Pennsylvania Railroad locomotive classification

Locomotive classification on the Pennsylvania Railroad took several forms. Early on, steam locomotives were given single-letter classes. As the 26 letters were quickly assigned, that scheme was abandoned for a more complex system.[1] This was used for all of the PRR's steam locomotives, and — with the exception of the final type bought (the E44) — all electric locomotives also used this scheme.

PRR steam and electric classification

A: 0-4-0

Class A was the 0-4-0 type, an arrangement best suited to small switchers. Most railroads abandoned the 0-4-0 after the 1920s, but the PRR kept it alive for use on small industrial branches, especially those with street trackage and tight turns.

B: 0-6-0

Class B comprised the 0-6-0 type, the most popular arrangement for switchers on the PRR.

  • B1
  • B2
  • B3
  • B4
  • B5 - Rebuilt from class H1 and H2a 2-8-0
  • B6
  • B7 - Some rebuilt from class H3, H3a, and H3b 2-8-0
  • B8
  • B21
  • B22
  • B23
  • B28s
  • B29

C: 0-8-0

Class C was assigned to the 0-8-0 type. These were very common on other railroads, but the PRR was not keen on them and only built a few. This was partly because the PRR used 2-8-0 "Consolidation" types for similar service.

  • C1 - Largest 2-cylinder 0-8-0 ever built
  • C29
  • C30
  • C31

D: 4-4-0

Class D was the 4-4-0 "American" type, the most common arrangement in 19th Century American railroading. 4-4-0s stayed in service on the PRR in secondary work later than on most other railroads, and three were in use until after World War II

  • D1
  • D2
  • D3
  • D4
  • D5
  • D6
  • D7
  • D8
  • D9
  • D10
  • D11
  • D12
  • D13
  • D14
  • D15 - Compound
  • D16
  • D21 - ex-Vandalia Railroad, built by Baldwin 1871-1873
  • D22 - ex-Vandalia Railroad, built by Pittsburgh 1883-1889
  • D23 - ex-Vandalia Railroad, built by Pittsburgh 1884
  • D24 - ex-Vandalia Railroad, built by Rogers 1887
  • D25 - ex-Vandalia Railroad, built by Pittsburgh 1890
  • D26 - ex-Vandalia Railroad, built by Schenectady 1895-1899
  • D30 - ex-Toledo, Walhonding Valley and Ohio Railroad, built by Rome 1890
  • D31 - ex-Toledo, Walhonding Valley and Ohio Railroad, built 1892-1895
  • D32 - Compound, ex-Toledo, Walhonding Valley and Ohio Railroad, built by Baldwin 1892
  • D33
  • D34 - ex-Cleveland and Marietta Railroad, built by Rome 1885
  • D35 - ex-Cleveland and Marietta Railroad, built by Rome 1885
  • D36 - ex-Cleveland and Marietta Railroad, built by Rogers 1885-1886
  • D37 - ex-Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern Railway, built by Baldwin 1894
  • D38 - ex-Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern Railway, built by Pittsburgh 1899
  • D39 - ex-Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad, built by Baldwin 1892-1893
  • D61 - ex-Cleveland, Akron and Columbus Railway, built by Baldwin 1893
  • "Odd D" #10003, an experimental electric locomotive.

E: 4-4-2

The 4-4-2 "Atlantic" type was assigned class E. The PRR was an enthusiastic user of the Atlantic type in flatter country, and built some of the most advanced Atlantics used in the United States.

F: 2-6-0

The 2-6-0 "Mogul" type was assigned class F. On the PRR, this type was used during the period of 1895–1925, approximately. They were mostly used to haul express freight, although some hauled suburban passenger trains.

  • F1
  • F2 - Compound
  • F3
  • F21
  • F22
  • F23
  • F24
  • F25
  • F26
  • F27
  • F30
  • F31
  • F61

G: 4-6-0

  • G1
  • G2
  • G3
  • G4
  • G5 - Largest 10 wheeler built. PRR constructed 90 for use in commuter service and then built 30 for their subsidiary the Long Island RR.
  • G53 - Owned By subsidiary Long Island RR

H: 2-8-0

I: 2-10-0

The 2-10-0 "Decapod" type was assigned class I. The PRR only owned one type of Decapod, class I1s, but they owned 598 of them, one of the largest classes of identical power in the United States.

  • I1s - heavy freight hauler.

J: 2-6-2 and 2-10-4

Class J was first used for two experimental 2-6-2 "Prairie" locomotives built by ALCO in 1905. These were both withdrawn from service by the mid-1920s. In 1942, the PRR built 125 2-10-4 "Texas" type locomotives based on C&O plans; class J now being unoccupied, it was reused for them. The PRR J1 was an improved version of its C&O counterpart with more pulling power.

  • J1 - 2-10-4 freight locomotives.
  • J28 - experimental 2-6-2 locomotives.

K: 4-6-2

The PRR assigned class K to the 4-6-2 "Pacific" type. The Pacific was the most common type of passenger locomotive on the Pennsylvania.

  • K2 - 153 built at Altoona 1910-1911
  • K3s - 30 built by Baldwin in 1913.
  • K4s - 425 built by the PRR and Baldwin 1914-1928.
  • K5 - 2 prototypes built

L: 2-8-2

Class L was assigned to the 2-8-2 "Mikado" type.

  • L1s - freight twin to the famed K4s Pacific (575 built)
  • L2s - the USRA standard light Mikado (5 built for PRR).
  • L5 - PRR 2nd generation DC electric locomotive.
  • L6 - PRR freight AC electric locomotives.

M: 4-8-2

  • M1 - mixed-traffic Mountain type, latterly mostly used on fast freight.

N: 2-10-2

  • N1s - Lines West heavy freight locomotive.
  • N2s - USRA Standard 2-10-2, also used on Lines West.

O: 4-4-4

The 4-4-4 arrangement was rare anywhere, and on the PRR it was found only on eight experimental electric locomotives.

  • O1 - experimental electric locomotives.

P: 4-6-4

The 4-6-4 arrangement was seen on the PRR only on electric locomotives. As a steam locomotive arrangement, it was poorly suited to the PRR's mountainous terrain, wasting much potential adhesive weight on non-driven wheels. That it was so widely used by the rival New York Central would also likely have factored against PRR adoption.

  • P5 - mixed-traffic electric locomotive, succeeded by the GG1.

Q: 4-4-6-4 or 4-6-4-4

The Q class comprised what were effectively 4-10-4s with the driving axles split into two driven groups. The Q2 was the most powerful non-articulated steam locomotive ever built and also holds the record for highest horsepower recorded by any steam locomotive at 7,987 hp.

  • Q1 - experimental duplex freight locomotive.
  • Q2 - duplex freight locomotive.

R: 4-8-4

The PRR never built any steam locomotives of the 4-8-4 "Northern" type, although the T1 duplexes were effectively a "Northern" with the driving wheels split into two groups.

  • R1 - experimental electric locomotive, surpassed by the GG1.

S: 6-4-4-6 or 6-8-6

Both S class locomotives were originally intended to only have four leading and trailing wheels, but increases in weight required an additional axle at each end. In the case of the S2, it was due to wartime limits on the use of advanced steel alloys.

T: 4-4-4-4

The duplex-drive T1 was the final class of steam locomotive constructed for the Pennsylvania Railroad, and possibly the most controversial.

  • T1 - Duplex express passenger locomotive.

Compound classifications

The PRR classified articulated locomotives and joined locomotive units by using multiples of the previous classifications.

Non-Articulated steam:

Articulated steam:

Articulated electric:

  • AA1 - experimental 0-4-4-0 or B-B electric locomotives.
  • BB1 - two-unit prototype AC electric 0-6-0+0-6-0 switching locomotive, later split into single units as class B1.
  • BB2 - two-unit 0-6-0+0-6-0 DC electric switching locomotives, later split into single units as class B1.
  • BB3 - two-unit 0-6-0+0-6-0 DC electric switching locomotives for LIRR, later split into single units as class B3.
  • DD1 - two-unit DC electric locomotive, two 4-4-0 half-locomotives semi-permanently coupled back to back. Served between Manhattan Transfer and Penn Station, and to Sunnyside Yard.
  • DD2 - experimental mixed-traffic AC electric locomotive, similar in overall design and appearance to GG1.
  • FF1 - 2-6-6-2 (1-C+C-1) experimental electric locomotive, 1917. Too powerful.
  • FF2 - 2-6-6-2 motor-generator AC electric locomotives acquired second-hand from the Great Northern Railway (their classes Y1 and Y1a) in 1956.
  • GG1 - express passenger and freight electric locomotive, highly successful.

Non-standard electric classification

The horsepower-based designation unique to the E44 would be retained and expanded by Penn Central to cover the former New Haven EF4s (E33) and EP5s (E40).

Diesel classification[1]

The Pennsylvania Railroad was slow to dieselize. By the end of WW2 they only had 18 units. However over the next 22 years they had acquired a total of 3005 units.[1] They bought from all the manufacturers: Alco 516 units, Baldwin 643 units, EMD 1,479 units, Fairbanks-Morse 200 units, General Electric 145 units, and Lima 22 units. This diversity was a nightmare for the maintenance department as there was very little compatibility amongst the different builders.

The class number system is as follows:
The first letter stood for the manufacturer; A=Alco, B =Baldwin, G =General Electric, E =EMD, F =Fairbanks-Morse, and L =Lima.
The second and third letters represented the type of service; S =switcher, F =Freight, P =passenger, :: PF=dual service, RS =road-switcher, and H =helper.
The next number(s) were for horse power rounded to hundreds.
The last letter, if used, was for model variations.

Alco

PRR ClassBuilder’s ModelBuild dateTotal
produced		Wheel
arrangement		ServicePower outputNotes
AS6S-11947–195140B-BSwitcher600 hp (450 kW)
AS10S-21948–195490B-BSwitcher1,000 hp (750 kW)22 units MU class AS10m
AS10aT-619586B-BSwitcher1,000 hp (750 kW)
AF15FA-11948–19508B-BFreight1,500 hp (1,120 kW)
AF15FB-11948–19508B-BFreight1,500 hp (1,120 kW)
AF16FA-2195124B-BFreight1,600 hp (1,190 kW)
AF16FA-2195112B-BFreight1,600 hp (1,190 kW)
AFP20PA-1194710A1A-A1APass2,000 hp (1,490 kW)many converted to Freight
AFP20PB-219475A1A-A1APass2,000 hp (1,490 kW)many converted to Freight
ARS10RS-11948–195227B-BFreight1,000 hp (750 kW)5 units used in Pass service
ARS15RS-219486B-BFreight1,500 hp (1,120 kW)ex D&H
ARS16RS-31951–1955115B-BFreight1,600 hp (1,190 kW)45 units used in Pass service
ARS16aRSD-41952–19536C-CFreight1,600 hp (1,190 kW)
ARS18RS-111956–195732B-BFreight1,800 hp (1,340 kW)
ARS18aRSD-121957–195825C-CFreight1,800 hp (1,340 kW)
ARS20RS-111956–19576B-BFreight2,000 hp (1,490 kW)
ARS24RSD-1519566C-CFreight2,400 hp (1,790 kW)
ARS24sRSD-71955–19565C-CPass2,400 hp (1,790 kW)
ARS24RS-27196215C-CFreight2,400 hp (1,790 kW)
AF24C-42419621C-CFreight2,400 hp (1,790 kW)
AF25C-4251964–196531C-CFreight2,500 hp (1,860 kW)
AF27C-628196515C-CFreight2,750 hp (2,050 kW)
AF30C-630196615C-CFreight3,000 hp (2,240 kW)
AF36C-636196815C-CFreight3,600 hp (2,680 kW)ordered but del to PC

Baldwin Locomotive Works

PRR ClassBuilder’s ModelBuild dateTotal
produced		Wheel
arrangement		ServicePower outputNotes
BS6VO-6601942–194512B-BSwitcher600 hp (450 kW)
BS6DS-4-4-6601942–194599B-BSwitcher660 hp (490 kW)
BS7DS-4-4-750195124B-BSwitcher750 hp (560 kW)
BS7S819517B-BSwitcher750 hp (560 kW)
BS10VO1943–19458B-BSwitcher1,000 hp (750 kW)
BS10DS-4-4-10001948–1950137B-BSwitcher1,000 hp (750 kW)
BS12S-121951–195698B-BSwitcher1,200 hp (890 kW)
BF15DR-4-4-15001940–195034B-BFreight1,500 hp (1,120 kW)Cab (A) aka “Sharknose”
BF15DR-4-4-15001940–195034B-BFreight1,500 hp (1,120 kW)Cab (B)
BF16RF-16 (A)1950–195272B-BFreight1,600 hp (1,190 kW)Cab (A) aka “Sharknose”
BF16RF-16 (B)1950–195230B-BFreight1,600 hp (1,190 kW)Cab (B)
BP60aDR-12-8-30001947–1948242-D-D-2Pass3,000 hp (2,240 kW)converted to helper aka "Centipede"
BP20DR-6-4-2000194818A1A-A1APass2,000 hp (1,490 kW)Cab (A)
BP20DR-6-4-200019489A1A-A1APass2,000 hp (1,490 kW)Cab (B)
BRS10DRS-4-4-10001949–19506B-BPass1,000 hp (750 kW)
BRS12RS-121951–19548B-BPass1,200 hp (890 kW)3 units used in Pass service
BRS15DRS-4-4-150019508B-BPass1,500 hp (1,120 kW)
BRS16AS-6161953–195528C-CPass1,600 hp (1,190 kW)16 units used in Pass service
BRS24RT-6241951–195422C-CTransfer2,400 hp (1,790 kW)
LRS25T25001950–195122C-CTransfer2,500 hp (1,860 kW)Built by Lima Locomotive Works

General Electric

PRR ClassBuilder’s ModelBuild dateTotal
produced		Wheel
arrangement		ServicePower outputNotes
GS444 Ton1948–195046B-BSwitcher400 hp (300 kW)
GF25U25B196559B-BFreight2,500 hp (1,860 kW)
GF25aU25C196520C-CFreight2,500 hp (1,860 kW)
GF28aU28C196615C-CFreight2,800 hp (2,090 kW)
GF30aU30C19675C-CFreight3,000 hp (2,240 kW)

EMD

PRR ClassBuilder’s ModelBuild dateTotal
produced		Wheel
arrangement		ServicePower outputNotes
ES6SW193712B-BSwitcher600 hp (450 kW)
ES6SW11942–195085B-BSwitcher600 hp (450 kW)
ES10NW21941–194832B-BSwitcher1,000 hp (750 kW)
ES12SW7-SW91950–195384B-BSwitcher1,200 hp (890 kW)
ES12SW1200195735B-BSwitcher1,200 hp (890 kW)
EF15F3A,F7A1947–1952203B-BFreight1,500 hp (1,120 kW)Cab A unit
EF15F3B,F7B1947–1952107B-BFreight1,500 hp (1,120 kW)Cab B unit
EPF15FP7A195240B-BPass1,500 hp (1,120 kW)Cab A unit
EPF15FP7B195214B-BPass1,500 hp (1,120 kW)Cab B unit
EP20E7A1945–194946A1A-A1APass2,000 hp (1,490 kW)Cab A unit
EP20E7B1945–194914A1A-A1APass2,000 hp (1,490 kW)Cab B unit
EP22E8A1950–195274A1A-A1APass2,250 hp (1,680 kW)Cab A unit
ERS15GP71952–195366B-BFreight1,500 hp (1,120 kW)10 units used in Pass service
ERS15axSD719532B-BFreight1,500 hp (1,120 kW)
ERS17GP91955–1959310B-BFreight1,750 hp (1,300 kW)40 units no cab
ERS17aSD91957–195825C-CFreight1,750 hp (1,300 kW)
EF22GP30196352B-BFreight2,250 hp (1,680 kW)
EF25GP351964–1965119B-BFreight2,500 hp (1,860 kW)
EF25aSD35196540C-CFreight2,500 hp (1,860 kW)
EF30aSD40196665C-CFreight3,000 hp (2,240 kW)
EF36SD45196665C-CFreight3,600 hp (2,680 kW)
EF20aGP3819675B-BFreight2,000 hp (1,490 kW)Built for PRSL

Fairbanks-Morse

PRR ClassBuilder’s ModelBuild dateTotal
produced		Wheel
arrangement		ServicePower outputNotes
FS10H10-441948–194955B-BSwitcher1,000 hp (750 kW)
FS12H12-441952–195416B-BSwitcher1,200 hp (890 kW)
FF20Erie Built1947–194836A1A-A1AFreight2,000 hp (1,490 kW)Cab A
FF20Erie Built1947–194812A1A-A1AFreight2,000 hp (1,490 kW)Cab B
FF16CF-16-4195016B-BFreight1,600 hp (1,190 kW)Cab A
FF16CF-16-419508B-BFreight1,600 hp (1,190 kW)Cab B
FRS-16H16-44195210B-BFreight1,600 hp (1,190 kW)
FRS-20H20-441948–195138B-BFreight2,000 hp (1,490 kW)
FRS-24H24-661953–19549C-CFreight2,400 hp (1,790 kW)aka Train Master

References

  1. 1 2 3 Staufer, Alvin F., Edson, D. William, and Harley, E. Thomas. Pennsy Power lll. Staufer. ISBN 0-944513-10-7
  2. ↑ Nock, O. S., et al. Railways at the Turn of the Century, 1895-1905. Blandford P., 1969.
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