Scream queen

Beginnings

The use of women in horror films dates back to the silent film era, with films such as The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920) and Nosferatu (1922). George Feltenstein, film historian and senior vice president of theatrical catalog marketing at Warner Home Video, states, "Women screaming in terror has been a Hollywood mainstay — even when films were silent".^[3] One of the first scream queens in the talkies was Fay Wray, as her character in King Kong (1933) spent a good part of her interactions with the ape shrieking in terror. Barbara Steele, who is best remembered as Mario Bava’s muse in the Italian gothic horror masterpiece, Black Sunday (1960), can also be considered as one of the greatest scream queens in horror history due to her constant appearances as the female protagonist in Italian horror films. She was adept at playing the damsel in distress or the monster, and her exotic looks separated her from the stereotypical blonde starlets featured in countless horror films.

1970s

Sandra Peabody who portrayed Mari Collingwood in The Last House on the Left (1972), Marilyn Burns who portrayed Sally Hardesty in The Texas Chain Saw Massacre (1974), Olivia Hussey who portrayed Jess Bradford in Black Christmas (1974), and Jamie Lee Curtis who portrayed Laurie Strode in Halloween (1978) were the four actresses of the 1970s that became the seminal examples of the label for the decade.^[6] After The Last House on the Left, Peabody went on to appear in the horror films Voices of Desire (1972), Massage Parlor Murders (1973), Case of the Full Moon Murders (1973), and Legacy of Satan (1974). Burns followed her performance in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre with roles in Helter Skelter (1976) and Eaten Alive (1977). In Halloween, Jamie Lee Curtis, daughter of Psycho actress Janet Leigh, had her first film role. Portraying Laurie Strode in Halloween, Curtis established herself as the "ultimate 'scream queen'" and was even referenced as such in the horror film Scream (1996) by Randy Meeks. Curtis went on to star in several other horror films after that, two of them being The Fog and Halloween H20: 20 Years Later, in both of which she appears with Leigh.

Daria Nicolodi, who used to be Dario Argento's partner, himself master of Italian horror cinema, played the role of the scream queen in most of his films (Deep Red, Inferno, Phenomena, Terror at the Opera). Also Mario Bava called on Nicolodi for Shock (1977). In 1982, Nicolodi played Anne in Argento's Tenebrae. Daria's hysterics at the end of the picture remain memorable.

1980s

The success of Halloween made slasher films known again, and so that type of film saw a revival during the late 1970s and entire 1980s.^[7] A few such films worth mentioning include Terror Train and Prom Night, in which Jamie Lee Curtis would again essay this type of role; Friday the 13th, the first entry to have both a female antagonist (Betsy Palmer) and protagonist (Adrienne King);^[8] and A Nightmare on Elm Street, now considered a slasher-classic,^[9] which introdued supernatural serial killer Freddy Krueger, and whose leading actress, Heather Langenkamp, was dubbed a scream queen, and went on to become one of the most influential. Linnea Quigley also became a scream queen during the 1980s, appearing specifically in low-budget and cult-classic films such as Silent Night, Deadly Night and Return of the Living Dead. Mark Patton, star of A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge (1985), has in recent years been touted at horror conventions as mainstream horror's first "male scream queen". ^[10] Bruce Campbell, lead actor of the Evil Dead franchise, has been branded as "the definitive scream king." ^[11]

1990s

During the 1990s, Debbie Rochon starred in dozens of Troma Production horror films, and was voted by Draculina magazine as its "Scream Queen of the Decade". Neve Campbell also began her career in horror with The Craft (1996), and later went on to star as Sidney Prescott in the Scream film series. Jennifer Love Hewitt was reckoned a scream queen after her I Know What You Did Last Summer films.^[12] The first film of that trilogy also had a starring role for Sarah Michelle Gellar, who is best known for her television role as the title character in the series Buffy the Vampire Slayer and went on to appear in other horror films made during the 1990s and new millennium, including Scream 2 and The Grudge film series.^[13]

2000s

In 2005, Elisha Cuthbert starred in the horror film House of Wax and Captivity in 2007, gained the status by those films.^[14][15] 2006 saw Kate Beckinsale earn the award for "Best Scream Queen" at the Scream Awards for her role in Underworld: Evolution (2006). In 2007, USA Today published an article listing its opinion of who qualified as a modern scream queens; the list included Sheri Moon Zombie, Jaimie Alexander, Andrea Bogart, Mercedes McNab, Tiffany Shepis, Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Katie Cassidy, Naomi Watts, Katharine Isabelle, Briana Evigan, and Cerina Vincent.^[3] Since 2007 and her appearance in Halloween, Danielle Harris has increased her genre work, being subsequently called "horror's reigning scream queen" by the NY Daily News.^[16]

2010s

Not only have Danielle Harris and Katharine Isabelle had increased horror credits in the 2010s, but other actresses such as Chloë Grace Moretz, sisters Vera Farmiga and Taissa Farmiga, Emma Roberts, and Maika Monroe have also built careers in the horror genre. Moretz is known for her roles in remakes such as Let Me In (2010), Dark Shadows (2012), Carrie (2013), and Suspiria (2018), and also appeared in The Amityville Horror (2005), Room 6 (2006), Wicked Little Things (2006), Hallowed Ground (2007), and The Eye (2008). Vera Farmiga had lead roles in Joshua (2007), Orphan (2009), The Conjuring (2013), and The Conjuring 2 (2016). Vera Farmiga also starred in the series Bates Motel, a contemporary prequel to Psycho. Taissa Farmiga starred in multiple seasons of the series American Horror Story, and had lead roles in Mindscape (2013), The Final Girls (2015) and the fifth film in The Conjuring franchise, The Nun (2018). Roberts co-starred in Scream 4 (2011) and The Blackcoat's Daughter (2015), and appeared in the series Scream Queens with Abigail Breslin and American Horror Story with Taissa Farmiga. Monroe is best known for her starring roles in It Follows (2014) and The Guest (2014). Internationally, Bipasha Basu has been referred as "Bollywood's Scream Queen" due to her contributions towards horror in India with her blockbuster horror movies like Raaz (2002) and Raaz 3D (2012).^[17] Most recently, Lulu Wilson and Anya Taylor-Joy have been labeled scream queens for their performances in Ouija: Origin of Evil (2016) and Annabelle: Creation (2017) for Wilson, and The Witch (2015), Split (2016), Marrowbone (2017), Glass (2019) and The New Mutants (2019) for Taylor-Joy.

In 2016, Screen Rant listed the "15 Greatest Scream Queens in Horror History", which includes Linda Blair, Danielle Harris, Lisa Wilcox, Vera Farmiga, Janet Leigh, Marilyn Burns, Veronica Cartwright, Neve Campbell, Naomi Watts, Heather Langenkamp, Eva Green, Chloë Grace Moretz, Sarah Michelle Gellar, Barbara Steele and Jamie Lee Curtis.^[18]