Paghman

Paghman
پغمان
List of cities in Afghanistan
The Arc de Triumph in the gardens of Paghman

Location in Kabul Province
Country  Afghanistan
Province Kabul Province
Area
 • Total 600 km2 (200 sq mi)
Elevation 2,307 m (7,569 ft)
Population (2015)[1]
 • Total 143,000
 • Density 240/km2 (620/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+04:30 (AST)

Paghman (Pashto/Persian: پغمان) is a town in the hills near Afghanistan's capital of Kabul. It is the seat of the Paghman District (in the western part of Kabul Province) which has a population of about 120,000 (2002 official UNHCR est.), which are made up of mainly both Pashtuns and Tajiks.[1] The gardens of Paghman is a major attraction, and is why the city is sometimes known as the garden capital of Afghanistan.

History

The European style main mosque in Paghman
The Paghman Hill Castle, opened 2014

After King Amanullah Khan and Queen Soraya Tarzi's return from Europe in 1928, Amanullah brought in foreign experts to redesign Kabul. At that time, at the entrance of Paghman, they created a European style monumental gate similar to but smaller than the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France, called the Arch of Victory (Persian: طاق ظفر‎ Taq-e Zafar). Originally a small village at the bottom of the Hindu Kush, Paghman turned into a holiday retreat with villas and chalets as well as the summer capital. Its wide avenues contained fir, poplar and nut trees which flew past the arch, villas and a golf course. It was a popular place for the wealthy and the aristocracy to visit.[2]

The new royal gardens were opened to the public under the proviso — as a matter of reform — that western dress was adopted there, as in the royal residential areas of nearby Kabul. On September 1, 1928, King Amanullah convoked the Loya Jirga to Paghman to the puzzlement of many delegates, who found themselves at odds with the dress-code. On September 7, 1928, the Hazrat of Shor Bazaar — an influential political figure in Kabul — presented the king with a petition signed by some 400 religious leaders opposing many of Amanullah's reforms. This action led to the arrest of the Hazrat, the execution of some of his followers and finally the rebellion of 1929 led by Habibullah Ghazi, that overthrew the king.[3]

The gardens eventually became a popular place for local and foreign tourists. Wealthy Kabulites owned summer homes there who employed servants and maids.[4]

During the Soviet-Afghan War in the 1980s, Paghman was a major battleground and it suffered from bombardment from both the Soviet-backed government and the mujahideen rebels. Most buildings were destroyed and residents had fled. Little remained of the prosperous Gardens, save for the remains of the Arc de Triomphe style arch, which has had its top blown off.[5][6]

Following the formation of the Karzai administration, the Arch was rebuilt from 2003 to 2005 and other damaged parts of the former Gardens were rebuilt. It once again became a popular touristic site, and is popular with residents of Kabul. There was further development in the 2010s.

In 2012, 1,000 families in the Paghman district received electricity. The power was distributed to families in the Pracha village of Pashaee valley after the installation of three 1,000 kilovolt transformers. The electricity was supplied to people from the Mahipar Dam in the Surobi district at the cost of 35 million AFN ($622,443 USD).

In 2014, a newly built palace, the Paghman Hill Castle, was opened to the public. The palace's surroundings also consists of thousands of newly planted trees as well as a Buzkashi field, a waterfall and other attractions. The palace's interior is decorated with traditional handmade Afghan carpets and other traditional material. It was planned to be used for major festivals.[7]

Geography

The Arch of Victory as it appears since its renovation

The Paghman area is greener compared to many other parts of the region, and also has fruit trees. Located at the foot of the Hindu Kush mountain range, Paghman became a holiday retreat with villas and chalets, as well as the summer capital.

The Kabul River, the only large river in the Kabul province, is fed by springs and snow-melt runoffs from Paghman. There is also a canal system, in need of repair, which extends from Paghman to Tapa.

There are several villages in the district, including Adam Khel Kala, Hatam Kala, Seeno Kala, Mullah Khel Kala, Muhabbat Khan Kala, Lachi Khel Kala, and Pajakk Tappa.

Economy

Agriculture, labour work, animal husbandry and employment in Kabul are the major sources of income.

Notable natives

The locality was traditionally the family seat of the Paghman saadat most noted for its famous descendant Idries Shah.[8]

Prominent Paghman natives include some leaders of Loya Jirgas, tribal chiefs, a president, and one king.

Sister Cities

See also

References

  1. 1 2 UNHCR profile for Paghman District
  2. ↑ http://www.bbc.com/persian/afghanistan/story/2006/02/060223_ws-aep-21th.shtml
  3. ↑ Poullada 1973
  4. ↑ https://www.gonomad.com/5362-afghanistan-as-a-tourist-really
  5. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/06/world/only-flowers-nothing-else-survive-in-an-afghan-town.html
  6. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
  7. ↑ http://www.afghanzariza.com/2014/07/01/in-pictures-newlybuilt-paghman-palace-becomes-the-cynosure-of-all-eyes
  8. ↑ Saira Shah 2003
  9. ↑ "Alice Springs – Sister city media release". Alice Springs Town Council. 9 August 2005. Archived from the original on 20 August 2006. Retrieved 5 July 2007.
  • Leon B.Poullada: "Reform and Rebellion in Afghanistan, 1919-1929 -King Amanullah's failure to modernize a tribal society" Cornell University Press/Ithaca and London 1973
  • Saira Shah: "The Storytellers Daughter" Michael Joseph ed. 2003

Coordinates: 34°35′N 68°57′E / 34.583°N 68.950°E / 34.583; 68.950

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