Mirza Muhammad Khan II

Mirza Muhammad Khan II
Khan of Baku
Reign 1784 – 1791
Coronation 1784
Predecessor Malik Muhammad Khan
Successor Muhammadquli Khan
Regent Khadija Bika
Born 1770
Baku
Died 1836
Quba
Burial Quba
Spouse Khanbika khanum
House Bakikhanovs
Father Malik Muhammad Khan
Mother Khadija Bika
Religion Shiite

Mirza Muhammad Khan II (Azerbaijani: Mirzə Məhəmməd xan Sani) — was a Khan of Baku.

Life

Mirza Muhammad Khan II was born in 1770, to Malik Muhammad Khan and Khadija Bika, sister of Fatali Khan of Quba. He ascended to the throne of Baku when his father went for pilgrimage, therefore regency was assumed by his mother. His reign saw the Khanate's complete incorporation to Quba, to the point that Fatali Khan sent an invitation for Russian garrison to be stated in Baku in 1785 in place of Mirza Muhammad. [1]However, soon Fatali Khan died on 22 March 1789 in Baku, before realizing his further military campaigns.

Dethronement

Relations strained between Ahmed Khan of Quba and Mirza Muhammad after 1791. Since death of Fatali khan, Muhammadquli agha - uncle of Mirza Muhammad - was trying to usurp Baku khanate using inexperience of both Ahmed khan and Mirza Muhammad. He assured ambitious Ahmed khan of his loyalty if he was rewarded the khanate. Ahmed khan sent an army contingent to Baku to set up Muhammadquli agha on the throne. Since Baku army only consisted of 500 men or so he abdicated in favor of his uncle that year.[2]

Later life

After abdication, Mirza Muhammad Khan II fled to Quba, family of his wife and mother. New Khan Muhammadquli on the other hand, betrayed treaties and claimed independence. In response, Ahmed khan mobilized troops and marched on Baku to restore Mirza Muhammad. However he was defeated by Muhammadquli and city folk.[3]Ahmed khan died on March, 1791 and was succeeded by 13 year old brother - Shaykhali Khan. Mirza Muhammad again was given army to march on Baku. Shaykali further asked Count Ivan Gudovich to besiege Baku. Muhammadquli quickly and sent his letter of submission to Russia, asking for help. Confused Gudovich ordered counter-admiral Pyotr Shishkin to resolve the problem and act in Russia's interests.[3] However order was delayed because of unknown reasons and Baku was bombarded. Muhammadquli khan made peace with Shaykhali and soon fell ill and died.[4]

Struggle for throne

He was appointed as khan again in 1792 by Shaykhali Khan. However, city nobles headed by Qasim beg Selimkhanov declared Mirza Muhammad's cousin Huseyngulu khan as their new khan. Defeated Mirza Muhammad fled to Quba for third time. Reinforced Mirza Muhammad besieged Baku and forced Huseyngulu to divide khanate's revenues, himself stationing in oil-rich Balakhana area. Huseyngulu made a night attack on Balakhani with reinforcements from Shirvan in 1795 and forced Mirza Muhammad to take refuge in Quba yet again.

Unyielding Mirza Muhammad took forces from Shaykhali and positioned on Absheron, blocking all trade and supply routes. Furious Huseyngulu sent Manaf beg Selimkhanov to reach Gudovich and ask for help. He suddenly ambushed Mirza Muhammad and captured him with his family. His younger brother Husein agha was the only one to escape battle, go to Quba and tell the story. Soon through Mostafa khan's help, cousins made peace and Mirza Muhammad went back to Quba, while retaining his income from Baku oil fields.

Huseyngulu khan was detained by Agha Mohammad shah in Karabakh in 1797. Hearing developments, Mirza Muhammad rushed to seize Baku. However, Agha Mohammad's assassination and Huseyngulu khan's fast arrival ruined his plans. After new treaty, he positioned himself in Mashtaga, acting as a vice-khan.[5]

In 1803, he was attacked by Huseyngulu again in Mashtaga, this time with Mostafa khan's help. He fled to Quba and started to look for a way to gather troops.[6]He joined army of Russian general Sergei Bulgakov on July, 1806. Together they captured Baku on 6 October 1806.

Governorship of Quba

He was awarded by provisional governorship of Quba in 1809. He died in 1836, Quba.[7]

Family

He was married to Khanbika khanum (m. 1800, d. 1806) - daughter of Fatali khan and Sofia - a Georgian woman, daughter of a certain Behram beg and Kheyr-un Nisa khanum - daughter of Rza Effendi of Khinalug.[7] Issues:

With Sofia (m. 1791, d. 1836) :

With Kheyr-un Nisa khanum[8] (m. 1807, d. 1861):

  • Javad Bakikhanov (1808-1866)
  • Qadir Bakikhanov (b. 1817)
  • Mustafagulu Bakikhanov (b. 1822)
  • Abdulla Bakikhanov (1824-1879)[9]

References

  1. ↑ Iskenderova M.S. The Baku Khanate, Baku: Çaşıoğlu, 1999, p.80-91 (in Russian)
  2. ↑ Bakikhanov, p. 200
  3. 1 2 Ashurbeyli, Sara. Bakı şähärinin tarixi : orta äsrlar dövrü. Bakı. p. 279. ISBN 9789952421675. OCLC 900613609.
  4. ↑ Bakikhanov, p. 201
  5. ↑ Bakikhanov, Abbasqulu (2010). Gülüstani-İräm. Bähmänli, V. Bakı: Xatun Plyus. p. 211. ISBN 978-9952210453. OCLC 837882352.
  6. ↑ Bakikhanov, p.216
  7. 1 2 Acts collected by the Caucasian Archaeological Commission: [In 12 vols.] / Archive of Chief Executive viceroy of the Caucasus; Under the Society. Ed. A. D. Berger. - Tbilisi: Typ. Ch. Ex. Viceroy Cau., 1866-1904. T. 6: Part 2: [1816-1827] / Ed. A. D. Berger. - 1875. - 941 p. — pp. 907-908
  8. ↑ Shamistan Nazirli, Azerbaijani generals. Baku; Gənclik, 1991 pp.28
  9. ↑ A., BERZHE, (2014). AKTY, SOBRANNYE KAVKAZSKOJ ARHEOGRAFICHESKOJ KOMISSIEJ TOM 5 CHAST 1. [S.l.]: BOOK ON DEMAND LTD. p. 1119. ISBN 978-5458678100. OCLC 972599590.
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