Serving size

Dividing the cooked food in portions for a group meal. Campada, Guinea-Bissau, 1974.

A serving size or portion size is the amount of a food or drink that is generally served.

A distinction is made between a portion size as determined by an external agent, such as a food manufacturer, chef, or restaurant, and a 'self selected portion size' in which an individual has control over the portion in a meal or snack.[1] Self-selected portion size is determined by several factors such as the palatability of a food and the extent to which it is expected to reduce hunger and to generate fullness (see expected satiety).

Measurement

Bulk products, such as sugar, generally have sizes in common units of measurement, such as the cup or tablespoon. Commonly divided products, such as pie or cake, have a serving size given in a fraction of the whole product (e.g. 1/8 cake). Products which are sliced beforehand or are bought in distinct, grouped units (e.g. olives), are listed in the approximate number of units corresponding to the reference amount. For example, if the reference amount for olives were 30 g, and one olive weighed 10 g, the serving size would probably be listed as "3 olives".

Health effects

As of 2017, it was not clear if controlling the serving size (called "portion control") was an effective way to change the amount of food or drink that people consume.[2] However evidence from a systematic review of 72 randomized controlled trials indicates that people consistently eat more food when offered larger portion, package, or tableware sizes rather than smaller size alternatives.[3]

United States

Serving sizes are found on both the Food Pyramid and its successor program MyPlate as well as nutrition labels, and has two related but differing meanings. The USDA Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion sets the standards for My Plate and related guidelines. The FDA defines the "Reference Amounts Customarily Consumed" (RACC) tables used by food manufacturers to determine the serving size on the Nutrition Facts Panel, and the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Services labels.[4]

The nutrition facts label is designed to give consumers important nutritional information about a product and allow comparisons with other food. The serving size indicates the amount of food for which the nutrition information is shown. RACCs were established by regulation in 1993 in response to the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act and were based on how much food people typically eat, balanced with desired portion size. Ice cream is the classic example where the RACC is 1/2 cup, but people more often consume more.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Brunstrom, J. M. (2014). "Mind over platter: pre-meal planning and the control of meal size in humans". International Journal of Obesity. 38: S9–12. doi:10.1038/ijo.2014.83. PMC 4105578.
  2. ↑ Steenhuis, I; Poelman, M (March 2017). "Portion Size: Latest Developments and Interventions". Current obesity reports. 6 (1): 10–17. doi:10.1007/s13679-017-0239-x. PMC 5359369. PMID 28265869.
  3. ↑ Hollands, GJ; Shemilt, I; Marteau, TM; Jebb, SA; Lewis, HB; Wei, Y; et al. (September 14, 2015). "Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco". Cochrane Public Health Group. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (9): Art. No.: CD011045. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011045.pub2.
  4. ↑ "Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21". FDA.
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