Sarju River

Sarju River
Sarju River
Sarju River
Country  India
State Uttarakhand
region Kumaon
Physical characteristics
Main source Sarmul, 15 km south of Nanda Kot[1]
3,000 m (9,800 ft)
30°7′58″N 80°1′56″E / 30.13278°N 80.03222°E / 30.13278; 80.03222
River mouth Sharda River,[2] Uttarakhand, India
429 m (1,407 ft)[3]
29°26′38″N 80°14′33″E / 29.44389°N 80.24250°E / 29.44389; 80.24250Coordinates: 29°26′38″N 80°14′33″E / 29.44389°N 80.24250°E / 29.44389; 80.24250
Length 130 km (81 mi)
Basin features
Tributaries

The Sarju River (Kumaoni: सरज्यू, Hindi: सरयू), also known as Saryu, is a major river draining Central Kumaon region[4] in the Indian state of Uttarakhand.[5] The Sarju is the largest tributary of the Sharda River.[6][7] The river forms the South-eastern border between the districts of Pithoragarh and Almora.[8][9] Temperate and sub-Tropical forests cover the entire Catchment area of the River.[10]

Course

The Sarju rises in the extreme north of the district Bageshwar on the southern slope of a ridge of the Nanda Kot. It flows initially around 50 km in southwest direction by the Kumaon Himalayas where it receives Punger river from the left and Lahor river from the right.[11] Then the river turns towards south and flows through the city of Bageshwar, where it receives Gomati from the right.[12][13] The Sarju flows to the lower 65 km in mainly southeastern direction.[14] 20 km above its mouth, Ramganga meets the left side on the Sarju. Finally Sarju reaches at Pancheshwar at the Nepalese border to Sharda River after travelling a total of 130 km.

Geology

Sarju transfers a sedimental load of 498.4 kg/sec during the peak of raining season.[15]

Water Quality Characteristics of Sarju during water years 1987 and 1988[16][17]
ParameterPHAlkalinityHardnessConductivityCalciumMagnesiumSodiumPotassiumChlorideSulphate
Value7.9111.2101.32137.1118.8911.113.501.808.102.41

Tributaries

Bagnath Temple at Bageshwar is situated at the confluence of Gomati and Sarju

Gomati

Gomati river originates in the higher reaches of Bhatkot and merges into Sarju river at Bageshwar.[18] It flows through the Katyur Valley which constitutes a major Agricultural zone of Kumaon.[19]

Kuloor

The Kuloor river rises above the Bhadrkali Temple near Sani-Udiyar, and flows through Rawatsera, Bans Patan and Ganai Gangoli, before joining the Sarju at Seraghat.

Punger

Punger river rises near village Sangar and joins Sarju from the left at Sartana.[20]

Lahor

Lahor is a small river that joins Sarju from the right.[21]

Panar

Panar originates on the northern slopes of the Mornaula Range, south-east of Almora.[22] Panar joins Sarju near Rameshwar.[23]

Ramganga

Ramganga is the largest tributary of Sarju. It originates from the Namik Glacier in Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand and flows towards Southeast.[24][25] The river is fed by numerous small and big rivers and finally joins river Sarju at Rameshwar.[26]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Sati, Uttaranchal: Dilemma of Plenties and Scarcities, pg-79
  2. ↑ Sharda River is known as Kali Ganga in mountainous regions of Kumaon
  3. ↑ Sati, Uttaranchal: Dilemma of Plenties and Scarcities, pg-79
  4. ↑ Negi, Kumaun: The Land and the People, pg-82
  5. ↑ Conder, India, pg-238
  6. ↑ Gulia, Discovering Himalaya: Tourism Of Himalayan Region, pg-84
  7. ↑ Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-18
  8. ↑ Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-170
  9. ↑ Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-331
  10. ↑ Negi, Himalayan Rivers, Lakes, and Glaciers, pg-120
  11. ↑ Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-182
  12. ↑ Budhawar, The Call of the Mountains: Uttrakhand Explored, pg-39
  13. ↑ Guneratne, Culture and the Environment in the Himalaya, pg-134
  14. ↑ Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-182
  15. ↑ Bhatt, Ecology of the Mountain Waters, pg-48,49
  16. ↑ All values in mg/l except ph and conductivity
  17. ↑ Bhatt, Ecology of the Mountain Waters, pg-97
  18. ↑ Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-19
  19. ↑ Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-19
  20. ↑ Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-183
  21. ↑ Aggarwal, Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future, pg-182
  22. ↑ Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-19
  23. ↑ Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-19
  24. ↑ Negi, Himalayan Rivers, Lakes, and Glaciers, pg-115
  25. ↑ Rawat, Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya, pg-18
  26. ↑ Negi, Himalayan Rivers, Lakes, and Glaciers, pg-48

Bibliography

  • Rawat, Ajay Singh. Forest Management in Kumaon Himalaya: Struggle of the Marginalised People. Indus Publishing. ISBN 9788173871016.
  • Gulia, K. S. Discovering Himalaya : Tourism Of Himalayan Region (2 Vols.). Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 9788182054103.
  • Negi, Sharad Singh. Kumaun: The Land and the People. Indus Publishing. ISBN 9788185182896.
  • Negi, Sharad Singh. Himalayan Rivers, Lakes, and Glaciers. Indus Publishing. ISBN 9788185182612.
  • Bhatt, Shanker D.; Pande, Ravindra K. Ecology of the Mountain Waters. APH Publishing. ISBN 9788170243663.
  • Conder, Josiah. India. J. Duncan.
  • Aggarwal, J. C.; Agrawal, S. P. Uttarakhand: Past, Present, and Future. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 9788170225720.
  • Bhatt, Shanker D.; Pathak, Jugal K. Himalayan environment, water quality of the drainage basins. Shree Almora Book Depot.
  • Budhwar, Prem K. The Call of the Mountains: Uttrakhand Explored. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 9788124115299.
  • Guneratne, Arjun. Culture and the Environment in the Himalaya. Routledge. ISBN 9781135192877.
  • Sati, Vishwambhar Prasad; Kumar, Kamlesh. Uttaranchal: Dilemma of Plenties and Scarcities. Mittal Publications. ISBN 9788170998983.
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