Porcupine River

Porcupine River (Ch’ôonjik)
Porcupine River
Countries Canada, United States
Territories/states Yukon, Alaska
Source Nahoni Range
 - location Ogilvie Mountains, Yukon, Canada
 - coordinates 65°28′N 139°32′W / 65.467°N 139.533°W / 65.467; -139.533 [1]
Mouth Yukon River
 - location Fort Yukon, Alaska, United States
 - elevation 126 m (413 ft) [1]
 - coordinates 66°35′42″N 145°18′32″W / 66.59500°N 145.30889°W / 66.59500; -145.30889Coordinates: 66°35′42″N 145°18′32″W / 66.59500°N 145.30889°W / 66.59500; -145.30889 [1]
Length 916 km (569 mi)
Basin 118,000 km2 (45,600 sq mi) [2]
Discharge
 - average 414 m3/s (14,620 cu ft/s) [2]
Location of the mouth of the Porcupine River in Alaska

The Porcupine River (Ch’ôonjik[3] in Gwich’in) is a 916 km (569 mi) tributary of the Yukon River in Canada and the United States. It begins in the Ogilvie Mountains north of Dawson City, Yukon, Canada.[4] From there it flows north through the community of Old Crow, veers southwest into the U.S. state of Alaska, and enters the larger river at Fort Yukon.[4] It derives its name from the Gwich'in word for the river, Ch'oonjik, or "Porcupine Quill River".

The Porcupine caribou herd, in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) Alaska, gets its name from the river.

The oldest (but disputed) possible evidence of human habitation in North America was found in a cave along one of its tributaries, the Bluefish River. A large number of apparently human-modified animal bones have been discovered in the Bluefish Caves. They have been dated to 25,000 to 40,000 years old by radiocarbon dating—several thousand years earlier than generally accepted human habitation of North America.[5]

Boating

The Porcupine River offers the possibility of "an excellent novice river trip for those experienced in remote wilderness travel,"[4] according to author Karen Jettmar. Boaters can travel by canoe, kayak, or raft, though rafters may have difficulty with upriver winds. A 800 km (500 mi) float trip beginning at Summit Lake in the Yukon Territory, descending the Bell River to its confluence with the Porcupine, and continuing to Fort Yukon is all rated Class I (easy) on the international scale of river difficulty. However, in high water the difficulty may rise to Class II in Upper and Lower Rampart canyons, downstream of the international border, where the current is swift.[4]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Porcupine River". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. January 1, 2000. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
  2. 1 2 Benke and Cushing, p. 802
  3. ↑ Holton, Gary (July 16, 2013). "Alaska Native Language Archive: Alaska Place Names". University of Alaska Fairbanks. Retrieved November 3, 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Jettmar, Karen (2008) [1993]. The Alaska River Guide: Canoeing, Kayaking, and Rafting in the Last Frontier (3rd ed.). Birmingham, Alabama: Menasha Ridge Press. pp. 132&ndash, 34. ISBN 978-0-89732-957-6.
  5. ↑ Morlan, R.E. (1986), Pleistocene archaeology in Old Crow Basin: a critical reappraisal. In Bryan, A.L.,ed. New Evidence for the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas. Orono, Maine,Center for the study of Early Man, pp.27-48.

Works cited

  • Benke, Arthur C., ed., and Cushing, Colbert E., ed.; Bailey, Robert C. (2005). "Chapter 17: Yukon River Basin" in Rivers of North America. Burlington, Massachusetts: Elsevier Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-088253-1. OCLC 59003378.
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