Pornography in Asia

Asia map of pornography laws:
  Generally legal with certain extreme exceptions
  Partially legal, under some broad restrictions, or ambiguous status
  Illegal
  Data unavailable

Pornography in Asia is pornography created in Asia, watched in Asia, or consumed or displayed in other parts of the world as one or more genres of Asian porn.

East Asia

China

Internet pornography was outlawed in the People's Republic of China effective 2002, when state censors issued guidelines requiring that all websites remove any pornographic material.[1] The government started a crackdown in 2004, which included the jailing of a woman.[2]

Since 2008, the production of pornographic films has been banned by state censors, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television's prohibition on pornography has been complete, and the government has shown no signs of changing course. Directors, producers, and actors involved in pornographic films have been barred from competing in any film competitions. Any film studio found in violation may have its license revoked.[3] As a result of this regulation and censorship, adult films and media can only be obtained through the Internet and on the black market. Possession of pornography is punishable by up to 3 years in prison, a fine of CN¥ 20,000, or up to life imprisonment for large underground distributors.[4] In 2010 China shut down 60,000 pornographic websites according to the news agency Reuters, arresting almost 5,000 suspects in the process.

Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, pornography is illegal if sold or shown to children under 18 years of age, if it is publicly displayed (except within the confines of and only visible from inside a "bona fide art gallery or museum"), or if it is sold without being wrapped completely with an "easily noticeable" warning stating that the material may be offensive and may not be distributed to minors.[5]

Japan

Pornography in Japan includes pornography ranging from well-known sex acts such as bukkake to sexual fetish pornography such as tamakeri.

As in Europe, photographs of nudes are not uncommon in the mainstream media. In the 1970s and 1980s, the strongest prohibition was against showing pubic hair or adult genitalia. Imported magazines would have the pubic hair scratched out, and even the most explicit videos could not portray it. Starting around 1991, photobook publishers began challenging this ban to the point where pubic hair is now fairly well accepted. Close-ups of genitalia remain proscribed. In 1999, the government enacted a law banning photos and videos of naked children, which were a fairly common sight in mainstream media before that time. Manga and anime remain largely unregulated, although large publishers tend to self-censor or specify that characters are at least 18 years of age.

The 1960s, in Japanese pornography, was the era of the independent Pink film. In the years since the end of World War II, eroticism had been gradually making its way into Japanese cinema. The first kiss to be seen in Japanese film—discreetly half-hidden by an umbrella—caused a national sensation in 1946.[6] Nevertheless, until the early 1960s, graphic depictions of nudity and sex in Japanese film could only be seen in single-reel "stag films", made illegally by underground film producers such as those depicted in Imamura's film The Pornographers (1966).[7] Nudity and sex would officially enter the Japanese cinema with the independent, low-budget softcore pornographic films which would come to dominate domestically produced films in the 1960s and 1970s.[8] These films were called eroductions during the early 1960s, but are now more commonly referred to as pink films.[9] The first true pink film, and the first Japanese movie with nude scenes, was Satoru Kobayashi's controversial and popular independent production, Flesh Market (Nikutai no Ichiba, 1962), starring Tamaki Katori.[10] Katori would go on to star in over 600 pink films throughout the 1960s, earning the nickname the "Pink Princess".[11] In 1964 Tetsuji Takechi made the first big-budget, mainstream pink film, Daydream. Takechi would remake Daydream as Japan's first theatrical hardcore film in 1981, starring Kyoko Aizome.[12]

North Korea

Imported works of pornography have been available in North Korea in recent decades, mainly in the capital Pyongyang and typically in the form of CD-R copies bought secretly at markets. There is very little domestic production.[13] Producing, distributing, importing and watching pornography is illegal.[14]

Possession of pornography became widespread among elites during the late 1990s. Political and army elites are the most active consumers of pornography. Locally produced pornography initially appeared during the reign of Kim Jong-il. A typical North Korean-made pornographic film involves nude or scantily clad women dancing with music.[15]

Importing pornography to North Korea is harshly punished. Pornography is sold openly on the China–North Korea border regardless of regulations.[16] Despite attempts to curtail circulation of imported pornography, most of the pornography watched in North Korea is currently made abroad.[15] A significant part of pornographic media in circulation consists of Chinese bootleg recordings of poor quality.[13]

There is no access to foreign pornographic websites from within North Korea.[17]

North Korea has ratified the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.[18] However, there are currently no specific laws to combat child pornography.[19]

South Korea

Pornographic websites, books, writings, films, magazines, photographs or other materials of a pornographic nature are illegal in South Korea, although the law is not regularly enforced. Distribution of pornography can result in a fine or a two-year prison sentence. Since 2009, pornographic websites have been blocked by the South Korean government. In 2012 the Ministry of Public Administration and Security released statistics that cited 39.5% of South Korean children having experienced watching online pornography, with 14.2% of those who have viewed online pornography reportedly "wanting to imitate" it.[20]

Taiwan

In Taiwan pornographic films can be legally traded and pornography is available via a number of routes, including DVD, television and the Internet. The level of piracy of pornographic films in Taiwan is high because authorities have not traditionally recognised their copyrights. Copyright protection is usually strictly applied in Taiwan, but pornography has been seen as an exception.[21]

The public display of adult material is strictly prohibited. The National Communications Commission (NCC), the Taiwanese media regulator, monitors and categorizes the level of media and public material into four levels. Thus adult material is not seen for sale in authorized shops, but only in small and hidden places. Due to the lack of copyright, adult content produced in Taiwan has stayed in the form of "WebCam Chat". Prostitution is illegal in Taiwan. The Taiwanese government has planned to set up a zone for prostitution.

Southeast Asia

Brunei

Due to the high number of expatriates in this country, pornography from various regions such as the Americas, Africa and Europe are easily available in retail shops known as 'kedai runcit'. It is illegal to sell to minors, and it is illegal to produce pornography unless for personal use.

Indonesia

In conjunction with the Indonesian legal system the criminal code (KUHP) is based on Roman-Dutch law, though a draft revised criminal code (RUU KUHP) is under discussion by the People's Representative Council (DPR).[22] Pornographic material is prohibited by law from the KUHP, the law controlling pornography concerns over the potential danger of criminal offence by pornography as well as preventing under age citizens exposed to pornography. Suggestive materials in Indonesian media are rare. Current laws forbid the selling and buying of pornographic materials. There is a Undang-Undang Anti-Pornografi (The Law of Anti-Pornography), but this has become controversial as it is seen to objectify women, and it can affect the local culture including some traditional art.[23] What was concerned in the RUU (Law Proposal) is that child abuse is already recognized in KUHP (Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana).[24]

Pornography in Indonesia is banned in terms of creating, distribution, selling, and rental of explicit materials. On 30 October 2008, the DPR passed Bill against Pornography and Pornoaction, which is aimed at preventing pornography on widespread Indonesian media. A controversial element of the bill was the definition of pornography.[25] In 2010 the anti-pornography law was challenged but Indonesia's Constitutional Court upheld the ban and stated that the law's definition of pornography was clear and did not violate the constitution.[26]

The broadness of the law has concerned practitioners of sensual regional traditions such as the nightclubs in Bali, West Javan jaipong dance, and New Guinean penis gourd wearing.[27]

Malaysia

Pornography is illegal in Malaysia. Possession of pornographic material is punished by Malaysian criminal law and results in fine and up to 5 years' imprisonment.[28]

The Printing Presses and Publications Act of 1984 subjects all offline media (such as newspapers, television, and radio stations) to licensing regimes granted at the discretion of ministers. However, the Communications and Multimedia Act of 1998 pledged the Malaysian government to refraining from Internet censorship in Malaysia. Nevertheless, the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission, the main regulatory authority of information technology and communications industries, prohibits online content that is "indecent" or "obscene".[29]

In July 2018, the Malaysian police announced the creation of the Malaysian Internet Crime Against Children Investigation Unit (MICAC) that is equipped with real-time mass Internet surveillance software developed in the United States.[30] It is tasked with the monitoring of all Malaysian Internet users even on mobile phones, with a focus on pornography especially child pornography. The system creates a "data library" of users which includes details such as IP addresses, websites, locations, duration and frequency of use and files uploaded and downloaded. Visiting these websites are subject to either questioning by police or imprisonment.

The national government continues to block many pornographic websites, more than 3,000 were blocked as of 2018. However, only a limited number of these websites are still accessible in Malaysia.

Condom shops selling sex toys and many sex-related products in Malaysia are illegal. There are shops selling them in towns and cities such as Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Ipoh, Kuching and Kota Kinabalu.

Myanmar

Every type of pornography is prohibited in Myanmar. However, due to ongoing Internet regulation reforms, a very few porn websites are accessible.

Philippines

Any kind of pornography is illegal in the Philippines. This is due to the influence of conservative Christian groups, such as the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines, and churches, mainly the Roman Catholic Church, among other institutions.[31] The current law does not specifically outlaw webcam-sex websites based in the Philippines. Law enforcement is light, and pornography is available often through black markets and the Internet. There are some urban areas that are known to publicly various kinds of pornographic films.[32]

Despite the existing laws, some reports claimed that the pornography industry in the country earned around US$1 billion annually in 2006, making it the 8th largest pornography industry in the world and the 4th in Asia. This also meant that it held the top rank in the whole Southeast Asia, despite the fact that almost every month, the country's Optical Media Board (OMB) was confiscating hundreds of thousands of counterfeit VCDs and DVDs. From January to September 2008, the OMB confiscated 4,807,012 CDs costing ₱1.4 billion ($29,400,000; based on the prevailing peso-dollar exchange rate on 17 September 2008).[33]

Since 14 January 2017, several pornographic websites including Pornhub and XVideos have been blocked in the Philippines upon the order of President Rodrigo Duterte as part of his Republic Act 9775 or Anti-Child Pornography Law. However, there are a few Internet service providers in the country which still allow access to these websites.[34]

Singapore

In Singapore, it is not a crime or offence to visit pornographic websites and view their content.[35] However it is deemed illegal to provide and/or supply any form of pornography from within the country.[36] It is also an offence to be in possession of pornographic material.[37] The 39-year-old Yangtze Cinema, which was probably the only theatre on the island to primarily screen softcore films in the city-state, also closed its doors on February 29, 2016.[38]

Thailand

The 287th section of the Thai Penal Code makes it a criminal offence to produce, distribute or possess obscene materials for the purpose of trade. The maximum penalty is up to 3 years' imprisonment.[39] Many types of pornography are prohibited in Thailand, but the law enforcement is relaxed and poorly enforces the prohibition. Some religious minorities may possess pornography for personal use legally because possession for personal use is legal. Other forms of pornography such as yaoi and hentai are illegal but are common over the Internet. The popular Thai actor, model and singer Penpak Sirikul has been a pioneer in Thai pornography.[40]

Vietnam

Production, distribution, broadcasting, transport, import and advertisement of pornography, is strictly illegal in Vietnam. According to legislatures, pornography harms Vietnamese standard values.[41]

Caucasia

Azerbaijan

In Azerbaijan in accordance with article 3 of the Media Act of 7 December 1999, "pornographic materials" are defined as works of art, photographic reproductions of paintings, information and other materials the main content of which is the crude and undignified depiction of the anatomical and physiological aspects of sexual relations. Pornography in Azerbaijan is easily and cheaply obtainable in Baku, although not in most other places. There are reports of bribes being charged for taking hardcore pornography across the country's borders.[42] Meanwhile, the legal activity to combat child pornography is governed by 1998 Rights of the Child Act, 1999 Media Act, the Plan of Measures to Solve the Problem of Homeless and Street Children and the National Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons.[43]

Central Asia

Kazakhstan

The legal status of pornography in Kazakhstan was changed in 2013 with the introduction of the law: "On Ratification of the International Convention for Suppression of the Circulation and Traffic of Obscene Publications". This made it illegal to produce, possess or advertise pornography for the purpose of sale, circulation or public display. Additionally, the law made it a criminal offence to import or export pornography or run a pornography business.[44] It is not an offence to access Internet pornography at home and Kazakhstan does block popular pornographic sites, such as Pornhub, XVideos and xHamster. However accessing Internet pornography at corporations, businesses, or any workplace is prohibited in Kazakhstan.

Turkmenistan

Even though the legal status of pornography in Turkmenistan is unknown, a law, passed on 1 January 2015, banning citizens to access pornography on the Internet[45] suggests that pornography is definitely illegal in Turkmenistan.

South Asia

Bangladesh

In 2012, the government in Bangladesh attempted to outlaw pornography as a result of the passing of the Pornography Control Act.[46][47][48]

India

In India, possession or watching of pornographic materials is completely legal, but distribution of pornography is prohibited and incites several penal provisions.[49] But, enforcement is extremely lax and pornographic materials are easily available in public places. Softcore pornography and hardcore pornography movies/photos are easily accessible through magazines, DVDs, or Internet. Buying and selling sex toys is illegal; nonetheless, sex toys are sold at selected places in India.[50][51]

Pornographic films in India are referred to as Blue Films and are available virtually anywhere; especially in areas where illicit material is already being sold. Despite the illegality, stores selling X-rated material are abundant in major cities, advertising openly and rarely are the laws enforced in this case.[52][53] In 2010, the Bombay High Court ruled that watching pornography in private is legal.[54]

Child pornography is illegal ("child" is defined as a person under 18) to possess, produce (in terms of electronic copies), or to distribute and is labelled as crime. Section 67 of the "Information Technology Act" deals with "publishing obscene information in electronic form". This law has been interpreted to criminalize posting of pornographic content online. Accessing of "obscene" content within one's privacy is legal. The IT Act was amended by the Parliament in 2008, and Section 67B was inserted, which criminalizes browsing, downloading, creation, or publishing of child pornography. Therefore, while it is legal to watch adult porn, it has been made illegal to watch child porn.[55]

On 1 August 2015 the Government, under the BJP Party, requested ISPs in India to ban 857 pornography sites; however, the ban was lax in nature and pornographic materials from the sites in question could still be easily obtained.[56] The ban was lifted two days later due to widespread protest on social media. Instead, the government plans to focus more attention to blocking sites that host child pornography.

Maldives

The production, possession, sale, dissemination, distribution, or importation of pornography or pornographic material (including sex toys) is illegal in Maldives. There were attempts by the government to block pornographic websites. However, it is still accessible in the country as long it is viewed at home.

Nepal

In 2010 it was reported that the Home Ministry had banned access to a list of websites including explicitly adult websites.[57] In September of 2018, concerns about violence against women led the Government of Nepal to announce its intention to ban online pornography.[58] The Nepal Government Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MOCIT) ordered the Nepal Telecommunications Authority (NTA) to put a block on all websites providing pornographic contents. Upto now 21,000 pornographic websites have already been blocked.

Pakistan

Pornography is illegal. It is not easily accessible, and the Government has put an all-time ban on websites containing such material since November 2011.[59] The list of banned pornographic websites is updated on an ongoing basis.

Sri Lanka

The laws against pornography in Sri Lanka are strict. Under the Explicit Literature Ordinance, sale or possession of pornographic material can be classified as illegal. The production of local pornography is strictly illegal.

Child pornography is considered to be illegal under the National Child Protection act and the punishments are very severe. Child pornography possession, production and distribution is punishable by up to 20 years' imprisonment, severe fines and in some cases, even forfeiture of property. This act covers the rights of children, but not pornography per se. Therefore, the same act cannot be used as an anti-pornographic law.

In the year of 2009, The government banned more than 100 local and international porn sites and nearly 80 Sri Lankan porn stars were arrested by the local authorities. They were all sentenced to fines, community service and prison sentences up to 2 years.

Middle East

Iran

In Iran pornography is illegal. However, due to widespread Internet access (in particular, downloading programs) and the existence of a large-scale black market in Western films, pornography is called "super film." In Iran, a law was passed in mid-2007 by parliament but still required approval of the Guardian Council, producers of pornographic films face execution if found guilty.[60]

Israel

Pornography is legal in Israel. Pornographic films in Israel began to be produced in the 1990s, but most of the films were shot in the early 2000s. Any kind of child pornography is strictly forbidden (under the age of 18).

Jordan

Distribution of pornography is illegal in Jordan.

There are also a few unlicensed theaters in Amman, where vintage and bootlegged pornographic films are shown.

Lebanon

In Lebanon, the production and distribution of pornography films are illegal. Regulation of Internet pornography is relatively light.

In September 2011, four members of a criminal ring involved in the sale of pornographic films were arrested by Lebanese authorities. The men, of Lebanese and Syrian nationality, had been promoting the sale of unlicensed copies of pornographic DVDs in different areas of the country, particularly Jbeil, north of Beirut, where they were apprehended. The men were referred to the relevant authorities, with the case investigated to uncover the remaining members of the ring and anyone else involved in the distribution of the pornographic films.[61]

Palestine

In 2008, Hamas have attempted to implement Internet filters to block access to pornography in the Gaza Strip.[62][63]

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia prohibits all forms of pornography due to Islam's opposition to it. In 2000 Saudi authorities said that they were "winning the war against pornography on the internet".[64]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "China creates stern Internet, e-mail rules". USA Today (www.usatoday.com). 2002-01-18. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  2. ↑ Richardson, Tim (2004-08-16). "China jails woman in porn crackdown". The Register (www.theregister.co.uk). Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  3. ↑ "Production of XXX movies banned in China — UPI.com". United Press International (www.upi.com). 2008-01-01. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  4. ↑ "Laws of the People's Republic of China (Articles 152 and 363 to 367)". www.asianlii.org. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
  5. ↑ "Control of Obscene and Indecent Articles Ordinance". Retrieved 2017-03-17.
  6. ↑ Bornoff, Nicholas (1994) [1991]. "18 (Naked Dissent)". Pink Samurai: An Erotic Exploration of Japanese Society; The Pursuit and Politics of Sex in Japan (Paperback ed.). London: HarperCollins. p. 602. ISBN 0-586-20576-4.
  7. ↑ Sharp, Jasper. "Tetsuji Takechi: Erotic Nightmares". midnighteye.com. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
  8. ↑ Domenig, Roland (2002). "Vital flesh: the mysterious world of Pink Eiga". Archived from the original on 2004-11-18. Retrieved 2007-04-19. Since the mid-1960s, pink eiga have been the biggest Japanese film genre... By the late 1970s the production of pink eiga together with Roman Porno amounted to more than 70% of annual Japanese film production.
  9. ↑ Domenig, Roland (2002). "Vital flesh: the mysterious world of Pink Eiga". Archived from the original on 2004-11-18. Retrieved 2007-04-19. The term pink eiga was first coined in 1963 by journalist Murai Minoru. But it did not come into general use until the late 1960s. In the early years the films were known as 'eroduction films' (erodakushon eiga) or 'three-million-yen-films' (sanbyakuman eiga).
  10. ↑ Weisser, Thomas; Yuko Mihara Weisser (1998). Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films. Miami: Vital Books: Asian Cult Cinema Publications. p. 21. ISBN 1-889288-52-7.
  11. ↑ Connell, Ryann (2 March 2006). "Japan's former Pink Princess trades raunchy scenes for rural canteen". Mainichi Shimbun. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
  12. ↑ Koizumi, Shinichi (2001-12-01). "Porn-star label now a badge of honor for actress". Asahi Shimbun. Archived from the original on 2001-12-03. Retrieved 2010-01-02.
  13. 1 2 Shin, Junsik (13 April 2015). "Pornography in North Korea". New Focus International. Archived from the original on 17 April 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
  14. ↑ Hassig, Ralph; Kongdan Oh (2015). The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom (2nd ed.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-4422-3719-3.
  15. 1 2 Moon Sung Hwee (23 December 2007). "Porno Became Widespread in '90s, Thanks to the Dear Leader". Daily NK. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
  16. ↑ Schwartzman, Nathan (27 November 2009). "Is There Porn in North Korea?". Asian Correspondent. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
  17. ↑ Talmadge, Eric (1 April 2016). "North Korea now blocking Facebook, Twitter, other websites". The Big Story. Associated Press. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
  18. ↑ "North Korea". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
  19. ↑ Child Pornography: Model Legislation & Global Review (PDF) (8th ed.). International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children. 2016. p. 34. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  20. ↑ Kwon (권), Hye-jin (혜진) (2012-07-30). 청소년 14.2% "야동 따라하고 싶었다". Yonhap News (in Korean). Retrieved 2012-09-02.
  21. ↑ "台灣首家正版成人頻道開播 或促成人片版權保護" [Taiwan's first genuine adult channel launches and promotes adult copyright protection]. sina.com (in Chinese). 8 January 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  22. ↑ "Indonesia's long wait for its own criminal code". The University of Melbourne. 10 November 2016.
  23. ↑ "Indonesian anti-porn law threatens natives: Penis sheaths to be banned in Papua police crackdown?". Bild. 5 January 2009. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  24. ↑ Herlina, Herlina (2005). "Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Dalam Menanggulangi Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Bayi (Masters thesis)". Diponegoro University Institutional Repository (UNDIP-IR). Retrieved 12 March 2016.
  25. ↑ Geoff Thompson (31 October 2008). "Indonesia passes tough new anti-porn laws". ABC News. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  26. ↑ Vaswani, Karishma (2010-03-25). "Indonesia upholds anti-porn bill". BBC News.
  27. ↑ "Anti-pornography law challenges the penis-gourd wearers of West Papua". Times Online. Archived from the original on 28 March 2010. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  28. ↑ "Malaysia targets mobile phone sex". BBC. 2005-08-29.
  29. ↑ "ONI Country Profile: Malaysia". OpenNet Initiative. 7 August 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  30. ↑ "Police will know if you watch porn". Straits Times. July 9, 2018.
  31. ↑ "Pornography: Society at Risk". mentalhealthlibrary.info. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  32. ↑ "The legality of cam porn". www.philippines-for-men.com. Retrieved 2008-01-01.
  33. ↑ Report: Philippines' Porn Industry 8th Largest in the World - PinoyExchange
  34. ↑ M G Martin (16 January 2017). "World's most popular adult sites blocked in Philippines due to child porn fears". Philippines Lifestyle News.
  35. ↑ "What is the law on pornography in Singapore?". Singapore Legal Advice. 5 May 2011.
  36. ↑ Media Development Authority of Singapore. "MDA — FAQs". Singapore: Media Development Authority of Singapore. Retrieved 2010-04-01.
  37. ↑ Media Development Authority of Singapore. "MDA — FAQs". Singapore: Media Development Authority of Singapore. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
  38. ↑ Yip, Wai Yee. "Goodbye to softcore cinema Yangtze". The Straits Times. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  39. ↑ Shytov, Alexander. "Indecency on the Internet as a Challenge to Thai Law". Thailand Law Forum. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  40. ↑ Fry, Gerald W.; Nieminen, Gayla S.; Smith, Harold E. (2013). Historical Dictionary of Thailand. Scarecrow Press. p. 291. ISBN 9780810875258.
  41. ↑ "Vietnam — Coalition Against Trafficking of Women". Archived from the original on 19 August 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-26.
  42. ↑ "Sex in Azerbaijan". www.azerb.com (by travel-images.com). Retrieved 22 December 2015.
  43. ↑ "Information concerning the questionnaire of the Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography". Archived from the original (DOC) on 8 January 2007. Retrieved 5 October 2006.
  44. ↑ "Nazarbayev signs law on countering pornography". Tengrinews. 22 May 2013. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  45. ↑ "Turkmėnijoje uždrausta internete įžeidinėti prezidentą ir žiūrėti pornografiją".
  46. ↑ "পর্নোগ্রাফি নিয়ন্ত্রণ আইন, ২০১২ ( ২০১২ সনের ৯ নং আইন )" [The Pornography Control Act, 2012]. bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd (in Bengali). Bangladesh: Legislative and Parliamentary Affairs Division Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs. 8 March 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  47. ↑ "Anti-Pornography Law in Bangladesh". lawyersbangladesh.com. 3 January 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  48. ↑ "Law Firm in Bangladesh". shossainandassociates.com. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  49. ↑ Articles, Times of India (25 November 2010). "Merely viewing porn not a crime, rules HC". Times of India. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  50. ↑ anvi Saraf; Manasa Madishetty (28 July 2009). "What's it like shopping for sex toys in India?". Rediff. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  51. ↑ Kaushik Deka (24 November 2005). "Durex is fine, but is India ready for sex toys?". The Economic Times. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  52. ↑ Pornography filters in India have little impact, Computer World, 14 January 2010.
  53. ↑ India at war with Internet porn, Asian Times, June 2010.
  54. ↑ palash (26 November 2010). "Watching Porn At Home Is Not A Criminal Offence: Bombay High Court". lawisgreek.com. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
  55. ↑ "Browsing child porn will land you in jail". Times of India. 2009-02-16. Archived from the original on 2013-01-03. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
  56. ↑ "India bans porn". New York Times. 2015-08-03. Retrieved Aug 4, 2015.
  57. ↑ "Let's talk about porn". Nepali Times. November 2010.
  58. ↑ Siobhan Heanue (2 September 2018). "Porn ban introduced in Nepal in attempt to combat violence against women". ABC News.
  59. ↑ Haque, Jahanzaib (17 November 2011). "PTA Approved". Express Tribune. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
  60. ↑ "Death Penalty For Porn In Iran?". Cbsnews.com. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  61. ↑ "Authorities arrest Syrian-Lebanese porn gang". The Daily Star. 28 September 2011. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  62. ↑ AFP: Hamas takes aim at Internet porn in Gaza Archived 5 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  63. ↑ "Hamas bans pornographic websites in Gaza Strip". Reuters. 2008-05-19.
  64. ↑ "Saudis 'defeating' internet porn". BBC News. 2000-05-10.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.