People's Republic of Angola
| People's Republic of Angola República Popular de Angola | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975–1992 | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Capital | Luanda | ||||||||
| Common languages | Portuguese | ||||||||
| Government | Socialist republic | ||||||||
• 1975−1979 | Agostinho Neto | ||||||||
• 1979−1992 | José Eduardo dos Santos | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 1975−1978 | Lopo do Nascimento | ||||||||
• 1991−1992 | Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem | ||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||
• Independence from Portugal | 11 November 1975 | ||||||||
| 22 November 1976 | |||||||||
| 25 August 1992 | |||||||||
| Currency | Kwanza | ||||||||
| Calling code | 244 | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | AO | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The People's Republic of Angola (Portuguese: República Popular de Angola) was the self-declared socialist state which governed Angola from its independence in 1975 until 1992, during the Angolan Civil War.
History
The regime was established in 1975, after Portuguese Angola was granted independence from Portugal through the Alvor Agreement.[1][2] This was akin to the situation in the People's Republic of Mozambique.[3] The newly-founded nation had friendly relations with the Soviet Union, Cuba, and the People's Republic of Mozambique.[4] The country was governed by the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), which was responsible for the transition into a Marxist-Leninist one-party state. The group was backed by both Cuba and the Soviet Union.
An opposing group, known as the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) led by Jonas Savimbi, sparked a civil war with the MPLA, with the backing from both apartheid South Africa and the United States.[5]
In 1991, the MPLA and UNITA signed the peace agreement known as the Bicesse Accords, which allowed for multiparty elections in Angola.
In 1992, the People's Republic of Angola was constitutionally succeeded by the Republic of Angola and elections were held. However, the peace agreement did not last, as Savimbi rejected the election results and fighting resumed across the country.[6]
See also
References
- ↑ Rothchild, Donald S. (1997). Managing Ethnic Conflict in Africa: Pressures and Incentives for Cooperation. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1997. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-8157-7593-5.
- ↑ Tvedten, Inge (1997). Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction. London. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-8133-3335-9.
- ↑ Faria, P.C.J. (2013). The Post-war Angola: Public Sphere, Political Regime and Democracy. EBSCO ebook academic collection. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 271. ISBN 978-1-4438-6671-2. Retrieved 10 September 2018.
- ↑ "Angola – Communist Nations". www.country-data.com.
- ↑ "African Socialism". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2018-09-11.
- ↑ French, Howard W. (3 March 2002). "The World; Exit Savimbi, and the Cold War in Africa". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 September 2018.