DH | dha | ط or ظ | |
| C | cayn | ﻉ | |
| G | gayn | غ | Voiced velar plosive |
| F | fa | ف | Voiceless labiodental fricative |
| Q | qaff | ﻕ | |
| K | kaaf | ﻙ | Voiceless velar plosive |
| L | laan | ﻝ | Alveolar lateral approximant |
| M | miim | ﻡ | Bilabial nasal |
| N | nun | ن | Alveolar nasal |
| W | waw | و | |
| H | ha | ه | Voiceless glottal fricative |
| Y | ya | ﻱ | |
| A | a | ||
| E | e | ||
| I | i | ||
| O | o | ||
| U | u |
The Somali alphabet lacks equivalents of the Arabic letters thā’ (ث), dhal (ذ), zāy (ز), ṣād (ص), ḍād (ض), and ṭā’ (ط).
The following elements of the Somali alphabet either are not IPA symbols in their lower case versions, or else have values divergent from IPA symbols:
See also
Notes
- ↑ Laitin, p. 102
References
- David D., Laitin (1977). Politics, language, and thought: the Somali experience. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-46791-0.