Muhammad Saeed al-Sahhaf

Muhammad Saeed al-Sahhaf
Al-Sahhaf in 1996
Foreign Minister of Iraq
In office
June 6, 1992 – October 23, 2001
President Saddam Hussein
Preceded by Tariq Aziz
Succeeded by Naji Sabri
Minister of Information
In office
October 23, 2001 – May 1, 2003
President Saddam Hussein
Preceded by Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur
Succeeded by Ministry dissolved
Personal details
Born (1940-07-30) 30 July 1940
Hilla, Iraq
Political party Arab Socialist Ba'ath
Alma mater Baghdad University also University of Arizona, degree in mining, on or about 1968

Mohammed Saeed al-Sahhaf (Arabic: محمد سعيد الصحاف‎ Muḥammad Saʿīd Al-Ṣaḥḥāf; born 30 July 1940) is a former Iraqi diplomat and politician. He came to world wide prominence around the 2003 invasion of Iraq, during which he was the Iraqi Information Minister under Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, acting as spokesperson for the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party and Saddam's government.

Before the Iraq war

Al-Sahhaf was born in Hilla, near Karbala to a Shi'ite Arab family. After studying journalism[1] at Baghdad University he graduated with a master's degree in English literature.[2] He planned to become an English teacher[1] before joining the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in 1963. In the early days of the Ba'athist regime, he read out regular announcements of recently executed Iraqis on state television.[3]

He served as an ambassador to Sweden, Burma, the United Nations, and Italy before returning to Iraq to serve as Foreign Minister in 1992.[1] The reasons for his removal as Foreign Minister in April 2001 are unclear, but his achievements in the position were often claimed to be less satisfactory than that of his predecessor, Tariq Aziz. At least one report suggests that Uday Hussein (son of Iraqi President Saddam Hussein) was responsible for the removal.[1]

During the Iraq War

Al-Sahhaf is known for his daily press briefings in Baghdad during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. His colorful appearances caused him to be nicknamed "Baghdad Bob"[4] (in the style of previous propagandists with geographical aliases—some of them alliterative, such as "Tokyo Rose", "Hanoi Hannah" and "Seoul City Sue") by commentators in the United States. He was nicknamed "Comical Ali" (a wordplay allusion to "Chemical Ali" the nickname of former Iraqi Defence Minister Ali Hassan al-Majid) by commentators in the United Kingdom; commentators in Italy similarly nicknamed him "Alì il Comico".

His pronouncements included claims that American soldiers were committing suicide "by the hundreds" outside the city, and denial that there were any American tanks in Baghdad, when in fact they were only several hundred meters away from the press conference where he was speaking and the combat sounds of the nearing American troops could already be heard in the background of the broadcast. On another occasion he spoke of the disastrous outcomes of previous foreign attempts to invade Iraq, citing an unspecified Western history book and inviting the journalists present to come to his home to read it. His last public appearance as Information Minister was on 8 April 2003, when he said that the Americans "are going to surrender or be burned in their tanks. They will surrender, it is they who will surrender".[5] When asked where he had got his information he replied, "authentic sources—many authentic sources".[6] He pointed out that he "was a professional, doing his job".[6]

He frequently used the word ‘ulūj (علوج), an obscure and particularly insulting term for infidels, to describe the American forces in Iraq. This caused some debate in the Arabic-language media about the exact meaning of the word with most concluding it meant "bloodsucking insect". In an August 2003 interview on Abu Dhabi Al Oula, al-Sahhaf said it was an archaic term attributed to Umar ibn Al-Khattāb.[7][8]

Al-Sahhaf gained something of a cult following in the West, appearing on T-shirts, cartoons, and in Internet phenomena.[9] In the UK, a DVD documentary was sold about his exploits and televised interviews, called Comical Ali.

Post-war life

On 25 June 2003, the British newspaper The Daily Mirror reported that al-Sahhaf had been captured by coalition troops at a roadblock in Baghdad.[10] The report was not confirmed by military authorities and was denied by al-Sahhaf's family through Abu Dhabi TV. The next day al-Sahhaf himself recorded an interview for the Dubai-based news channel, al-Arabiya.[11] He was reportedly paid as much as $200,000 for the television interview, during which he appeared very withdrawn in contrast with the bombastic persona he projected during the war. Many of his answers consisted of a simple "yes" or "no". He refused to speculate on the causes of the downfall of the Iraqi government and answered only "history will tell" when asked if video clips purporting to prove that Saddam Hussein was alive were genuine, amid speculation at that time that Hussein had been killed during the war.

His fame quickly evaporated as the war continued into the insurgency phase; from the middle of 2003 onward, he faded from the public spotlight, and was no longer a figure in the war. Al-Sahhaf said that he had surrendered to US forces, had been interrogated by them and released.[12][13] He was not charged for his role in Saddam Hussein's government.

In November 2014, Swedish newspaper Expressen posted a video of an ill man, ostensibly Al-Sahhaf in a hospital bed in the UAE, claiming that he was dying.[14]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Profile: Mohammed Saeed al-Sahhaf". BBC News. 27 June 2003. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
  2. ↑ Alderson, Andrew (March 2003). "'True lies' make web star out of Saddam's mouthpiece". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
  3. ↑ Fisk, Robert (2006). The Great War For Civilisation. London: Harper Perennial. p. 187. ISBN 1-84115-008-8.
  4. ↑ "Report: U.S. Bags 'Baghdad Bob'". Fox News Channel. 25 June 2003. Retrieved 25 June 2003.
  5. ↑ Jones, Howard (2008). Crucible of Power: A History of American Foreign Relations from 1897. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 591. ISBN 978-0-7425-5825-0.
  6. 1 2 "'Comical Ali' resurfaces". BBC News. 26 June 2003. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
  7. ↑ "Al-Sahhaf: the public face of Saddam". Daily Mail. 5 April 2003.
  8. ↑ Andrew Hammond (2007). Popular Culture in the Arab World: Arts, Politics, and the Media. American University in Cairo Press. p. 60. ISBN 9774160541.
  9. ↑ "We Love the Iraqi Information Minister". We Love the Iraqi Information Minister. 30 May 2003. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
  10. ↑ "Report: U.S. Bags 'Baghdad Bob'". FoxNews.com. 25 June 2003. Retrieved 25 June 2003.
  11. ↑ Kaplan, Don (30 April 2003). "Ex-Iraqi Information Minister Could Be a TV Star". FoxNews.com. Retrieved 30 April 2003.
  12. ↑ "Ex-minister detained, released". Associated Press. 27 June 2003.
  13. ↑ DePrang, Emily (March 21, 2013). "'Baghdad Bob' and His Ridiculous, True Predictions". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  14. ↑ "Bagdad Bob döende: Sällsynt video visar as-Sahaf i sjukbädd" [Baghdad Bob dying: Rare video shows as-Sahaf in sickbed]. Expressen.se (in Swedish). AB Kvällstidningen Expressen. 7 November 2014. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
Government offices
Preceded by
Tariq Aziz		 Iraqi Foreign Minister
1992–2001		 Succeeded by
Naji Sabri
Preceded by
Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur		 Iraqi Information Minister
2001–2003		 Ministry dissolved
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