Pontiac Bonneville Special
| Pontiac Bonneville Special | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Pontiac (General Motors) |
| Also called | SO 2026[1] |
| Production | 1954 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | sports car |
| Body style | 2-door canopy coupé |
| Related |
|
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 268 cu in (4.4 L) "Special"-8 I8 |
| Transmission | 4-speed Hydramatic automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 100.001 in (2,540 mm) |
| Length | 158.3 in (4,021 mm) |
| Height | 48.001 in (1,219 mm) |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | Pontiac Club de Mer |
The Pontiac Bonneville Special is a purpose-built concept car unveiled at the General Motors Motorama in 1954, the first 2-seater sports car Pontiac had ever produced. Conceived by renowned designer Harley J. Earl and hand built by Homer C. LaGassey Jr. and Paul Gilland, the "Special" is a grand touring sport coupé that incorporated innovative styling like a Plexiglas canopy with gull-wing windows on a sleek fiberglass body. The name "Bonneville" was meant to convey high performance, inspired by a trip Earl had taken to Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah to observe speed trials there.[2] It was the first GM vehicle to carry the name, subsequently given to the Division's full-size performance car, the Bonneville, which carried it for 47 years.
Two "Special" prototypes, one painted metallic bronze and one emerald green, were built in order to unveil them simultaneously at the Grand Ballroom of the Waldorf in New York and the Pan Pacific Auditorium in Los Angeles in 1954.
Design
Exterior
The exterior design of the "Special" was a curious amalgamation of advanced European sports car styling in front and a rear betraying America’s 1950s fascination with the Space-age, complete with a recessed circular spare tire enclosure flanked by protruding top-to-bottom tailfins that gave the car a rocket-powered appearance. A wind tunnel helped sculpt the lines, and high-tech brightwork garnished the body, hood and grill. Glass covered recessed headlights, two banks of rectangular louvers on the fenders, and twin Pontiac "Silver-Streaks" on the hood that lead to functional air scoops served as accents.
Interior
Interior styling was visually arresting, yet thoughtfully executed. The dashboard was highlighted by a large central speedometer pod, flanked to its right by a horizontal row of five analogue gauges nested in contoured brushed stainless. This flowing motif was carried to an elegant center console with a diminutive automatic transmission gearshift handle, twin vent-control levers, and ignition key slot. Wide twin leather buckets provided luxurious seating, and a racing-style three-spoke steering wheel suggested spirited performance.
Entry was through conventionally hinged frameless doors and gull-winged Plexiglas panels integrated into a see-through canopy. A dramatically curved rear window completed the "bubble top" in back, providing excellent rearward visibility.
| Dashboard Gauges (l-r) | Specifications |
|---|---|
| Speedometer | 0-120 mph |
| Ampmeter | - 30-0-30 + |
| Fuel Gauge | E-F |
| Manifold Temp | 60-240 °F. |
| Oil Pressure | 0-80 psi |
| Fuel Pressure | 0-20 psi |
| Oil Temp | 60-240 °F |
Design legacy
Design carry-overs from the Bonneville Special quickly made it into the next year's production models, and in those to follow. Most conspicuous were the silver-streaks, which appeared both front and rear on the 1955 and '56 Chieftains and Star Chiefs, as well as Pontiac's concept car for 1956, the Club de Mer. Twin scoops designed to channel cool air into the driver's compartment also appeared on the Club de Mer, and resurfaced over a decade later on the 1967 Firebird and 1968 GTO. The horizontal fender louvers appeared as vertical slits on the 1957 Star Chief Bonneville and 1965 2+2. The bold tail fins were softened and adapted on 1955 and '56 Pontiac models. The 1958 Bonneville's instrument panel borrowed the Special's sleek stainless steel style, and the finned wheel covers became a design cue for Pontiac's famous 8-lug, aluminium rims introduced in 1960.
Engine
The Bonneville was powered by the "Special"-8, a bored out, high compression 268 in³ Pontiac Straight-8 unique to the pair of show cars. Modifications included a long-duration cam and four Carter YH side-draft single barrel carburetors breathing through open-mesh race-style screens. Total output was the highest ever for the "eight", rated at 230 bhp (172 kW), though some[3] estimated it at nearly 300 bhp (220 kW).
Sharing the Silver Streak name used for the flathead straight-8 that powered production cars, it was Pontiac's most powerful engine to date. Painted bright red and detailed in chrome in the show cars, it was coupled to a 4-speed Hydramatic automatic transmission.
Throughout the American auto world straight-8s were giving way to V8s. Pontiac's was far enough in its development to be considered for the "Special", but was held back by GM marketing, which wished to keep it a secret until its consumer debut the following model year.[3]
| Engine name | Engine type | Displacement in³ ( L) | Output bhp (kW) @ RPM | Torque ft·lbf (Nm) @ RPM | Carburetor series (bbl) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Special"-8 | Inline I-8 | 268 (4.4) | 230.00 (169.28)[2] @ 3700 | NA (NA) @ 2000.00 | Carter YH 2206[4] (1) x 4 |
Fate
As of 2008, both cars still exist. The all-original bronze "Special" belongs to Joseph Bortz of Highland Park, Illinois, who claims it is so authentic that 90% of the air in the tires, with the exception of a few top-ups, is from 1954.[3]
The green "Special" was completely restored and sold for $2,800,000 to an anonymous buyer at the 2006 Barrett-Jackson Collector Car Auction.[5]
References
- ↑ Index of General Motors Experimental Cars - An official list of concepts dating from 1938 to 1960. "SO" stood for "special order".
- 1 2 "Concept Carz". 1954 Pontiac Bonneville Special Motorama. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
- 1 2 3 Joseph Bortz. Interview of the owner of the 1954 Bonneville Special (webcast). Motor Trend Magazine. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
- ↑ "The Carburetor Shop LLC". Chevrolet - Applications and repair kits. Retrieved 2008-03-19.
- ↑ "The Official Harley Earl Website". 1954 Bonneville Special. Archived from the original on 2008-02-18. Retrieved 2008-03-19.