Mary Lynde Craig

Mary Lynde Craig
Born Mary Delano Catherine Lynde
(1834-03-24)March 24, 1834
Vermont, U.S.
Died June 20, 1921(1921-06-20) (aged 87)
San Francisco, California
Occupation writer, teacher, attorney, activist for women's property rights
Language English
Partner
Samuel Foster (m. 1862)
; T. W. Hoffman (m. ?);
Scipio Craig (m. 1892)

Mary Lynde Craig (previously Mary Lynde Foster, and Mary Lynde Hoffman; March 24, 1834 – June 20, 1921) was an American writer, teacher, and attorney. She owned property in San Francisco, and was an activist for women's property rights.[1] Craig served as Associate Editor of the Redlands, California The Citrograph. In 1893, she was one of four women practicing law in California. In 1891, she gave the "Address of Weicome" at the organization of Sequoia Chapter, San Francisco. While attending the National Editorial Association at Chicago with her husband, in May 1893, she also had opportunity to speak to other large audiences—once at the Auditorium, once at the Art Palace, and once at the Woman's Building.[2][3] She served as president of the Pacific Coast Women's Press Association and historian of the Hastings Law column.

Early years

Mary Delano Catherine Lynde was born in Vermont on March 24, 1834.[4][5] Her parent were Aaron Phipps Lynde and Nancy Melinda (Walker) Lynde.[6] She was of American Revolutionary War ancestry, descended from Lieut. Benjamin Lynde, of the Continental Army.[7]

Career

Lynde moved to California in 1859 to take up a teaching post at the Lincoln Primary School on Fifth and Market Streets.[8][9] By the following year, she was working as the principal and teacher at Denman School.[10] On February 1, 1862, she married Samuel Foster[11] with whom she had her only child, Samuel Lynde Foster (1863–1951).[12] After Foster's death, in 1866, she moved briefly back to Springfield where she taught in the newly created consolidated secondary school,[13] before returning to San Francisco to teach at Lincoln Grammar School and then later at San Francisco Girls' High School.[8] When Foster's father died in 1872, her mother moved to San Francisco, where she taught in the Chinese Mission and lived with Foster.[14] Sometime later, she married Henry Fitz Warren Hoffman,[15] a prominent businessman and benefactor of the city.[16]

Henry died in December 1890[16] and in September, 1891 Hoffman entered University of California, Hastings College of the Law.[7] The reason she gave for entering law school at the age of 60 was to enable her to better support herself.[8] On December 10, 1891, she gave the "Address of Welcome" at the organization of Sequoia Chapter, San Francisco, thereafter serving as historian of the Chapter. About this time, she gave an address upon "Country Roads and City Streets," before the Pacific Coast Women's Press Association, of which she was treasurer. This address was published by the Press Association as a monograph, and having been translated into Norwegian, was widely read in the US and in Europe. Scipio Craig, president of the Editorial Association of Southern California, published the address, intact, in his paper, The Citrograph, and sent greeting to its author. On November 12, 1892, at Vallejo, California, they married.[7][6] She wrote for magazines and newspapers from New York to San Francisco.[7] At the time, she was the president of the Pacific Coast Women's Press association, historian of the Hastings Law column, and "a writer of note".[17] In 1893, she was admitted to the California Bar, as only the second woman in California to practice law.[18] She then returned to college to take the degree of LL.B.[7] Having taught for many years at the San Francisco Girls' High School, Craig retired in 1894.[19][8]

After her third marriage, Craig became the Associate Editor of The Citrograph.[20] While in Chicago, in 1893, Craig spoke to large audiences, including at the Auditorium, at the Art Palace, and at the Woman's Building.[7][21] Craig kept a home in San Francisco and Redlands, California. While a widow, she superintended the studies of her son who received a degree from Harvard College.[3]

Death and legacy

Craig died on 20 June 1921 at her home in San Francisco.[8] The tens of thousands of dollars that writing and teaching had brought her, was spent on others.[3] Hoffman Avenue in San Francisco was named for Craig.[19]

Selected works

  • 1894, Is legislation needed for women? : an address ... read before the Woman's parliament of Southern California, Los Angeles, October 11, 1893.
  • 1901, Country roads and city streets : an address before the Pacific coast women's press association, July 18, 1901

References

  1. ↑ Simpson 2004, p. 27.
  2. ↑ Simpson 2004, p. 188.
  3. 1 2 3 Collector Publishing Company 1893, p. 239-40.
  4. ↑ "California, San Francisco Area Funeral Home Records, 1835–1979: Mary L Craig". FamilySearch. San Francisco, California: San Francisco Public Library, San Francisco History and Archive Center. 20 June 1921. Retrieved 17 July 2017. From funeral home record book Vol. 10, H. F. Suhr & Co., San Francisco, San Francisco, California, p. 8301-8583
  5. ↑ "1850 US Census: Springfield, Windsor County, Vermont". FamilySearch. Washington, D. C.: National Archives and Records Administration. 20 August 1950. p. 460. NARA Series M432, Roll 931. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  6. 1 2 Daughters of the American Revolution 1908, p. 296.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Collector Publishing Company 1893, p. 239.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "Mrs. Mary Craig". San Francisco, California: The San Francisco Chronicle. 23 June 1921. p. 4. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  9. ↑ "1860 US Census: 10th District, San Francisco, California". FamilySearch. Washington, D. C.: National Archives and Records Administration. 13 June 1860. p. 50. NARA Series M653, Roll 67. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  10. ↑ Langley, Henry G. (July 1860). The San Francisco Directory. San Francisco, California: Valentine & Company. p. 204.
  11. ↑ "Marriages". cdnc.ucr.edu. California Digital Newspaper Collection. Sacramento Daily Union. 1 January 1863. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  12. ↑ "California Death Index, 1940–1997: Samuel Lynde Foster". FamilySearch. Sacramento, California: California Department of Public Health Services. 17 June 1951. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  13. ↑ Hubbard, Charles Horace; Dartt, Justus (1895). History of the Town of Springfield, Vermont: with a Genealogical Record. Boston, Massachusetts: G.H. Walker & Co. p. 114. OCLC 246387498.
  14. ↑ Harvey, Margaret B. (1912). "697. Mrs. Nancy Malinda Lynde". Real daughters of the American revolution. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Guarantee Printing Company. pp. 25–26. OCLC 5722949.
  15. ↑ "Change in Name of Avenue Protested". San Francisco, California: The San Francisco Chronicle. 30 August 1918. p. 9. Retrieved 17 July 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. 1 2 "Henry F. W. Hoffman". San Francisco, California: The San Francisco Call. 29 December 1890. p. 8. Retrieved 17 July 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ↑ "Marriage". San Bernardino, California: The Weekly Courier. 19 November 1892. p. 3. Retrieved 18 June 2017 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ↑ Brown, Clara Spaulding (10 February 1894). "California's Second Lady Lawyer". Honolulu, Hawaii: Honolulu Star-Advertiser. p. 6. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  19. 1 2 San Francisco municipal record 1916, p. 95.
  20. ↑ Tyler, Betty (15 July 2007). "The fiery comet who brought Redlands its first newspaper". Redlands Daily Facts. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  21. ↑ "Its Congress to Open Up This Morning". cdnc.ucr.edu. California Digital Newspaper Collection. San Francisco Call. 13 February 1894. Retrieved 18 June 2017.

Attribution

  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Collector Publishing Company (1893). "The Law Student's Helper". 1 (9) (Public domain ed.). Detroit, Michigan: Collector Publishing Company.
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Daughters of the American Revolution (1908). Lineage Book – National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. 1 (Public domain ed.). Daughters of the American Revolution.
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: San Francisco municipal record (1916). San Francisco municipal record (Public domain ed.).

Bibliography

  • Simpson, Lee M. A. (2004). Selling the City: Gender, Class, and the California Growth Machine, 1880–1940. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-4875-9.
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