Miss International Queen

Miss International Queen Pageant
Formation	2017
Type	Beauty Pageant
Headquarters	Pattaya City, Chon Buri
Location	Thailand;
Official language	English, Thai; Interpreters provided
President	Alisa Phanthusak
Key people	Seree Wongmontha
Website	missinternationalqueen.com

Miss International Queen® is the world's largest and beauty pageant for transgender women from different parts of the world. It is held annually in Pattaya City, Thailand since 2004.^[1]

The mission of the pageant aims towards LGBTQ and Transgender awareness and equality in both society and workforce, while all the monetary profits of the actual televised show goes to the Royal Charity AIDS Foundation of Thailand.

The current Miss International Queen is Nguyễn Hương Giang from Vietnam, who was crowned on 9 March 2018.

History

The Miss International Queen official website states that the beauty pageant was established with the intent to, "offer an international competition for transgender and transsexual from around the world, to provide an opportunity for transgender/transsexual to be more accepted in today's world, to create human rights awareness among international communities and to build friendship and exchange ideas among international lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender/transsexual communities."^[2]

Pageant requirements

The contestants must have been born male, can be pre- or post-operation and between the ages of 18 to 35. In addition, participants can only represent their country of birth or that listed in their passport and must not have previously joined any publication/website/adult film/prostitution showcasing nudity. Previous winners or runner-up contestants are not allowed to join again. Repeat non-placement candidates are allowed to re-submit their credentials and application.

Only about 25 semi-final contestants chosen would go on to compete in the final round and are required to participate in two weeks of activities: photo shoots, luncheons with city officials, dinner with the press, sponsor visits and community outreach, similar conditions to competitors in the female beauty pageant. The final show will be aired on Thai television as well as live online streaming.

Crown design and prize

In 2011, the crown for Miss International Queen Crown was re-designed by an inspiration of butterflies and the crown of Lady Liberty. The butterflies were intended to symbolize beauty found in nature and the idea of rebirth. The crown remains with the Miss International Queen Organization at an estimated value of US$10,000.^[3] The Miss International Queen winner receives 450,000 [[Thai baht}baht]] (US$12,500), sponsor gifts, an apartment at Woodland Resort during her reign and memories that last a lifetime.

Charity trademarks

Miss International Queen is a registered trademark and a non-profit sector of the organizer Tiffany's Show Pattaya Co., Ltd., world's largest transgender cabaret show since 1974 and sponsored by Tourism Authority of Thailand.

Transgender inclusion in pageants

According to recent studies, transgender and transsexual individuals are often the victims of social and political discrimination.^[4] The Miss International Queen pageant offers contestants the opportunity to compete and showcase their talent and beauty in a LGBT friendly environment.

Transgender pageant cases

Recent events have drawn attention to the treatment of transgender pageant contestants and how their personal identification impacts their eligibility. There have been instances where transgender and transsexual pageant winners have lost their title for not being "transgender enough".^[5] On the other hand, certain participants have also been disqualified from cisgender female pageants for not being a "natural born female". In 2012, Jenna Talackova who participated in Miss International Queen in 2010 was disqualified from Miss Universe Canada on the basis of competing as a woman when she was born a male. Supporters of Talackova argue that there were no rules explicitly banning transsexuals from competing.^[6] Talackova joined in the 2010 Miss International Queen competition. This instance sparked a debate as to how Talackova's gender identification affected her eligibility to compete in both competitions.^[7] Talackova argued that if she was transgender, she could participate in transgender pageants. At the same time, if she identified as a woman, she would have had the right to participate fairly in the Miss Universe Canada competition.^[8] Jenna Talackova's case is one that brings awareness to the public perception and personal opinions pertaining to transgenders competing in pageants.^[9]

A similar case occurred later in 2016 when the winner of the Miss Transgender UK, Jai Dara Latto, was stripped of her title after pageant organizers claimed she was not living "full time" as a woman. This was after footage was uncovered of Latto walking around in boxers rather than female undergarments. Latto was pegged as a "drag queen" rather than a transgender woman and proceeded to forfeit her pageant title and earnings. Latto pledged to walk thirty miles in high heels in honor of transgender rights after the allegations.^[5]

Both Talackova and Latto's cases raise the question as to who is eligible to win a cisgender pageant and also what qualifications or standards must be met in order for a transgender pageant winner to retain her title. Participants are eligible to compete and win the title of Miss International Queen if they were born male and their sexual or gender identification is that of a female. These recent events have sparked a debate involving the social inclusion and equality that is associated with an individual's sexual and gender identification.^[4]

Public perception of transgender beauty pageants

General attitudes towards pageants like Miss International Queen vary among members of the population. Studies have suggested that some people are in favor of transgender inclusion in beauty pageants, while others argue that it is only fair that they compete in pageants that are exclusively for transgender contestants.^[4] Although the premise of pageants has varying opinions as well, competitions like Miss International Queen offer the same opportunity to transgender women that individuals who were born female and identify as one have. Recent publications and studies claim that beauty pageants have negative impacts, while other sources suggest that pageants portray the intersectionality and dynamics of gender politics, sexual orientation, and cultural stigmas.^[10]

Kathoeys and inclusion

Thailand is well-known for its high rates of sex tourism, especially in Pattaya. Miss International Queen pageant and its organization is aiming to show the transgender women that there are alternative career choices. Kathoey typically refers to a transgender woman or a very feminine acting male. A kathoey is often called a ladyboy in the English language.^[11] Although Thailand is much more accepting of transgenders than most other countries, there is still a stigma that surrounds LQBTQ+ individuals. Cultural norms still suggest that someone's hobbies, mannerisms, and interests should match one's gender. So, even though kathoeys are accepted in society, a cisgender male working a typically female job is still looked down upon.^[12] But, in October 1997, Thailand released a constitution that called for equal rights and treatment for all people, regardless of race, sex, gender, and more. Therefore, Thai culture slowly started to accept all individuals.

Sex reassignment surgery

Trans culture is very prevalent in Thailand due to extensive medical research done and sex-change surgeries. The first documented sex change in Thailand was in 1975, and attitudes and surgical techniques have improved much since then. On 25 November 2009, the Thailand Medical Council released a policy that was titled "Criteria for the treatment of sex change, Census 2009". Since this policy change, ninety percent of those who received a sex change operation are foreigners to Thailand.^[13] With this much tourism based solely off of sex reassignment surgery, Thailand's transgender community has not only grown, but trans individuals in Thai society are accepted on a much larger scale and will continue to be so in the future if the trend continues.

Self-esteem

Transgender beauty pageants like Miss International Queen celebrate the contestants and promote awareness of the transgender community. Studies have shown that competing in prestigious beauty pageants are linked to higher levels of self-esteem.^[14] These higher levels of self-esteem can stem from a stronger sense of identity experienced after competing against other transgender women. However, finishing as winners or runners-up in the beauty pageants did not further increase levels of self-esteem and confidence.^[14] Instead, simply increasing the number of competitions were found to be much more effective in raising self-esteem.^[14] This information shows that the result of the beauty pageant is less important in terms of self-esteem than participation in the beauty pageant itself.

Fair competition in female pageants

Transgender-only beauty pageants provide a way for transgender women to fairly compete against one another. Inclusion of transgender women in all-female beauty pageants like Miss Universe is not only less common, but raise questions about fairness of competition. One viewpoint argues that though it is politically correct to include transgender women in beauty pageants, it does not promote the spirit of a fair competition.^[15] An analogy given for this theory is through the sex segregation of sports based on physical differences.^[15] As most female track and field sprinters cannot run faster than male track and field sprinters because of physiological differences, transgender women cannot always portray the feminine beauty norms that judges in popular beauty pageants critique contestants on. For example, some transgender women cannot achieve the certain <emp>look</emp> that comes from the wider hips that women tend to have.^[15] However, the theory acknowledges that it is difficult to determine which physical inequalities are actually relevant in judging feminine beauty and creating a fair competition.^[15] With transgender-only beauty pageants, these inequalities are gone and a platform for equal competition can be established.

Judgment in pageants

Miss International Queen is owned by Tiffany's Show of Pattaya City, Thailand.^[16] Its Thai contestants qualify for the competition by winning the title of Miss Tiffany's Universe. Miss Tiffany's Universe is also owned by Tiffany's Show.^[2] There has been controversy over the look and race of the winners of each year of Miss International Queen.^[4] Over its entirety, an African diaspora trans woman has never won the crown.^[9]

Beauty pageants and politics

Studies show that participating in beauty pageants can aid in achieving political office. In the United States, a significant 12 percent of all female governors competed in beauty pageants.^[17] Many of the same skills required to compete and do well in beauty pageants apply to politics as well. Some of these overlapping skills include public speaking, poise under pressure, and solicitation of funds.^[17] Pageant winners are often viewed as representatives of their hometown, state, or country. This experience in representing one's hometown in beauty pageants have been shown to translate over to prowess in political representation as well.^[17]

The number of transgender politicians and beauty pageants are relatively low when compared to their cisgender counterparts. However, beauty pageants can still serve as a way for transgenders to attain political office because the same dynamics of cisgender beauty pageants are present in transgender pageants. Transgender beauty pageants like Miss International Queen not only bring fame and name recognition to its winners, but provide a platform to bring awareness to transgender politics.^[18] Transgender beauty pageants represent a springboard to future opportunities for many transgender individuals.^[18]

Titleholders

YEAR	COUNTRY	WINNER	NATIONAL TITLE	VENUE	FINALIST
2018	Vietnam	Nguyen Huong Giang	Miss Vietnam Transgender	Pattaya City, Thailand	28
2017	Thailand	Jiratchaya Sirimongkolnawin	Miss Tiffany's Universe	Pattaya City, Thailand	25
2016	x No contest due to mourning of King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand x
2015	Philippines	Trixie Maristela ^[16]	Miss Gay Manila	Pattaya City, Thailand	26
2014	Venezuela	Isabella Santiago	Miss Gay Venezuela	Pattaya City, Thailand	20
2013	Brazil	Marcela Ohio ^[19]	Miss T Brasil	Pattaya City, Thailand	25
2012	Philippines	Kevin Balot ^[20]	Miss Philippines (Transgender)	Pattaya City, Thailand	25
2011	Thailand	Sirapassorn Atthayakorn	Miss Tiffany's Universe	Pattaya City, Thailand	20
2010	South Korea	Mini Han^[21]	Miss Korea Transgender	Pattaya City, Thailand	20
2009	Japan	Ai Haruna ^[22]	Miss International Queen Japan	Pattaya City, Thailand	30
2008	x No contest due to the political unrest in Thailand x
2007	Thailand	Tanyarat Jirapatpakon	Miss Tiffany's Universe	Pattaya City, Thailand	25
2006	Mexico	Erica Andrews^† ^[23]	Miss Trans Mexico	Pattaya City, Thailand	26
2005	United States	Mimi Marks	Miss USA Continental	Pattaya City, Thailand	25
2004	Thailand	Treechada Petcharat Marnyaporn	Miss Tiffany's Universe	Pattaya City, Thailand	26

Winners

YEAR	WINNER	1st RUNNER-UP	2nd RUNNER-UP
2018	Nguyen Huong Giang	Jacqueline Angliss Gillies	Rinrada Thurapan
2017	Jiratchaya Sirimongkolnawin	Nathalie Oliveira	Andrea Collazo
2016	No contest due to the death of King Bhumibol Adulyadej
2015	Trixie Maristela	Valesca Dominik Ferraz	Sopida Siriwattananukoon
2014	Isabella Santiago	Nitsa Katrahong	Piyada Inthavong
2013	Marcela Ohio	Shantell D'Marco	Nethnapada Kanrayanon^[19]
2012	Kevin Balot	Jessika Simoes	Panvilas Mongkol^[20]
2011	Sirapassorn Atthayakorn	Sahhara	Margaret
2010	Mini Han	Ami Takeuchi	Stasha Sanchez
2009	Ai Haruna	Kangsadal Wongdusadeekul	Daniela Marques^[22]
2008	No contest due to Political Turmoil
2007	Tanyarat Jirapatpakon	Aleika Barros	Chanel Madrigal
2006	Erica Andrews	Patricia Montecarlo	Ratravee Jiraprapakul
2005	Mimi Marks	Yu Ri	Tiptantree Rujiranon
2004	Treechada Petcharat	Arisha Rani	Ma. Cristina Dandan

By number of wins

Country/Territory	Titles	Winning Years
Thailand	4	2004, 2007, 2011, 2017
Philippines	2	2012, 2015
Vietnam	1	2018
Venezuela		2014
Brazil		2013
South Korea		2010
Japan		2009
Mexico		2006
United States		2005

List of contestants

Color key

Winner
Runner-up
Finalist or semifinalist

The number of contestants are increasing yearly.

2018	2017	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010
Argentina Sofia	Brazil Lavine Holanda	Mexico Miranda Lambardo	Philippines Kim Marie Villagalano	Myanmar Tanya Maung	Singapore Marla Vera	Brazil Yasmin Dream	Sweden Alexandra
Brazil Isabelle Coimbra	Myanmar Htar Htar	Belgium Andrea Van Brugghe	Brazil Rafaela Manfrini	Brazil Roberta Holanda	Russia Veronika	Nigeria Sahara	Japan Ami Takeuchi
China Ellie Cheng	Germany Naomi Yamaji	Philippines Michelle Binas	Vietnam Angelina May Nguyen	Australia Sharleng Gonzalez	Philippines Kevin Balot	Philippines Marianne Arguelles	Japan Shima Shyna
Colombia Mia	Malaysia Shazzyra Zahry	France Brittanie	South Korea Ribbon Park	Venezuela Chanel	USA ^[24] Ruby Bella Cruz ^[24]	Sri Lanka Chamila	Belgium Barbie Arcache Gauthier
Australia Jacqueline	Mongolia Amina	United States Adriana Mallea	Malaysia Cicie Sinclair	Philippines Godiva Marie Archachia	Venezuela Noa Herrera	Thailand Sirapassorn Atthayakorn	Philippines Bembem Radaza
France Livia	Vietnam Bella	Japan Riyo Mizuno	Brazil Raika Ferraz	Japan Seri Fujinomiya	Turkey Deniz	China Lucky	Sri Lanka Chamila
Honduras Amelia Vega	Colombia Amethyst Dela Espriella	Thailand Sopida Siriwattananukoon	Japan Annabel Yu	Spain Carolina Medina	Angola Imanni Da Silva	Italy Marry de Francy	Singapore Cheryl Isabelle
India Nitasha Biswas	Thailand Jiratchaya Sirimongkolnawin	Turkey Basak	Turkey Yanki Bayramoglu	Malaysia Nur Sajat Fariz	Thailand Panvilas Mongkol	France Herika Borges	Philippines Claire Harlow
Indonesia Dinda Syarif	Mexico Giselle Valero	Australia Sofiya Iya	Spain Cristini Couto	Thailand Nethnapada Kanrayanon	Philippines Miriam Jimenez	Venezuela Chanel	Philippines Chelsea Marie
Israel Elian	Japan Maika Kunisaki	Laos Inleusa	Thailand Nitsa Katrahong	Australia Victoria Martin	Nicaragua Berdien Lavyeska Diedrish Blandino	Russia Varvara Strange	France Estelle Roeder
Italy Marianna Melo	Italy Roberta Marten	Japan Satsuki	Chile Daniela Manyoma	Japan Annabel Yu	Brazil Jessika Simões	Colombia Yania	Canada Jenna Talackova
Japan Yuko	Indonesia Lily Bakrie	Italy Nicole Fontanell	Myanmar Myo Ko Ko San	Indonesia Angeline Hanum	Japan Tukishima Beni	Philippines Hazel Andrada	Nepal Meghana Lama
Laos Longsi Sinakhone	Myanmar Shaung Than Zin	Malaysia Catherina Chandran	Nicaragua Ithzelle Berdrinadxy	Philippines Andrea Justine Aliman	Spain Nikki Normanson Mascenon	India Malaika	Brazil Michelly X
Malaysia Suki Low	Nepal Aniee Lama	Philippines Trixie Maristela	Mongolia Solongo	South Africa Anastasia South	Guam Matrica Mae Centino	USA Silkie O' Hara Munro	South Korea Mini
Mexico Anahi Christobal Altuzar	Philippines Sabel Gonzales	Turkey Zuzi Narin	Russia Veronica Svetlova	Brazil Marcela Ohio	Indonesia Leha Angel Lelga	Japan Karin Fujikawa	Philippines Miranda Diana Kerr
Mongolia Solongo	India Bishesh Huirem	Mexico Brenda Contreras	Philippines Maria Venus Gomez	Venezuela Nohemi Montilla	Brazil Bianca hotpink	Venezuela Noa Herrera	Thailand Nalada Thamthanakorn
Myanmar Juana Paing	Brazil Nathalie De Oliveira	Myanmar Nan Htet Htet Moon	Venezuela Isabella Santiago	Malaysia Patricia Asyeera Wong	Japan Yuki Tachibana	Lebanon Margaret	Philippines Nixie Salonga
Nepal Swastika Lama	Philippines Stacy Biano	Laos Ninlamon Phimpha	Laos Piyada Inthavong	South Korea Arisa South	Philippines Michelle Montecarlo	Germany Alessandra Vargas	USA Stasha Sanchez
Nicaragua Barbie D’Ebano	Venezuela Andrea Collazo	Brazil Valesca Dominik Ferraz	Brazil Mariah Fernanda	United States Shantell D'Marco	Mexico Morgana	Philippines Michelle Binas	USA Sunny Dee Lite
Peru Ghina Chacon	Malaysia Star	Australia Taliah	United States Samira Sitara	Japan Akiho Nakagawa	Romania Tanja	France Estelle Roedrer	Ecuador Susi Villa
Philippines Carla Marie Madrigal	Peru Kayra	Philippines Francine Garcia	Japan Lilia Kisaragi	Brazil Veronica Haddad	Philippines Stefania Cruz	Cuba Yuni Carey
Sri Lanka Noel Tokuhisa	Japan Yuma Suzuki	Japan Sora Sakuragi	Cuba Yuni Carey	Philippines Kristina Cassandra Ybarra	USA ^[25] Sunny Dee Lite ^[25]	Chile Vanessa
Thailand Rinrada Thurapan	United States Camille Anderson	Malaysia Nur Hendra Ikram		India Angela	French Polynesia Feleu Myroina
Turkey Nez Sayginer	Laos Savannakhet	Singapore Priyanka Raichanel		Germany Renata Ferreira	USA ^[26] Mokha Montrese ^[26]
United Kingdom Francesca	Egypt Laura Lawrence	Mauritius Anthea Diane		Singapore Anne Patricia Lee	Indonesia Dewi Fortuna
United States Kataluna Enriquez	Cambodia Reelawadee	Peru Dayana Valenzuela
Vietnam Nguyen Huong Giang	Spain Mishella
Venezuela Michel Epalza Betancourt	Mexico Italia Navarrete

References

↑ "Brazilian Transgender Crowned as Miss International Queen 2013". International Business Times. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
1 2 "Pictures of Transgenders,Transvestites at Miss International Queen Contest ...: Discovery Service for Loyola Marymount Univ". eds.a.ebscohost.com. Retrieved 2017-11-01.
↑ "Brazilian Transgender Crowned as Miss International Queen 2013 (See Video): Discovery Service for Loyola Marymount Univ". eds.a.ebscohost.com. Retrieved 2017-11-01.
1 2 3 4 "Transgender Inclusion in Single-Sex Competition: The Case of Beauty Pageant...: .Discovery Service for Loyola Marymount Univ". eds.b.ebscohost.com. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
1 2 "Journals at the LMU William H. Hannon Library". sq4ya5rf2q.search.serialssolutions.com. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
↑ Tamilin, Emily R.; Quinlan, Margaret M.; Bates, Benjamin R. (2017-09-01). "Accessing Womanhood: Jenna Talackova and the Marking of a Beauty Queen". Sexuality & Culture. 21 (3): 703–718. doi:10.1007/s12119-017-9416-z. ISSN 1095-5143. (Subscription required (help)).
↑ "Journals at the LMU William H. Hannon Library". sq4ya5rf2q.search.serialssolutions.com. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
↑ Smith, Gwendolyn (April 5, 2015). "Transmissions: Universal Discrimination". Between the Lines.
1 2 Bialystok, Lauren (July 2016). "'Transgender Inclusion in Single-Sex Competition: The Case of Beauty Pageants". Social Theory & Practice. 42: 605–635 – via Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies.
↑ "Beauty queens behaving badly: gender, global competition, and the making of...: .Discovery Service for Loyola Marymount Univ". eds.a.ebscohost.com. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
↑ Ojanen, Timo T. "Sexual/Gender Minorities in Thailand: Identities, Challenges, and Voluntary-Sector Counseling." Sexuality Research & Social Policy: Journal of NSRC, vol. 6, no. 2, May 2009, p. 4. EBSCOhost, electra.lmu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=48545618&site=eds-live&scope=site.
↑ Jackson, Peter A. and Gerard Sullivan. "A Panoply of Roles". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, vol. 9, no. 2/3, 9 April 1999, p. 1. EBSCOhost, electra.lmu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=75615584&site=eds-live&scope=site.
↑ Prayuth, Chokrungvaranont, et al. "The Development of Sex Reassignment Surgery in Thailand: A Social Perspective." The Scientific World Journal, Vol 2014 (2014), 2014. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1155/2014/182981. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/182981/
1 2 3 Thompson, S. H and K Hammond. "Beauty Is as Beauty Does: Body Image and Self-Esteem of Pageant Contestants." Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, no. 3, 2013, p. 231. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1007/BF03325019.
1 2 3 4 Bialystok, Lauren. "Transgender Inclusion in Single-Sex Competition: The Case of Beauty Pageants." Social Theory & Practice, vol. 42, no. 3, July 2016, p. 605. EBSCOhost, electra.lmu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=116202777&site=eds-live&scope=site.
1 2 "Miss International Queen 2015". mb. November 8, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2015.
1 2 3 Hinojosa, Magda and Jill Carle. "From Miss World to World Leader: Beauty Queens, Paths to Power, and Political Representations." Journal of Women, Politics & Policy, vol. 37, no. 1, January-March 2016, p. 24. EBSCOhost, electra.lmu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=113082066&site=eds-live&scope=site.
1 2 "Meet The Winner Of The World's Largest Transgender Beauty Pageant". Huffington Post. Reuters. 2017-03-10. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
1 2 "Miss International Queen 2013: Miss Brazil Marcelo Ohio Wins Transvestite Beauty Pageant". International Business Times. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
1 2 "Miss International Queen 2012 Transsexual and Transgender Crown Goes to Philippines [PHOTOS]". International Business Times. 3 November 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
↑ "Korean wins transvestite pageant in Thailand". The China Post. 21 November 2010. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
1 2 "Gallery: The glitz and glamour of Miss International Queen 2009". CNN Travel. 3 November 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2015. (Need to scroll through images to find information in the images' caption)
↑ "Mexican transsexual crowned beauty queen". China Daily. 30 October 2006. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
1 2 "Beauty pageant". Baltimore Sun. Reuters. November 2, 2012. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
1 2 "Pictures of Transgenders, Transvestites at Miss International Queen Contest". International Business Times. 7 November 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
1 2 "Miss International Queen crown returns to Thailand in pageant devoted to flood relief". Pattaya Mail. 24 November 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2016.

External links

Official website

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[IBTimesAU2013-1] "Brazilian Transgender Crowned as Miss International Queen 2013". International Business Times. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2015.

[:4-2] 1 2 "Pictures of Transgenders,Transvestites at Miss International Queen Contest ...: Discovery Service for Loyola Marymount Univ". eds.a.ebscohost.com. Retrieved 2017-11-01.

[3] "Brazilian Transgender Crowned as Miss International Queen 2013 (See Video): Discovery Service for Loyola Marymount Univ". eds.a.ebscohost.com. Retrieved 2017-11-01.

[:7-4] 1 2 3 4 "Transgender Inclusion in Single-Sex Competition: The Case of Beauty Pageant...: .Discovery Service for Loyola Marymount Univ". eds.b.ebscohost.com. Retrieved 2017-11-15.

[sq4ya5rf2q.search.serialssolutions.com-5] 1 2 "Journals at the LMU William H. Hannon Library". sq4ya5rf2q.search.serialssolutions.com. Retrieved 2017-11-15.

[6] Tamilin, Emily R.; Quinlan, Margaret M.; Bates, Benjamin R. (2017-09-01). "Accessing Womanhood: Jenna Talackova and the Marking of a Beauty Queen". Sexuality & Culture. 21 (3): 703–718. doi:10.1007/s12119-017-9416-z. ISSN 1095-5143. (Subscription required (help)).

[7] "Journals at the LMU William H. Hannon Library". sq4ya5rf2q.search.serialssolutions.com. Retrieved 2017-11-15.

[8] Smith, Gwendolyn (April 5, 2015). "Transmissions: Universal Discrimination". Between the Lines.

[:6-9] 1 2 Bialystok, Lauren (July 2016). "'Transgender Inclusion in Single-Sex Competition: The Case of Beauty Pageants". Social Theory & Practice. 42: 605–635 – via Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies.

[10] "Beauty queens behaving badly: gender, global competition, and the making of...: .Discovery Service for Loyola Marymount Univ". eds.a.ebscohost.com. Retrieved 2017-11-15.

[11] Ojanen, Timo T. "Sexual/Gender Minorities in Thailand: Identities, Challenges, and Voluntary-Sector Counseling." Sexuality Research & Social Policy: Journal of NSRC, vol. 6, no. 2, May 2009, p. 4. EBSCOhost, electra.lmu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=48545618&site=eds-live&scope=site.

[12] Jackson, Peter A. and Gerard Sullivan. "A Panoply of Roles". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, vol. 9, no. 2/3, 9 April 1999, p. 1. EBSCOhost, electra.lmu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=75615584&site=eds-live&scope=site.

[13] Prayuth, Chokrungvaranont, et al. "The Development of Sex Reassignment Surgery in Thailand: A Social Perspective." The Scientific World Journal, Vol 2014 (2014), 2014. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1155/2014/182981. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2014/182981/

[:0-14] 1 2 3 Thompson, S. H and K Hammond. "Beauty Is as Beauty Does: Body Image and Self-Esteem of Pageant Contestants." Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, no. 3, 2013, p. 231. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1007/BF03325019.

[:2-15] 1 2 3 4 Bialystok, Lauren. "Transgender Inclusion in Single-Sex Competition: The Case of Beauty Pageants." Social Theory & Practice, vol. 42, no. 3, July 2016, p. 605. EBSCOhost, electra.lmu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=116202777&site=eds-live&scope=site.

[:8-16] 1 2 "Miss International Queen 2015". mb. November 8, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2015.

[:1-17] 1 2 3 Hinojosa, Magda and Jill Carle. "From Miss World to World Leader: Beauty Queens, Paths to Power, and Political Representations." Journal of Women, Politics & Policy, vol. 37, no. 1, January-March 2016, p. 24. EBSCOhost, electra.lmu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edb&AN=113082066&site=eds-live&scope=site.

[:3-18] 1 2 "Meet The Winner Of The World's Largest Transgender Beauty Pageant". Huffington Post. Reuters. 2017-03-10. Retrieved 2017-11-15.

[IBTimes2013-19] 1 2 "Miss International Queen 2013: Miss Brazil Marcelo Ohio Wins Transvestite Beauty Pageant". International Business Times. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2015.

[IBTimes2012-20] 1 2 "Miss International Queen 2012 Transsexual and Transgender Crown Goes to Philippines [PHOTOS]". International Business Times. 3 November 2012. Retrieved 31 October 2015.

[21] "Korean wins transvestite pageant in Thailand". The China Post. 21 November 2010. Retrieved 31 October 2015.

[CNNTravel2009-22] 1 2 "Gallery: The glitz and glamour of Miss International Queen 2009". CNN Travel. 3 November 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2015. (Need to scroll through images to find information in the images' caption)

[ChinaDaily2006-23] "Mexican transsexual crowned beauty queen". China Daily. 30 October 2006. Retrieved 31 October 2015.

[Reuters_2012-24] 1 2 "Beauty pageant". Baltimore Sun. Reuters. November 2, 2012. Retrieved June 21, 2016.

[International_Business_Times,_India_Edition_2012-25] 1 2 "Pictures of Transgenders, Transvestites at Miss International Queen Contest". International Business Times. 7 November 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2016.

[Pattaya_Mail_2011-26] 1 2 "Miss International Queen crown returns to Thailand in pageant devoted to flood relief". Pattaya Mail. 24 November 2011. Retrieved 21 June 2016.