Nakhichevansky Uyezd

Nakhichevansky Uyezd (in English)
  • Нахичеванский уезд (Modern Russian)

Coat of Arms
Established 1849
Abolished 1918
Political status Uyezd
Region Caucasus
Area 3,858.8 verst²
Population (1897 census)
 • Total 100771
 • Density 26.1 inhab. / verst²
Government

The Nakhichevansky Uyezd (Russian: Нахичеванский уезд) was a district (uyezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the governorate's Sharur-Daralagezsky Uyezd to the north, the Zangezursky Uyezd of the Elisabethpol Governorate to the east, and Persia to the south. It included most of the Nakhichevan exclave of present-day Azerbaijan and the southwesternmost part of the Syunik Province of present-day Armenia. Its administrative center was Nakhichevan.[1]

Geography

The relief of the uyezd was mainly mountainous with most of the lowland was located along the Aras River. The highest peaks of the uyezd (Kambil at 11,188 feet (3,410 m); Damara-dag at 11,090 feet (3,380 m); and Mount Kapudzhukh at 12,855 feet (3,918 m)) were located along the Karabakh Range, which made up the eastern boundary with the Elisabethpol Governorate. Kyuki-dag at 10,282 feet (3,134 m) rose from the Sharur-Daralagezsky Uyezd in the north. The left tributaries of the Aras (the Nakhichevan-chay, Alinja-chay, and Gilan-chay) flowed through the territory of the uyezd.[2]

History

The territory of the uyezd was part of Persia's Erivan and Nakhichevan Khanates until 1828, when according to the Treaty of Turkmenchay, they were annexed to the Russian Empire. It was administered as part of the Armenian Oblast from 1828 to 1840.[3] In 1844, the Caucasus Viceroyalty was re-established, in which the territory of the Nakhichevansky Uyezd formed part of the Tiflis Governorate. In 1849, the Erivan Governorate was established, separate from the Tiflis Governorate. It was made up of the Erivansky, Nakhchivansky, Aleksandropolsky, Novobayazetsky, and Ordubadsky Uyezds. The Ordubadsky Uyezd was abolished and incorporated into the Nakhichevansky Uyezd and the Zangezursky Uyezd of the Elisabethpol Governorate in 1868. Following administrative reforms, the northern part of the Nakhchivansky Uyezd (Daralagyoz) was separated to form part of the new Sharur-Daralagezsky Uyezd in 1870.[4] In 1918-1920, the uyezd was disputed between the First Republic of Armenia and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.[5] After the establishment of Soviet rule, most of the uyezd became part of the Nakhichevan ASSR of the Azerbaijan SSR in accordance with the treaties of Moscow and Kars, while the southeasternmost corner became part of the Armenian SSR.[6][7]

Demographics

According to the 1897 Russian Empire Census, the population of the uyezd was 100,771, of which 64,151 were Tatars (63.66%), 34,672 were Armenians (34.41%), 1,014 East Slavs (Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians; 1%), and 639 Kurds (0.6%).[8] The Tatars made up the majority of the uyezd's population, including the major cities of Nakhichevan (70.1%) and Ordubad (88.7%).[9] The population of the uyezd was engaged in cattle breeding and gardening, especially in the Ordubad area. There were almost no plants or factories. Salt plantations produced about 250,000 pounds of salt per annum.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus. Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 59. ISBN 9780300153088.
  2. 1 2 (in Russian) "Большой энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Нахичевань" [Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia Dictionary. Nakhichevan Uyezd].
  3. ↑ Bournoutian, George A. (1992). The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers. p. 26. ISBN 9780939214181.
  4. ↑ (in Russian) "Административно-территориальные реформы на Кавказе в середине и во второй половине XIX века" [Administrative-territorial reforms in the Caucasus in the middle and second half of the 19th century].
  5. ↑ Tsutsiev, pp. 71–76.
  6. ↑ Tsutsiev, p. 84.
  7. ↑ (in Russian) "Договор о дружбе между Армянской ССР, Азербайджанской ССР и Грузинской ССР, с одной стороны, и Турцией - с другой, Заключенный при участии РСФСР в Карсе" [Treaty of friendship between the Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR on one side and Turkey on the other, with the participation of the Russian SFSR in Kars]. Archived from the original on 2007-04-24.
  8. ↑ (in Russian) 1897 Census, Nakhichevansky Uyezd Demoscope Weekly
  9. ↑ (in Russian) "Нахичеванский уезд (1897 г.)" [Nakhichevansky Uyezd (1897)].

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