Qutubuddin Shaheed

Qutub Khan Qutubuddin 32nd Da'i al-Mutlaq of the Dawoodi Bohra
Syedna Qutubuddin Shaheed Mausoleum,Ahmedabad
Resting place	Ahmedabad
Title	Syedna
Term	32nd Dai(1646-1648 AD)
Predecessor	Kasim Khan Zainuddin
Successor	Feerkhan Shujauddin

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Syedna Qutubkhan Qutubuddin As Shaheed also spelled Qutbkhan Qutbuddin As Shaheed (died: 27 Jumadil Akhir 1056 AH/ 1648 AD), Ahmedabad, India) was the 32 nd Da'i al-Mutlaq (Absolute Missionary) of the Dawoodi Bohra sect of Musta‘lī Islam. He succeeded the 31st Dai Kasim Khan Zainuddin Bin Feerkhan.

Syedna Qutbuddin Shaheed was born in Ahmedabad during the era of the 26th Dai Syedna Daud ibn Ajab-Shah, on the night of 30th Zul-Qada 985 H. During his youth, he accompanied his father, the 27th Dai Syedna Daud ibn Qutub-Shah to Lahore to the court of the Mughal Emperor Jalaluddin Akbar during the fitnat of Sulayman. Akbar had summoned Syedna Daud ibn Qutub-Shah to his court and ultimately issued a royal farmaan in his favor.

He was close-confidant to his brother, the 29th Dai Syedna Abdut-Tayyeb Zakiyuddin. The 30th Dai Syedna Ali Shamsuddin was based in Yemen, and Syedna Qutbuddin continued to serve him in India. The 31st Dai, Syedna Qasim-Khan Zainuddin appointed him as his Mazoon, and then successor. ^[1]

Qutubuddin saheb became Da'i al-Mutlaq in 1054 AH / 1646AD. His period of Fatemi Dawat was from 1054 -1056 AH (1646-1648 AD). He was executed by Aurangzeb, then governor of Gujarat, for heresy.^[2]

Here is a brief account of Qutbuddin’s martyrdom:^[3]

In the month of Jumadal-Ula of the year 1056 H/1646 AD, false allegations of “rafzi” (rafidi, one who rejects the sunnat of Nabi Mohammad, and introduces innovations (bid’at) in Islamic religious practice), were made to Abdul-Ghawi an official of Aurangzeb, Mughal governor of Ahmedabad, who ordered an inquiry. A Shia man named Shah-Beg was asked to arrest Syedna Qutbuddin, On 28 Jumadal-Ula. Syedna Fir-Khan went along with him. Syedna Qutbuddin spent the next twenty days in prison, meanwhile, Abdul Ghawi was perusing Syedna’s books, but he did not understand a word of them. On 21 Jumada-l-Ukhra, Syedna Qutbuddin was summoned to an audience in front of Aurangzeb. Abdul Ghawi said to Syedna Qutbuddin, “Admit that you are “rafzi” (rafidi, one who rejects the sunnat of Nabi Mohammad, and introduces innovations (bid’at) in Islamic religious practice), repent of your past sins, and the Prince will let you go.” Syedna Qutbuddin roared like a lion, “I am not a Rafzi, my forefathers were not Rafzis. We are true Sunnis—faithful followers of Mohammed. I declare that there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet. I read the Quran, I pray namaaz, give zakaat, fast Ramadan, and perform hajj to the Baytullah. I am a Muslim. How is my blood legal for you to shed?” Unsuccessful in getting a real confession, Abdul Ghawi attempted to gather a group of notables from the city to sign their names to a trumped-up confession (mehzara). The majority signed, fearing Abdul Ghawi’s retribution if they did not. One upright judge (qazi) refused to sign without evidence. On 26 Jumada-l-Ukhra, Abdul Ghawi played his fatal card: He told two innocent children from Syedna Qutbuddin’s household that if they said what he wanted them to say (about being Rafzi), their Mawla would be released. When the qazi heard their ‘admission’, he signed the edict. The plot was complete.

On the morning of 27 Jumada-l-Ukhra, 1056 H, Aurangzeb approved the execution order. Abdul Ghawi instructed Shah-Beg to carry out the death sentence immediately.

He was succeeded by the 33rd Dai Moulana Feerkhan Shujauddin. Present Dai Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin is from his progeny, as indicated in tree placed below.^[4]

See also

• Dawoodi Bohras
• Ismaili
• Shia
• Islam
• Mustali
• Taiyabi

References

• List of Syednas (according to Dawoodi Bohras)
• A Chronological List of Duatil Mutlaqin
• Daftary, Farhad, The Ismaili, Their History and Doctrine(Chapter -Mustalian Ismailism-p. 300-310)*Daftary, Farhad, The Ismaili, Their History and Doctrine(Chapter -Mustalian Ismailism-p. 300-310)
• Lathan, Young, Religion, Learning and Science
• Bacharach, Joseph W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilisation

Tree linking Dawoodi Bohra Dai with Rasulullah