Oscar-class submarine

Oscar ll class
Tomsk in Vilyuchinsk.
Class overview
Name: Oscar ll class
Builders: Sevmash
Operators:
Preceded by: Papa class
Succeeded by: Yasen class
Built: 1975–1996
In service: 1981–present
In commission: 1980–present
Planned: 20 (2 949, 18 949A)[1]
Building: 1[2][3]
Completed: 13 (2 949, 11 949A)
Cancelled: 6 (2 incomplete, 4 never laid down)
Active: 6 +2 on modernization to 949AM[4]
Laid up: 2[5]
Lost: 1
Retired: 4
General characteristics
Type: Submarine
Displacement:
  • 12,500/14,700 tons surfaced
  • 16,500/19,400 tons submerged[1]
Length: 155 m (508 ft 6 in)[1] maximum
Beam: 18.2 m (59 ft 9 in)
Draught: 9 m (29 ft 6 in)
Installed power: 2 × pressurized water cooled reactors
Propulsion: 2 × steam turbines delivering 73,070 kW (97,990 shp) to two shafts
Speed:
  • 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) surfaced
  • 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph) submerged[1]
Endurance: 120 days[1]
Complement: 94/107[1]
Armament:
  • 4 × 533 mm (21.0 in) and 2 × 650 mm (26 in) torpedo tubes in bow
  • 28 × 533 mm and 650 mm weapons, including Tsakra (SS-N-15 Starfish) anti-submarine missiles with 15 kt nuclear warheads and Vodopad/Veter (SS-N-16 Stallion) anti-submarine missiles with 200 kt nuclear warhead or Type 40 anti-submarine torpedo or 32 ground mines
  • 24 × P-700 Granit (SS-N-19 Shipwreck) cruise missiles with 750 kilograms (1,650 lb) HE or 4 x 500kt Nuclear Warheads

Project 949 (Granit) and Project 949A (Antey) are Soviet Navy/Russian Navy cruise missile submarines (NATO reporting names: Oscar I and Oscar II respectively).

Project 949 submarines were the largest cruise missile submarines in service, until the Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines were converted to carry cruise missiles in 2007. They are the fourth largest class of submarines in displacement and length. Only the Typhoon-class Soviet/Russian submarines, the American Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines and the Russian Borei-class submarines are larger.

History

The first submarine of Project 949 was laid down in the mid-1970s and was commissioned in 1980. In 1982 an updated and larger version (Project 949A) replaced the earlier version. In total thirteen submarines were constructed. The Oscar class was designed to attack NATO carrier battle groups using long-range SS-N-19 "Shipwreck" anti-ship missiles and targeting data provided by the EORSAT satellite system (via the submarine's "Punch Bowl" antenna).[6][7][8] In the financial problems that followed the fall of the Soviet Union the Oscar class was prioritized by the Russian Navy and when many older submarine classes were retired the Oscar class remained active in both the Northern and Pacific Fleets. As of 2011, five submarines are currently active with several more in reserve or waiting for repairs.

Versions

Project 949 Granit

Project 949

Two Project 949 Granit submarines were built at Severodvinsk between 1975 and 1982 and assigned to the Soviet Northern Fleet. K-525 was laid down in 1975 and K-206 was laid down in 1979. After the construction of the first two submarines, production continued with the improved project 949A Antey. Both submarines of the Project 949 were decommissioned in 1996[9] and scrapped in 2004.[10]

Project 949A Antey

Project 949A

Eleven Project 949A Antey submarines were completed at Severodvinsk, of which five were assigned to the Soviet Northern Fleet. At one stage it had been planned to develop a new fourth-generation follow-on to the Project 949A, but this plan was later dropped. The external differences between the two classes were that the 949A class is about 10 metres (33 ft) longer than its predecessor (~154 metres (505 ft) rather than 143 m (469 ft)), providing space for improved electronics and possibly quieter propulsion.
Some sources speculate that the acoustic performance of the Oscar II class is superior to early Akula-class submarine but inferior to the Akula II as well as subsequent (4. generation) designs.[11] It also has a larger fin, and a seven-bladed propeller instead of a four-bladed one.[12] Like all post-World War II Soviet designs, they are of double hull construction.[13] Similarly, like other Soviet submarine designs, Project 949 not only has a bridge open to the elements on top of the sail but, for use in inclement weather, there is an enclosed bridge forward and slightly below this station in the fin/sail. A distinguishing mark is a slight bulge at the top of the fin. A large door on either side of the fin reaches this bulge. These are wider at the top than on the bottom, and are hinged on the bottom. The Federation of American Scientists[12] reports that this submarine carries an emergency crew escape capsule; it is possible that these doors cover it. The VSK escape capsule can accommodate 110 people.[14]

In September 2015, during a visit to the Zvezda shipyard at Bolshoy Kamen on Russia's Pacific coast, Russian defence minister Sergei Shoigu announced that at least three Oscar-class submarines will be modernized to a new Project 949AM standard. The modernization will include updated electronic and communication equipment as well as new weaponry.[15] Up to eight submarines will be modenized at a cost of 12 billion RUB (180 million USD) per submarine.[16] The modernization will include replacing the 24 P-700 Granit missiles with up to 72 newer P-800 Oniks or Kalibr anti-ship missiles.[17][18]

Project 09852

In December 2012, construction began on a special purpose research and rescue submarine, designated project 09852, and based on the incomplete project 949A (Oscar II class) submarine Belgorod.[19][20] The submarine is reportedly designed to carry both manned (e.g. Project 18511 midget submarine) as well as unmanned (e.g. Klavesin-1R) underwater vessels.[19][21] However, while carrying smaller unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) would be possible as-is on an Oscar-class hull, the accommodation of a midget submarine such as Project 18511 Paltus or the even larger Project 10831 Losharik,[22] would probably require a major hull extension in order to accommodate a docking compartment. For example, the length of the submarine BS-64 Podmoskovye was increased by 9 metres (30 ft) even though the SLBM missile compartment was completely removed.[23][24] It is estimated that Belgorod will be 184 metres (604 ft) long which would make it the longest submarine in the world.[2][25]

Belgorod may also carry the rumored Kanyon (Status-6) strategic weapon, with four such weapons being carried horizontally (two on each side of the submarine) in place of the 24 SS-N-19 Shipwreck launchers for total yield of 400 megatonnes.[26][27][21][28]

Units

# Name Project Laid down Launched Commissioned Fleet Status
K-525 Arkhangelsk
(ex-Minskiy Komsomolets)		 949 25 July 1975 3 May 1980 30 December 1980 Northern Fleet Decommissioned 1996,[9] scrapped in 2004[10]
K-206 Murmansk 949 22 April 1979 10 December 1982 30 November 1983 Northern Fleet Decommissioned 1996,[9] scrapped in 2004[10]
K-148 Krasnodar 949A 22 July 1982 3 March 1985 30 September 1986 Northern Fleet Retired, scrapping began in late 2012[29]
K-173 Krasnoyarsk 949A 4 August 1983 27 March 1986 31 December 1986 Pacific Fleet Inactive, caught fire during scrapping[30]
K-132 Irkutsk 949A 8 May 1985 27 December 1987 30 December 1988 Pacific Fleet Currently being modernized at Zvezda shipyard[31][32][33]
K-119 Voronezh 949A 25 February 1986 16 December 1988 29 December 1989 Northern Fleet Active, after overhaul completed in November 2011[34]
K-410 Smolensk 949A 9 December 1986 20 January 1990 22 December 1990 Northern Fleet Active, after overhaul completed in December 2013[35][36]
K-442 Chelyabinsk 949A 21 May 1987 18 June 1990 28 December 1990 Pacific Fleet Currently being modernized at Zvezda shipyard[32][33]
K-456 Tver
(ex-Vilyuchinsk)		 949A 9 February 1988 28 June 1991 18 August 1992 Pacific Fleet Active
K-266 Orel
(ex-Severodvinsk)		 949AM 19 January 1989 22 May 1992 30 December 1992 Northern Fleet Active, after overhaul completed in April 2017[37][38]
K-186 Omsk 949A 13 July 1989 10 May 1993 20 July 1996 Pacific Fleet Active, after overhaul completed in 2008[39][40][41]
K-150 Tomsk 949A 27 August 1991 20 July 1996 30 December 1996 Pacific Fleet Active, after overhaul completed in 2014[42][43]
K-141 Kursk 949A 22 March 1992 16 May 1994 30 December 1994 Northern Fleet Lost 12 August 2000
K-139 Belgorod 949A 24 July 1992 Under construction, in conversion for special missions[44][3]
K-135 Volgograd 949A 2 September 1993 Unfinished, parts used in the construction of newer submarines[45]
Construction may be restarted[46]
K-165 Barnaul 949A April 1994 Unfinished, parts used in the construction of newer submarines[45]
Construction may be restarted[46]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Podvodnye Lodki, Yu.V. Apalkov, Sankt Peterburg, 2002, ISBN 5-8172-0069-4
  2. 1 2 "Now, Russia builds a submarine even bigger than the Typhoon".
  3. 1 2 Sputnik. "Russian Navy to Receive Biggest and Most Unique Nuclear Submarine in the World". sputniknews.com.
  4. ↑ "ЦАМТО / Новости / До 2025 года Минобороны РФ намерено модернизировать 4 атомные подлодки для ТОФ". www.armstrade.org.
  5. ↑ "Russia to Complete and Modernize Antei-class Subs". rusnavy.com.
  6. ↑ Siddiqi, Asif (November 1999). "Staring at the Sea: The Soviet RORSAT and EORSAT Progammes" (PDF). Journal of British Interplanetary Society. 52 (11): 397–416.
  7. ↑ "data" (JPG). i.imgur.com.
  8. ↑ "SSGN Oscar II Class (Project 949.A) (Kursk) – Naval Technology". naval-technology.com.
  9. 1 2 3 "Oscar 1 class". Military Today. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
  10. 1 2 3 "Zvezdochka dismantling two nuclear subs". Bellona Foundation. 2 April 2004. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
  11. ↑ "China's Noisy Nuclear Submarines » FAS Strategic Security Blog". Fas.org. Retrieved 2013-03-24.
  12. 1 2 "Project 949 Granit / Oscar I ; Project 949A Antey / Oscar II". Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
  13. ↑ "949 /A Oscar I/II class". warfare.be. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  14. ↑ "A Mystery In The Deep". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 16 January 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
  15. ↑ "Russia details ambitious effort to modernise nuclear-powered submarines to bolster order of battle". janes.com.
  16. ↑
  17. ↑ "Russian Navy's Long Arm: Kalibr missile family". 8 October 2015.
  18. ↑ "Russia Looking To Boost Submarines To Turn The Tide". 5 October 2015.
  19. 1 2 "Russia builds deep-sea research submarine". World-nuclear-news.org. 2012-12-21. Retrieved 2013-02-06.
  20. ↑ "Russia builds nuclear submarine for deep-water research". Barents Observer. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
  21. 1 2 "404: OK". www.hisutton.com.
  22. ↑ John Pike. "Project 210 Losharik". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2013-02-06.
  23. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-02-12. Retrieved 2016-12-26.
  24. ↑ "Barentsobserver". Barentsobserver.
  25. ↑ "404: OK". www.hisutton.com.
  26. ↑ "Russia has underwater nuclear drones, newly leaked Pentagon documents reveal". 14 January 2018.
  27. ↑ Farley, Robert (20 January 2018). "Russia's Status-6: The Ultimate Nuclear Weapon or an Old Idea That Won't Die?".
  28. ↑ "Project 09852". www.deagel.com.
  29. ↑ "Nerpa Shipyard Starts Dismantling of Nuc Sub Krasnodar". rusnavy.com.
  30. ↑ "Soviet-Era Nuclear Submarine Catches Fire During Disassembly".
  31. ↑ "Подводный крейсер К-132, "Иркутск". Проект 949А". www.deepstorm.ru.
  32. 1 2 "Russia to equip nuclear-powered Oscar-class submarines with Kalibr cruise missiles".
  33. 1 2 "Russia to upgrade only part of nuclear-powered Antey submarines".
  34. ↑ ЦС "Звездочка" завершил ремонт атомного подводного ракетного крейсера К-119 "Воронеж" [CA "Star" completed the renovation of nuclear submarine K-119 "Voronezh"]. flot.com (in Russian). I-mash.ru. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
  35. ↑ "Repair Works Started on SSN Smolensk". rusnavy.com.
  36. ↑ правды», Ольга ЕФРЕМОВА (31 December 2013). "Атомоход «Смоленск» в 2014 году посетит Северный полюс". Text " Сайт «Комсомольской" ignored (help)
  37. ↑ "Подводный крейсер "Орел" отправился к месту базирования". 6 April 2017.
  38. ↑ "Nuclear-powered Oscar-class submarine returns to Russian fleet".
  39. ↑ "Defense shipyard Zvezda claims RUR 65 mln for repairs of SSGN Omsk". rusnavy.com. 7 September 2010. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
  40. ↑ "Court obliged Pacific Fleet to pay for repair of SSN Omsk". rusnavy.com. 8 April 2011. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
  41. ↑ "Подводный крейсер К-186, "Омск". Проект 949А". www.deepstorm.ru.
  42. ↑ "PRESS-CENTER". dcss.ru.
  43. ↑ "Nuclear submarine Tomsk returns to Kamchatka naval base having completed naval combat training tasks : Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation". eng.mil.ru.
  44. ↑ Safronov, Sergey (9 February 2012). "Russia to Convert Belgorod Submarine for Special Missions". Ria Novosti. Retrieved 2012-01-01.
  45. 1 2 Лодки с крылатыми ракетами defendingrussia.ru
  46. 1 2 "Russia to Complete and Modernize Antei-class Subs". rusnavy.com.

Bibliography

  • The Encyclopedia Of Warships, From World War Two To The Present Day, General Editor Robert Jackson.
  • "The Kursk Crisis". deepspace4.com. 23 August 2000. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011.
  • "Oscar-class subs and Soviet RORSATs". Friends and Partners. 1 September 2000.
  • Line drawing of Oscar-class submarine
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.