Sigma-class design

Sigma 9113-class corvette (KRI Diponegoro)
Class overview
Builders:
Operators:
Subclasses:
  • 9113 (Indonesian corvette variant)
  • 9813 (Moroccan heavy corvette variant)
  • 10513 (Moroccan light frigate variant)
  • 10514 (Indonesian frigate variant)
  • 10514 LROPV (POLA) (Mexican LR OPV Variant)
Built: 2005–present
In commission: 2007–present
Planned: 15
Building: 1
Completed: 9
Cancelled: 1
Active: 9
Laid up: 1
General characteristics
Type: Corvette & frigate
Displacement: 1,692 tons
Length: 90.71 m (297 ft 7 in)
Beam: 13.02 m (42 ft 9 in)
Draft: 3.60 m (11 ft 10 in)
Propulsion:
  • 2 × SEMT Pielstick 20PA6B STC rated at 8910 kW each driving a lightweight Geislinger coupling combination BE 72/20/125N + BF 110/50/2H (steel – composite coupling combination)
  • 4 × Caterpillar 3406C TA generator rated at 350 kW each
  • 1 × Caterpillar 3304B emergency generator rated at 105 kW
  • 2 × shaft with Rolls Royce Kamewa 5 bladed CP propeller
  • 2 × Renk ASL94 single step reduction gear[1] with passive roll stabilization
Speed:
  • Maximum: 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph)
  • Cruising: 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)
  • Economy: 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph)
Range:
  • At cruising speed of 18 kn (33 km/h; 21 mph): 3,600 nmi (6,700 km; 4,100 mi)
  • At economy speed of 14 kn (26 km/h; 16 mph): 4,800 nmi (8,900 km; 5,500 mi)
Complement: 20, up to 80
Sensors and
processing systems:
  • Combat System: Thales Group TACTICOS[2] with 4 x Multifunction Operator Console Mk 3 2H
  • Search radar: MW08 3D multibeam surveillance radar
  • IFF: Thales TSB 2525 Mk XA (integrated with MW08)
  • Navigation radar: Sperry Marine BridgeMasterE ARPA radar
  • Fire control radar: LIROD Mk 2 tracking radar
  • Data Link: LINK Y Mk 2 datalink system
  • Sonar: Thales UMS 4132 Kingklip medium frequency active/passive ASW hull mounted sonar
  • Internal Communications: Thales Communication's Fibre Optical COmmunications Network (FOCON) or EID's ICCS where on-board users have access to internal and/or external communication channels and integrated remote control of communications equipment
  • Satellite Comms: Nera F series
  • Navigation System: Raytheon Anschutz integrated navigation
  • Integrated Platform Management System: Imtech UniMACs 3000 Integrated Bridge System[3]
Electronic warfare
& decoys:
  • ESM: Thales DR3000
  • ECM: Racal Scorpion 2L
  • Decoy: TERMA SKWS, DLT-12T 130mm decoy launchers, port, starboard
Armament:
Aviation facilities: Landing pad, optional hangar

The Sigma class is a Dutch-built family of modular naval vessels, of either corvette or frigate size, designed by Damen Group.

Modular design

The basic design of the Sigma Patrol Series can vary as the hull segments are designed as components. Ships can vary in the number of hull segments and in the order in which they are placed. Sigma stands for Ship Integrated Geometrical Modularity Approach. The ship's main dimensions are named in the types itself, SIGMA 9113 stands for 91 metres (298 ft 7 in) long and with a beam of 13 metres (42 ft 8 in). Likewise, the SIGMA 10513, is 105 metres (344 ft 6 in) in length with a beam of 13 meters.

The design was derived from the earlier High Speed Displacement hull form by MARIN Teknikk AS in the 1970s.

Users

  • Indonesia (TNI-AL) has four SIGMA 9113 Diponegoro-class corvettes in active service from 2009. In August 2010, Indonesia signed a deal to build Martadinata-class frigates based on the SIGMA 10514 in PT PAL Shipyard at Surabaya, Indonesia. A second contract was signed in February 2013. Eventually six ships will be built. The first ship, KRI Raden Eddy Martadinata (331), was commissioned on 7 April 2017 at Tanjung Priok.[4] The second ship, KRI I Gusti Ngurah Rai (332), was commissioned on 10 January 2018.[5]
  • Morocco has ordered two 9813 class heavy corvettes (with VLS) and a light 10513 class frigate based on a modified design.

Under construction

  • Mexico has ordered 1 Sigma 10514 LRP[6] based upon the Indonesian variant with different weapon systems and different role. The Mexican navy will use its Sigma frigate as a long range patrol vessel. The keel was laid on 17 August 2017, with launch planned for 2018 and service to begin in 2020. The ship will be built in six modules, with two of these modules built by Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding in Vlissingen in the Netherlands, and the remaining four by the Mexican Navy shipyard in Salina Cruz under the supervision of Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding. The Sigma will replace the four Allende class (ex-USN Knox class), and two Bravo class (ex-USN Bronstein class) of frigates, so as many as six Sigmas may be built.

Potential operators

  • Poland - Damen Schelde submitted[7] its SIGMA PL 10514 in two variants for the competition to supply the Polish Navy with options for their Miecznik & Czapla programmes. Miecznik will be a coastal defense ship and Czapla a patrol ship.
  • Peru - The Peruvian Navy plans to acquire between three and six ships, with a displacement of 3,000 to 4,000 tons. During the 6th International Exhibition of Technology in Defense and Prevention of Natural Disasters (Sitdef 2017) Damen Group offered the Sigma-class design to the Peruvian Navy. It believes that the variety of models of frigates offered by the Sigma series allows to fit without difficulty to the requirements of the Peruvian Navy.[8]
  • Colombia - The Colombian Navy wants to buy new ships, which will replace the Almirante Padilla class. Damen is one of the potential candidates to build the ships for the Colombian Navy.[9][10]
  • Romania is planning to purchase four corvettes in the upcoming seven years, which have to be built and equipped in a Romanian building yard.[11][12] Previously, in December 2016, the Romanian government decided that Damen Group would build four Sigma light frigates for a total of 1.6 billion euro at the Damen Galați Shipyard.[13] However, the new Romanian government is repealing this decision and will re-open the procurement again.[14] Nonetheless, Damen Group is a top contender for the job, since it has the only shipyard in Romania that has recent experience with building new naval ships reasonably fast and at a competitive price.[15]
  • Brazil - On June 18th 2018 Damen announced its partnership[16] with Saab and Wilson Sons shipyard for the Brazilian navy's Tamandaré class corvettes. The class will consist of 4 ships with the Damen proposal based upon the SIGMA 10514 fitted with Saab's 9LV Combat Management System and Saab sensors. The ships will (mostly) be constructed at Willsons Sons shipyard who has been working with Damen for over 20 years on the civil shipbuilding market.

Failed bids

Indonesian Navy variants

SIGMA 9113

The Indonesian variant is based on the Sigma 9113 design.[19] Work on the first of the class, KRI Diponegoro, began with the first steel cutting conducted in October 2004. The ship was christened on 16 September 2006 and commissioned on 2 July 2007 by Admiral Slamet Soebijanto, Indonesian Navy Chief of Staff.[20]

Options for two other units were exercised in January 2006 with the first steel cut commenced on 3 April 2006[21] in Damen's Schelde Naval Shipbuilding yard, Vlissingen-Oost yard and not in Surabaya stated earlier.

On 28 August 2007, Jane's Missiles and Rockets reported[22] that Indonesia was having problems securing the export license for the MM-40 Exocet block II and are considering Chinese made C-802 anti-ship missiles as alternatives. However, the ships have already been delivered with the Exocet missiles.

The SIGMA 10514-class frigate KRI Raden Eddy Martadinata

SIGMA 10514

On the 16 August 2010, Indonesia Defense Department, signed a deal[23][24] with PT PAL Indonesia and Damen Schelde to build a 105-meter frigate in Indonesia based on Damen Schelde Sigma 10514 design. For the first ship, five modules for the ship will be built in Indonesia and the Dutch manufacturer Damen Schelde will build 2 modules while for the second ship the Indonesians will build six modules and Damen Schelde will build one module. The first hull will only be equipped with guns (without major weapons) and the second hull is complete with major weapons such as 76 mm main cannon, 12 MICA vertical launch air defence missile, MM-40 Exocet block III, Torpedo, and SMART-S MK2 radar system.[25] The Indonesian Navy announced that it will build two destroyer escorts referring to the SIGMA 10514. On the Indo Defence 2012 exposition a model was revealed showing the phalanx and ASW mortar replaced by a single 35 mm Oerlikon Millennium Gun system,[26] also the 76 mm had a stealth cupola. Some reported that the VLS missiles will be Aster-15 instead of MICA, due to these changes the ships role also changed from ASW to AAW.

On 1 February 2013 it was announced that a second unit will be built by Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding and PT PAL Surabaya, the second contract includes torpedo tubes, combat control room and a couple of surface weapons. As of December 2015, the first ship, KRI Raden Eddy Martadinata (331), was 85% complete and the ship was launched on 18 January 2016.[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] On 7 April 2017 the first ship, KRI Raden Eddy Martadinata (331), was commissioned at Tanjung Priok.[4] The second ship, KRI I Gusti Ngurah Rai (332), was commissioned on 10 January 2018.[5]

Moroccan Navy variants

On 6 February 2008,[35] Morocco signed a USD$1.2 billion contract with Schelde Naval Shipbuilding for two light frigate SIGMA 9813 and one light frigate SIGMA 10145, which are modified versions of the existing Sigma-class design.

A subsequent contract was signed[36] on 1 April 2008 with Thales Nederland for the supply and installation of the command and control and sensor package for the ships. The package included TACTICOS combat management system, SMART-S Mk2 surveillance radar, LIROD Mk2 tracking radar, Thales KINGKLIP sonar system, IFF system, Integrated communication system comprising external communication system and FOCON internal communication system, two Target Designation Sights, VIGILE ESM system, SCORPION ECM system, and the integrated navigation system.

The first frigate for Morocco, Tarik ben Ziyad, was launched in July 2010,[37] began sea trials on 6 May 2011[38] and was delivered on 12 September 2011.[39] The second ship was launched on 2 February 2011,[37] with sea trials planned for late in the year.[38] The third ship was planned to be launched in September 2011.[38]

Romanian Navy variant

In November 2016 the Romanian Navy indicated that Damen Shipyard's Sigma-class design had been selected to supply four vessels, to be locally constructed at the Damen Shipyard in Galati. Romania will order four multi-role corvettes for a total of 1.6 billion euros including training, spare parts and ammunition. The first ship is planned to be delivered within 2.5 years after contract signing.[11][12]

The Romanian Navy has studied the SIGMA 9813 and SIGMA 10514 with the 10514 meeting most of the requirements. No official confirmation has been given on what variant of SIGMA will be ordered.

Mexican Navy variant

Mexican Long Range Patrol "POLA".

On 18 August 2017, Damen announced the keel laying for one SIGMA 10514 Long Range Patrol (SIGMA 10514 LRP/ SIGMA 10514 POLA) at Damen Schelde Naval Shipyard in Vlissingen for the Mexican Navy. The vessel will be constructed modularly in six modules, two modules are to be constructed in Vlissingen and the other four modules in Mexico. According to the Defense Security Cooperation Agency Major Arms Sale notification on 5 January 2018, the primary weapon systems for the Sigma class will include RGM-84L Harpoon Block II, RIM-162 ESSM[40] with eight cell MK56 VLS launcher, MK 54 Mod 0 lightweight torpedoes with two (2) MK 32 Surface Vessel Torpedo Tubes (SVTT) triple tube launchers, Block II Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) missiles and Bofors 57 mm gun. [41] In April 2018 Damen Group contracted Spanish defense technology company Indra to equip the Mexican Navy’s new long-range offshore patrol vessel (POLA) with its RIGEL electronic defense system.[42]

Ships of class

Indonesian Navy / Sigma 9113 design

Name Pennant Laid down Launched Commissioned Notes
KRI Diponegoro 365 24 March 2005 16 September 2006 5 July 2007 Diponegoro, a National Hero from Central Java
KRI Sultan Hasanuddin 366 24 March 2005 16 September 2006 24 November 2007 Sultan Hasanuddin, a National Hero from South Sulawesi
KRI Sultan Iskandar Muda 367 8 May 2006 24 November 2007 18 October 2008 Iskandar Muda, a National Hero from Aceh
KRI Frans Kaisiepo 368 8 May 2006 28 June 2008 7 March 2009 Frans Kaisiepo, a National Hero from Papua and the fourth Governor of Papua

Indonesian Navy / Sigma 10514 design

Name Pennant Laid down Launched Commissioned Notes
KRI Raden Eddy Martadinata 331 16 April 2014 18 January 2016 7 April 2017 Raden Eddy Martadinata, a National Hero from Bandung and one of the founders Of Indonesian Navy
KRI I Gusti Ngurah Rai 332 18 January 2016 29 September 2016 10 January 2018 I Gusti Ngurah Rai, a National Hero from Bali Island and leader of Puputan War against Dutch Colonialist Government

Moroccan Navy / Sigma 9813 & 10513 design

Name Pennant Laid down Launched Commissioned
RMNS Tarik Ben Ziyad 613 15 April 2009 12 July 2010[43] 10 September 2011[44]
RMNS Sultan Moulay Ismail 614 March 2009 4 February 2011[45] 10 March 2012[46]
RMNS Allal Ben Abdellah 615 September 2009 October 2011 8 September 2012[47]

Note: 613 now shows on AIS as Sultan Moulay Ismail.

Mexican Navy / Sigma 10514 LRP design

Name Pennant Laid down Launched Commissioned
ARM Reformador[48] 101 17 August 2017 TBA TBA

Sigma versions

There are three types of Sigma combatants

  • Sigma frigate
  • Sigma corvette
  • Sigma fast attack corvette

Simplified comparisons between the different Sigma models.

SpecificationsCompact Sigma 5910[49]Compact Sigma 7310 [50]Sigma 9113[51]Sigma 9813[52]Sigma 9814[53][54]Sigma 10513[55]Sigma 10514[56]Sigma 10514 LRPSigma 10514
Ordered by–– Indonesian Navy Royal Moroccan Navy Vietnam People's Navy (cancelled[57]) Royal Moroccan Navy Indonesian Navy Mexican Navy Brazilian Navy
TypeFast Attack CorvetteFast Attack CorvetteCorvetteFrigateFrigateFrigateFrigateLong Range Patrol Vessel (POLA)Corvette
Planned/Built--42012At least 44 Planned
Length58.6 meters74.2 meters90.01 meters97.91 meters99.91 meters105.11 meters105.11 meters107.14 meters105.11 meters
Beam10.00 meters10.00 meters13.02 meters13.02 meters14.02 meters13.02 meters14.02 meters14.02 meters14.02 meters
Draft3.10 meters3.10 meters3.60 meters3.75 meters3.75 meters3.75 meters3.75 meters3.75 meters3.75 meters
Displacement750 tons900 tons1,692 tons2,075 tons2,150 tons2,335 tons2,365 tons2,575 tons2,365 tons
Main machinery3 x –4x 3900  kW2 x 8910 kW2 x 8910 kWtbd2 x 8910 kW2 x 9240 kW2 x 13410 kWtbd
Speed (cruising)18 knots18 knots18 knots18 knotstbd18 knots18 knots18 knotstbd
Speed (maximum)32 knots34 knots28 knots28 knotstbd28 knots28 knots28 knotstbd
Endurance2,000  nm2,000  nm4,000 nm4,000 nmtbd4,000 nm5,000 nm5,000 nm+5,000 nm
Primary sensorsThales Smart-S MK2Thales NS-100Thales MW08Thales SMART-S MK2Thales SMART-S MK2Thales SMART-S MK2Thales SMART-S MK2Thales SMART-S MK2Saab Giraffe AMB
Complement37508091103110122122tbd
Helicopternonenonedeck onlydeck and hangar (9 ton)deck and hangardeck and hangar (9 ton)deck and hangar (10 ton)deck and hangar (10 ton)deck and hangar (10 ton)
Status––In ServiceIn ServiceCancelledIn ServiceIn ServiceUnder ConstructionUnder Negotiation

There are multiple new Sigma designs released in early 2015 of which little is known, these are the:

Sigma 8313 / Sigma 8011 / Sigma 7613 / Sigma 6610

They are likely to be part of the Compact SIGMA series, a new series small sized combatants with shorter range and up to 2 weeks mission endurance with the same combat systems as the larger Sigmas.[58]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "RENK AG Press Release, September 2006, Diesel Propulsion Drives: When perfection arises from tradition". Renk.de. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  2. ↑ "Thales to supply key systems for new corvettes Indonesian Navy worth 60m euro". Thales-nederland.nl. Archived from the original on 2012-02-09. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  3. ↑ "Imtech Naval Projects Reference List" (PDF). Marine.imtech.nl. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  4. 1 2 Rahmat, Ridzwan. "Indonesia commissions first Martadinata-class guided-missile frigate". www.janes.com. IHS Jane's 360. Retrieved 9 May 2017.
  5. 1 2 "Indonesia commissions second Martadinata-class frigate". Jane's 360. Retrieved 11 January 2018.
  6. ↑ "Cookies op pzc.nl - pzc.nl". www.pzc.nl. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  7. ↑ "Balt Military Expo 2016: DAMEN Unveils SIGMA 10514PL Designs Based on SIGMA 10514 PKR". navyrecognition.com. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  8. ↑ "Damen apuesta a su serie Sigma para el mercado naval latinoamericano" (in Spanish). InfoDefensa. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  9. ↑ "Thyssen, Damen, Navantia, Daewoo y STX se posicionan como favoritas en el Programa PES" (in Spanish). InfoDefensa. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  10. ↑ "Plataforma estratégica de superficie (PES) - Strategic Surface Platform (PES)". Global Security. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  11. 1 2 "Romania to buy 3 sub, 4 ships to bolster Black Sea ops". DefenseNews. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  12. 1 2 "România cumpără 4 corvete noi, pe care Olanda le va fabrica la Galaţi. Cât costă navele şi de ce are România nevoie de ele" (in Romanian). Gandul. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  13. ↑ PM Grindeanu: Thursday we’ll repeal Ciolos Government’s decision on corvettes, Nine o'clock, 15 March 2017, retrieved 11 February 2018
  14. ↑ "Romania's Naval Forces at crossroads". Romania Energy Center. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  15. ↑ "Defence Ministry to buy 4 corvettes by 2024 in a EUR 1.6bn investment". The Romania Journal. Retrieved 11 February 2018.
  16. ↑ https://www.damen.com/en/news/2018/06/damen_and_saab_announce_partnership_to_participate_on_the_tender_for_the_tamandare_class_corvette
  17. ↑ "Egyptian Navy would be about to order 4 to 6 Gowind Combat Corvettes from DCNS". Navyrecognition.com. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  18. ↑ "Defense Studies". Defense-studies.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  19. ↑ "Indonesian Specifications of the Sigma Class coverttes". Scheldeshipbuilding.com. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  20. ↑ "ANTARA News: Navy chief takes delivery of corvette made in Netherlands". Antara.co.id. Archived from the original on 2009-04-10. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  21. ↑ "Two SIGMA 9113 corvettes more for Indonesia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2006.
  22. ↑ "JMR: Indonesia evaluates C-802". Janes.com. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  23. ↑ "JNR: Indonesia selects Damen for frigate contract". Janes.com. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  24. ↑ "Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding". Damenaval.com. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  25. ↑ "DEFENSE STUDIES". Defense-studies.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  26. ↑ "Garuda Militer". Garudamiliter.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  27. ↑ "DEFENSE STUDIES: Kemhan Memproses Kontrak Pembelian PKR 105 Kedua dengan Damen Schelde". Defense-studies.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  28. ↑ "The Indonesian Navy Task Force of PKR Starts its Mission in the Netherlands". Defense-studies.blogspot.com. April 15, 2013. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  29. ↑ "Two-Ship Programme Firms Up for Indonesian PKR Frigate". Defense-studies.blogspot.com. May 17, 2013. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  30. ↑ "Dutch Firm Gets Green Light for Military Exports to Indonesia". Defense-studies.blogspot.com. June 5, 2013. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  31. ↑ "Indonesia signs for Thales TACTICOS system". Garudamiliter.blogspot.com. September 10, 2013. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  32. ↑ "Thales to supply mission suite for Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL) PKR vessels". Navyrecognition.com. November 18, 2013. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  33. ↑ "Damen (DSNS) starts steel cutting for SIGMA 10514 PKR Frigate for Indonesia Navy (TNI AL)". Navyrecognition.com. January 15, 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  34. ↑ "Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding lays keel of first SIGMA 10514 PKR Frigate for TNI AL (Indonesia)". Navyrecognition.com. April 19, 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  35. ↑ Joris Janssen Lok (8 February 2008). "Morocco's Dutch Frigate Order is Confirmed". Aviation Week & Space Technology.
  36. ↑ Frank van de Wiel (7 April 2008). "Thales awarded contract for Moroccan OPV". Thales Nederland. Archived from the original on April 13, 2008.
  37. 1 2 "The Netherlands: Second Multi-Mission Frigate Launches at Damen Shipyard for Moroccan Navy". Shipbuilding Tribune. 4 March 2011. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  38. 1 2 3 "First Multi Mission Frigate for Royal Moroccan Navy Starts Sea Trials". Shipbuilding Tribune. 12 May 2011. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  39. ↑ "Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding Delivers SIGMA Class Frigate to Royal Moroccan Navy". Shipbuilding Tribune. 12 September 2011. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  40. ↑ https://www.janes.com/article/82321/mexico-to-acquire-evolved-seasparrow-missiles
  41. ↑ "DSCA Major Arms Sales News Release" (Press release). DSCA. 5 January 2018. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
  42. ↑ "Mexican Navy long-range OPV getting Indra's RIGEL electronic defense system". Naval Today. 18 April 2018. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  43. ↑ "News – Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding". Damennaval.com. 2010-07-18. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
  44. ↑ "Moroccan Navy receives first Sigma Class frigate". Naval Technology.
  45. ↑ "News – Damen Schelde Naval Shipbuilding". Damennaval.com. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
  46. ↑ "Moroccan Navy receives second Sigma-class frigate". Naval Technology.
  47. ↑ "Moroccan Navy commissions its third SIGMA-class frigate". Naval Technology.
  48. ↑ infodefensa.com
  49. ↑ Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
  50. ↑ Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
  51. ↑ Archived September 11, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
  52. ↑ "SIGMA 9813 Sultan Moulay Ismail Allal Ben Abdellah Morocco Royal Moroccan Navy البحرية الملكية Frégates Multi-Missions Marocaines FMMM DSNS DAMEN Schelde Naval Shipbuilding datasheet pictures photos video specifications". Navyrecognition.com. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  53. ↑ "Vietnam Navy selects MBDA Exocet and VL Mica missiles for its Sigma 9814 Corvettes". Navyrecognition.com. November 4, 2013. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  54. ↑ "Design of future Damen SIGMA 9814 Corvettes for Vietnamese Navy revealed". Navyrecognition.com. March 1, 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  55. ↑ "SIGMA 10513 Tarik Ben Ziad Frigate طارق بن زياد Morocco Royal Moroccan Navy البحرية الملكية Frégates Multi-Missions Marocaines FMMM DSNS DAMEN Schelde Naval Shipbuilding datasheet pictures photos video specifications". Navyrecognition.com. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  56. ↑ "SIGMA 10514 PKR Frigate Indonesia Indonesian Navy TNI AL Perusak Kawal Rudal PT PAL DSNS DAMEN Schelde Naval Shipbuilding KRI datasheet pictures photos video specifications". Navyrecognition.com. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  57. ↑ "Vietnam's Quest for a Greenwater Navy". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2016-03-18.
  58. ↑ "DAMEN introduced the new "Compact SIGMA" line of corvettes during DSEI 2013". Navyrecognition.com. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
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