Abdul Hakkul Mubin

Abdul Hakkul Mubin / Abdul Mubin
13th Sultan of Brunei
Reign 1661 CE - 1673 CE
Predecessor Muhammad Ali
Successor Muhyiddin
Born Brunei
Died 1673
Pulau Chermin, Brunei[1]
Burial Pulau Chermin, Brunei[2]
Spouse Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Puteri Noralam
Bu Angsa
Father Pengiran Bendahara Pengiran Muhammad
Mother Raja Dungu
Religion Sunni Islam

Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin (also known as Abdul Mubin) was the thirteenth Sultan of Brunei. He was involved in the Brunei Civil War. He ruled from 1660 to 1673 after killing Sultan Muhammad Ali. He was later killed and succeeded by Sultan Muhyiddin.

Reign

Abdul Hakkul Mubin was once known as Pengiran (Prince) Abdul Mubin. However, in 1660 his son was killed by the son of the reigning Sultan Muhammad Ali, Pengiran Muda Bongsu. In revenge he killed Muhammad Ali and took the throne, taking the name Abdul Hakkul Mubin. He tried to appease the previous Sultan's followers by appointing Muhammad Ali's grandson or son-in-law, Muhyiddin, as the new Bendahara ("Chief Minister").[3] However Muhammad Ali's supporters convinced Muhyiddin to take revenge sparking the Brunei Civil War. Abdul Hakkul Mubin's rule, and the Brunei Civil War ended with his death and Muhyiddin's victory in 1673.

Brunei Civil War and Downfall

After Sultan Muhyiddin made an alliance with Sulu, the Allied forces began to surround Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin at Pulau Chermin. The Brunei forces who paid their allegiance to Sultau Muhyiddin were commanded to base at Bukit Chendana.[2] They were tasked to prepare cannons which were targeting the Pulau Chermin. While the Sulu forces were assigned to base at the Brunei sea near Pulau Kaingaran.[2] Thus, this led to the Brunei Civil War.

During the Brunei Civil War, feeling desperate, Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin used the royal regalia such as the sultanate's crown as round shot.[2] He inserted the regalia into the cannon and fired back to the Sulu forces who were assembling near the Pulau Kaingaran.[2]

Pengiran Karma, possibly a general and distant relative of Sultan Muhyiddin, and the Sulu forces led by Betara Sulu managed to dock at Pulau Chermin.[2] They met Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin in the Chermin's mosque where he had escaped to. Before he died, Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin begged both Allied leaders for mercy but his offer was rejected.[2] As a result, Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin was garroted or krissed (an act of stabbing by the use of kris) at the mosque in 1673.[1] According to Silsilah Raja-Raja Berunai, the Sultan was buried at Pulau Chermin.[2] As a consequence of his death, all of his possessions were inherited by Sultan Muhyiddin.[2] As promised, Sultan Muhyiddin awarded Kimanis and parts of eastern Sabah to Sulu.[2]

Uncertainties

The earliest historical record of the Sultans of Brunei is not clearly known due to the poor early documentation of Brunei's history. Many elder members of the House of Bolkiah claim that their ancestors were the BaHassan and BaAlawi Saadah from Tarim and Hadhramawt in Yemen. In addition there has been an effort to Islamise the history, with the "official history" not matching up with verifiable foreign sources.[4] The Batu Tarsilah, the genealogical record of the kings of Brunei, was not started until 1807 CE.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "royalarkbrunei". www.royalark.net.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sweeney, P.L. Amin, ed. (1968). Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume XLI, Part 2: Silsilah Raja-Raja Berunai. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. p. 64-65.
  3. ↑ "Civil war wrecks chaos in the country". The Brunei Times. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  4. ↑ "Brunei". 4dw.net. Retrieved 18 January 2015.


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