Muhammad Ali (Brunei)

Muhammad Ali
12th Sultan of Brunei
Reign 1660 CE - 1661 CE[1]
Predecessor Abdul Jalilul Jabbar
Successor Abdul Hakkul Mubin
Died 16 November 1661
Issue Hussin Kamaluddin (Raja Husain)[2]
Raja Hasan
Pengiran Bendahara Pengiran Muda Bungsu
Pengiran Di-Gadong Raja Omar Pemukar
Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Puteri Siti Mariam (Raja Sari)[2]
Father Muhammad Hassan
Religion Sunni Islam

Muhammad Ali was the twelfth Sultan of Brunei. He ruled from 1660 until he was garroted by his successor Abdul Hakkul Mubin in 1661. His death led to the starting of the Brunei Civil War. After his demise, he was locally known as Marhum Tumbang Di Rumput.[1] He was avenged by his son-in-law Muhyiddin who later became the fourteenth Sultan of Brunei.

Background

His Highness was the son of Sultan Muhammad Hassan, the ninth Sultan of Brunei. He was the brother of Sultan Abdul Jalilul Akbar, the tenth Sultan of Brunei, Sultan Tengah of Sarawak and Sultan Muwallil Wasit I of Sulu.[2]

His Highness' son, Raja Husain was crowned as the sixteenth Sultan of Brunei after the demise of his predecessor Sultan Nasruddin.[1] Raja Husain was known as Sultan Hussin Kamaluddin. The daughter of Sultan Muhammad Ali, Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Puteri Siti Mariam (Raja Sari), was married to Sultan Muhyiddin, the fourteenth Sultan of Brunei.[2]

Death

The Sultan's son, Pengiran Muda Bungsu, killed the son of Pengiran Bendahara Hakkul Mubin who lost in a cockfight.[1] The enraged Pengiran Bendahara went to the Lapau to meet the Sultan. During the audience, the Pengiran Bendahara and Pengiran Muda Bungsu were present. The Pengiran Bendahara asked for justice from the Sultan as his late son did not commit any wrongdoings. Then, His Highness commanded:

Upon hearing the Sultan's titah (command), Pengiran Muda Bongsu escaped inside of the Istana. The just Sultan allowed the Pengiran Bendahara to punish his son. However, the Pengiran Bendahara failed to find him as Pengiran Muda Bongsu had escaped to the jungle.[3] This made the Pengiran Bendahara more enraged. As a result, the Pengiran Bendahara killed and injured many palace households.[3] The Sultan, fearing that the Pengiran Bendahara would kill more of his palace households, finally commanded him to assassinate him.[3] The Pengiran Bendahara agreed and the Sultan was brought to the grassland. Eventually, the Sultan was garroted and died on 16 November 1661.[1] As a consequence, Pengiran Bendahara Hakkul Mubin succeeded him and declared himself as Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin.

Uncertainties

The earliest historical record of the Sultans of Brunei is not clearly known due to the poor early documentation of Brunei's history. Many elder members of the House of Bolkiah claim that their ancestors were the BaHassan and BaAlawi Saadah from Tarim and Hadhramawt in Yemen. In addition there has been an effort to Islamise the history, with the "official history" not matching up with verifiable foreign sources.[4] The Batu Tarsilah, the genealogical record of the kings of Brunei, was not started until 1807 CE.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Sejarah Sultan-Sultan Brunei" (PDF). Hmjubliemas.gov.bn. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 January 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "brunei5". www.royalark.net.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Sweeney, P.L. Amin, ed. (1968). Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume XLI, Part 2: Silsilah Raja-Raja Berunai. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. p. 57-58.
  4. ↑ "Brunei". 4dw.net. Retrieved 18 January 2015.


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