Molla Nasraddin (magazine)

Molla Nasraddin

Molla Nasraddin #22 (c. 1910)
Editor-in-chief	Jalil Mammadguluzadeh
Staff writers	Omar Faig Nemanzadeh Mirzəli Möcüz Şəbüstəri Mirza Alakbar Sabir Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev Ali Nazmi Əliqulu Qəmküsar Mammed Said Ordubadi Artistic contributors: Azim Azimzade Oscar Schmerling
Categories	Satire
Founder	Jalil Mammadguluzadeh
Year founded	1906
Final issue Number	1931 748
Based in	Tbilisi, Georgia (1906–1917) Tabriz, Iran (1921) Baku, Azerbaijan (1922–1931)
Language	Farsi

Molla Nasraddin (Azerbaijani: Molla Nəsrəddin) was an eight-page Azerbaijani satirical periodical published in Tiflis (from 1906-17), Tabriz (in 1921) and Baku (from 1922-31) in the Azerbaijani and occasionally Russian languages. The magazine was "read across the Muslim world from Morocco to Iran".^[1] It was edited by the writer Jalil Mammadguluzadeh (1866–1932), and named after Nasreddin, the legendary Sufi wise man-cum-fool of the Middle Ages.^[2] Columnists wrote articles that "boldly satirized politics, religion, colonialism, Westernization, and modernization, education (or lack thereof), and the oppression of women".^[1]

History

1910 cartoon from Molla Nasraddin

The periodical was founded by Jalil Mammadguluzadeh, a famous Azerbaijani writer, and published by Geyrat Publishing House owned by him. The name "Molla Nasraddin" was inspired by the 13th century Muslim cleric Nasreddin who was remembered for his funny stories and anecdotes. The main purpose of the magazine was to satirically depict various social phænomena, such as inequality, cultural assimilation, and corruption; and to ridicule backward lifestyles and values of the clergy and religious fanatics.^[3]

Bold and denunciative articles were the reason for numerous searches performed by the police and frequent bans of Molla Nasraddin (in 1912, 1914 and 1917).^[4] After a three-year break, Mammadguluzadeh moved to Tabriz, Iran, where within the next year he published eight more issues of the magazine.^[5]

The significance of Molla Nasraddin is in its development of the critical realist genre in Azerbaijani literature. It influenced similar processes in other literary traditions, primarily in Iran. Iranian cartoon art emerged as a result of publishing Molla Nasraddin in Tabriz in 1921.^[6]

Editorial

Molla Nasreddin primary purpose was to attack the hypocrisy of the Muslim clergy using an acerbic sense of humor and realist illustrations reminiscent of a Caucasian Honoré Daumier or Toulouse-Lautrec. It also decried the colonial policies of the US and European nations towards the rest of the world, the venal corruption of the local elite, and equal rights for women while arguing repeatedly for Westernization and educational reform. But publishing such stridently anti-clerical material in a Muslim country in the early 20th century was done at no small risk to the editorial team. Members were often harassed, their offices attacked, and on more than one occasion, Mammadguluzadeh had to escape from protesters incensed by the contents of the magazine.^[2]

An issue of Molla Nasraddin would often contain the following articles and columns:^[7]

Popularity

Managing to speak to the intelligentsia as well as the masses, the magazine was an instant success and was read across the Muslim world from Morocco to India. Roughly half of each eight-page issue featured illustrations making the magazine accessible to large numbers people who were illiterate. Its written articles were polyphonic, self-contradictory, and staunchly in favor of the creolization that resulted from multiple languages (it drew on three alphabets). Ideas, and identities (its editorial offices were itinerant between Tbilisi, Baku, and Tabriz). While it helped give rise to a new Azeri intellectual culture, Iran was arguably the country where it had its greatest impact: the magazine focused relentlessly on the inefficiency and corruption of the Qajar dynasty, and its essays and illustrations acted as a preamble of sorts to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1906–1910, which resulted in the establishment of the first parliament in all of Asia.^[2]

Demise

During Molla Nasreddin's two and a half decade run, the country at the heart of its polemics and caricatures – Azerbaijan – changed hands and names three or four times. By 1920, the Soviets had invaded Baku affecting the quality of the magazine's editorial and art direction because it was forced to toe the Bolshevik party line.^[2]

Only three issues came out in 1931 and shortly afterwards the magazine closed down. Nevertheless its legacy cannot be underestimated. Molla Nasreddin offered inspiration to similar pamphleteers from the Balkans to Iran and Serbia. The Azeri newspaper Irshad coined the term "Molla Nasreddinism" to describe the ability to tell things as they are.^[2]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Molla Nasraddin (magazine).

External links

• "Molla Nasreddin: The Magazine That Would've, Could've, Should've". By Slavs and Tatars
• "'It was bibliophilia at first sight'". Metropolis M. Slavs and Tatars. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
• Elements of Humor: Molla Nasreddin in Azerbaijan (1988)
• "How Muslim Azerbaijan had satire years before Charlie Hebdo". BBC World Service