Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh

Namgyal dyansty of Ladakh
1460–1842
Religion Tibetan Buddhism
Government Monarchy
History  
• Established
1460
• Disestablished
1842
Succeeded by
Sikh Empire

The Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh was founded by Bhagan, a Basgo king, who reunited Ladakh by overthrowing the king of Leh. He took the surname Namgyal (meaning victorious) and founded a new dynasty which still survives today. King Tashi Namgyal (1555-1575) managed to repel most Central Asian raiders, and built a royal fort on the top of the Namgyal Peak. Tsewang Namgyal temporarily extended his kingdom as far as Nepal.

The Territorial Extent of Ladakh during the period of King Nyimagon about 975 A. D.- 1000 A.D. as depicted in A History of Western Tibet by A.H. Francke, 1907
The empire of King Tsewang Rnam Rgyal 1., and that of King Jamyang Rnam Rgyal., about 1560 and 1600 A.D

Sengge Namgyal (r. 1616-1642), known as the 'Lion' King made efforts to restore Ladakh to its old glory by an ambitious and energetic building program including the Leh palace and the rebuilding of several gompas, the most famous of which are Hemis and Hanle.[1]

The Stok Royal Palace, residence of the Namgyal dynasty, former rulers of the former Ladakh kingdom, now part of the Indian state of Jammu & Kashmir.

He expanded the kingdom into Zanskar and Spiti, but was defeated by the Mughals, who had already occupied Kashmir and Baltistan. His son Deldan Namgyal (1642-1694) had to placate the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb by building a mosque in Leh. However, he defeated the Mughal army in Baltistan. His son Delek sided with Bhutan in a religious dispute between Tibet and Bhutan, which resulted in an attempted invasion by the fifth Dalai Lama. The Moghuls withdrew after being paid off by the 5th Dalai Lama.[2] With the help of reinforcements from Galdan Boshugtu Khan, Khan of the Zungar Empire, the Tibetans attacked again in 1684. The Tibetans were victorious and concluded a treaty with Ladakh then they retreated back to Lhasa on December 1684. The Treaty of Temisgam in 1684 settled the dispute between Tibet and Ladakh, but its independence was seriously restricted.

By the beginning of the 19th century, the Mughal empire had collapsed and Sikh rule had been established in Punjab and Kashmir. However the Dogra region of Jammu remained under its Rajput rulers, the greatest of whom was Maharaja Gulab Singh (1792-1857)——his General Zorawar Singh invaded Ladakh in 1834. King Tshespal Namgyal was dethroned and exiled to Stok.

List of kings

The kings of Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:[3]

  1. Lhachen Bhagan (c. 1460-85)
  2. Unknown (c. 1485-1510)
  3. Lata Jughdan (c. 1510-35)
  4. Kunga Namgyal I (c. 1535-55)
  5. Tashi Namgyal (c. 1555-75) son
  6. Tsewang Namgyal (c. 1575-95) nephew
  7. Namgyal Gonpo (c. 1595-1600) brother
  8. Jamyang Namgyal (Jams-dbyang-rnam-rgyal, c. 1595-1616) brother
  9. Sengge Namgyal (Seng-ge-rnam-rgyal, first time, 1616–23) son
  10. Norbu Namgyal (1623–24) brother
  11. Sengge Namgyal (second time, 1624–42)
  12. Deldan Namgyal (Bde-ldan-rnam-rgyal,1642-1694) son
  13. Delek Namgyal (Bde-legs-rnam-rgyal, c. 1680-91) son
  14. Nyima Namgyal (1694-1729) son
  15. Deskyong Namgyal (1729–39) son
  16. Phuntsog Namgyal (1739–53) son
  17. Tsewang Namgyal (1753–82) son
  18. Tseten Namgyal (1782-1802) son
  19. Tsepal Dondup Namgyal (1802–37, 1839–40) brother
  20. Kunga Namgyal II (1840–42) grandson

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Rizvi (1996), p. 69.
  2. ↑ Johan Elverskog (6 June 2011). Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 223–. ISBN 0-8122-0531-6.
  3. ↑ Petech, Luciano (1977) The kingdom of Ladakh c. 950-1842 A.D. Roma: IsMEO, p. 171-2.

References

  • History of Ladakh
  • Rizvi, Janet ; Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia. Second Edition. (1996). Oxford University Press, Delhi. ISBN 0-19-564546-4.
  • History of Sikkim
  • Sikkim
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