Rosenkrantz (noble family)

Coat of arms of the Danish noble family Rosenkrantz (Danmarks Adels Aarbog. 1906)

Rosenkrantz (also spelled Rosencrantz) is a Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish noble family. The family is known since the 14th century and belongs to the old nobility. It has played a prominent role in Denmark and Norway, its members having been estate owners as well as high officials.[1]

The surname appears in William Shakespeare's tragedy The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (see Rosencrantz and Guildenstern). [2]

Rosenkrantz in Denmark

Rosenkrantz was initially Danish nobility with subsequent branches in both Norway and Sweden. The Yearbook of the Danish Nobility (Danmarks Adels Aarbog) operates with the following family lines:

Line I: Hevringholm

The Hevringholm line consists of the family's oldest known members, who are related to the Hevringholm estate of Vivild parish in Norddjurs. Period: c. 1300–1600.[3]

Line II: Boller

The Boller line, which includes the legitimised line and the barons Rosenkrantz of Rosendal. This line emanated from line I in the beginning of the 16th century and became extinct in the beginning of the 18th century.

Line III: Arreskov

The Arreskov line related to Arreskov in Faaborg on Funen.

Line IV: Rosenholm

The Rosenholm line consists of descendants of Jørgen Ottesen Rosenkrantz to Rosenholm. This line became extinct in the paternal line in 1802 with Frederik Christian Rosenkrantz.[4]

Line V: Villestrup (baronial)

The baronial line of Villestrup, which is a side line of line IV. This line was founded by Baron Werner Rosenkrantz til Villestrup (1700–1777). The family seat Rosenholm was inherited by this line in 1802, and all present Danish members of the Rosenkrantz family, belong to this line.[5]

Line VI: Barritskov

The Barritskov-Brusgård line, which is a side line of line IV. This line was founded by Otto Christian Rosenkrantz (1727–1785). The line is named after the Barritskov estate near Hedensted in Midtjylland, which after Frederik Christian Rosenkrantz's will was transferred to the Rosenkrantz family estate. The line became extinct in 1838 with Marcus Giøe Rosenkrantz (1762–1838).[6] [7]

Line VII: Rydhave

The Rydhave line relating to Rydhave near Vinderup in Jutland .[8]

Line VIII: Glimminge

The Glimminge line. This line was founded by Axel Eriksen Rosenkrantz (1552-1630) of Glimminge in Skåne. Among his descendants were Holger Axelsen Rosenkrantz (1586-1647) of Glimmingehus and Palle Rosenkrantz (1587-1642) of Krenkerup on Lolland. The line became extinct in 1807 with Erik Skeel Rosenkrantz to Søby (1772–1807).[9] [10]

Line IX: Older Scanian line

The older Scanian line alias the Ørup line, which emanated from line I in the beginning of the 17th century. Børge Rosenkrantz til Ørup († 1614) is considered as this line's founder. The family remained on the Ørup estate after Skåne in 1660 was ceded to Sweden. Holger Rosenkrantz (1688–1758) was in 1752 naturalized as Swedish nobleman under the surname Rosencrantz. [11]

Line X: Newer Scanian line

The newer Scanian line, which emanated from line IX in the beginning of the 18th century. Members of this family are still living in Sweden.

Line XI: Southern Jutlandic line

The Southern Jutlandic line, which emanated from line I in the late 14th century and became extinct around 1630.

Rosenkrantz in Norway

Rosenkrantz Tower in Bergen

Rosenkrantz Tower

Rosenkrantz Tower (Rosenkrantztårnet) is located near Vågen in Bergen, Norway. Parts of the tower date back to the 1270s, but have been rebuilt several times. Erik Ottesen Rosenkrantz (1519-1575) was governor of Bergenhus Fortress from 1560 to 1568. In 1562, Rosenkrantz decided to build a combined defense and residence tower with five floors and facade towards Bryggen. The work was carried out by Scottish masons and the finished building had many common features with fortified Scottish towers of the time period. [12] [13][14]

Barony of Rosendal

Rose Garden at Rosendal

The history of Rosendal dates back to the 1650s, when Ludwig Holgersen Rosenkrantz (1628–1685) came to Bergen as commissioner of war for the Danish king. At a ball at the fortress of Bergenhus, he met Karen Axelsdatter Mowat (1630–1675), sole heiress to the largest fortune in the country at the time. Her father Axel Mowat (1592–1661) was a great land-owner, and had more than 550 farms all over Western Norway. They married in 1658, and were subsequently given the farm Hatteberg in Rosendal in Kvinnherad as a wedding present. In 1661, Ludwig Rosenkrantz started building his own manor at Rosendal. He completed this in 1665. In 1678, King Christian V of Denmark gave the estate the status of Barony of Rosendal (Baroniet Rosendal). It was and remained the only fief barony in Norway. [15] [16] [17] [18]

Name

Rosenkrantz can be translated as rose wreath or rosary. The family's name appears to be derived from the coat of arms, in which we find a wreath of heraldic roses instead of the usual torse between the helm and the crest.

Coat of arms

Modern drawing after the 18th century Roll of arms

The standard arms of Rosenkrantz are party per bend gules and azure, a bend checky argent and sable. Above the helm and the wreath of roses, there is a peacock feather between two buffalo horns having four ditto feathers each. The horns are divided into silver and pattern, and pattern and red, respectively. The oldest known illustration of the standard arms is found in the Gelre Armorial of the 14th century.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Jon Gunnar Arntzen. "Rosenkrantz". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  2. ↑ (Charles Boyce (2005) Critical Companion to William Shakespeare: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work (Facts on File, Inc) ISBN 978-0816053735
  3. ↑ Karl Hansen (1832). "Hevringholm, Vivild sogn" (PDF). Danske Knidborge. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  4. ↑ Carl Frederik Bricka. "Rosenkrantz, Frederik Christian, 1724-1802". Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  5. ↑ "Rosenkrantz". Den Store Danske. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  6. ↑ "Barritskov". Danske Herregaarde. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  7. ↑ Knut Dørum. "Marcus Gjøe Rosenkrantz". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  8. ↑ "Rydhave". Danske Herregaarde. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  9. ↑ "Glimmingehus". Sverige Slottsguiden. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  10. ↑ "Krenkerup". Den Store Danske. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  11. ↑ "Örup". Nordisk familjebok. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  12. ↑ "Rosenkrantztårnet". lokalhistoriewiki.no. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  13. ↑ "Rosenkrantztårnet". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  14. ↑ Erik Opsahl. "Erik Ottesen Rosenkrantz". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  15. ↑ Anders Bjarne Fossen. "Ludvig Rosenkrantz Til Rosendal". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  16. ↑ Anders Bjarne Fossen. "Karen Mowat". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  17. ↑ Anders Bjarne Fossen. "Axel Mowat Til Hovland". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  18. ↑ Jon Gunnar Arntzen. "Baroniet Rosendal". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved July 1, 2017.

Literature and sources

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