Margaret I, Countess of Burgundy

Margaret I
Countess Palatine of Burgundy
Countess of Artois
Reign 1361–1382
Predecessor Philip of Rouvres
Successor Louis of Male
Born 1310
Died 9 May 1382
Spouse Louis I, Count of Flanders
Issue Louis II, Count of Flanders
House Capet
Father Philip V of France
Mother Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
French Monarchy
Direct Capetians
Hugh Capet
Robert II
Henry I
Philip I
Louis VI
Louis VII
Philip II
Louis VIII
Louis IX
Philip III
Philip IV
Louis X
John I
Philip V
Charles IV

Margaret I (1310 – 9 May 1382), was a ruling Countess Palatine of Burgundy and Artois from 1361 and 1382. She was also countess of Flanders, Nevers and Rethel by marriage to Louis I, Count of Flanders, and regent of Flanders during the minority of her son Louis II, Count of Flanders in 1346.

Life

Margaret was born in 1310, the second daughter of Countess Joan II of Burgundy and the future King Philip V of France.[1] Her father ascended the throne in 1316, following the death of her infant first cousin King John I.

Countess consort of Flanders

Margaret married Louis I, Count of Flanders.[1] Her husband was dependent on her father in suppressing the rebellion of Nicolaas Zannekin. King Philip died in 1322, and the crown was inherited by her uncle, King Charles IV.

Margaret's mother, Joan II, succeeded her own mother, Mahaut, as Countess of Artois in 1329. Margaret's elder sister Joan, inherited the counties of Artois and Burgundy when their mother died in 1330.

Regency of Flanders

Her husband was killed in the Battle of Crécy on 26 August 1346. He and Margaret had one son, Louis II, Count of Flanders, who succeeded his father and for whom she acted as a regent in the beginning of his reign. In 1355, her son Louis claimed the Duchy of Brabant in right of his wife, but Duchess Joanna managed to keep her possessions.

Countess of Burgundy

In 1357, Margaret's granddaughter, Margaret , then seven years old, was married to Philip I, Duke of Burgundy, grandson and heir of Margaret's sister. They were childless and, upon his death in 1361, Margaret inherited Artois and Burgundy.

In 1369, the younger Margaret married Philip the Bold, youngest son of King John. According to Guizot, whilst Margaret I favoured the marriage of her granddaughter to Philip the Bold, the girl's father, Louis of Flanders, and the Flemish communes, preferring England to France, were unwilling to arrange the marriage. Reputedly, Margaret, vexed at the ill will of the count her son, had one day said to him, as she tore open her dress before his eyes, "Since you will not yield to your mother's wishes, I will cut off these breasts which gave suck to you, to you and to no other, and will throw them to the dogs to devour." Louis, persuaded, agreed to the marriage.

The unrest in coastal Low Countries escalated to open rebellions in Margaret's last years. A revolt in Ghent was put down by joint operation of Margaret's son and grandson-in-law. However, after the Battle of Beverhoutsveld, Louis II was expelled from Flanders by the Flemings under Philip van Artevelde. A French army (and Philip the Bold) came to help them regain Flanders, and the revolting Flemings were decisively defeated at the Battle of Roosebeke, the year in which Margaret died. However, the citizens of Ghent continued to resist with English aid, and it was left to her granddaughter and grandson-in-law to subdue the town.

Death

Countess Margaret died in 1382. Her counties were inherited by her only son Louis, Count of Flanders, who died two years later. In 1384, all her possessions, together with Flanders and the rest of Louis' inheritance, went to her only surviving grandchild, Margaret III and II.

Ancestors

References

  1. 1 2 Henneman 1971, p. xvii.
  2. 1 2 Anselme 1726, pp. 83–85.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Anselme 1726, pp. 87–88.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Anselme 1726, pp. 89–90.
  5. 1 2 Bulletin de la Société de l'histoire de France (in French). J. Renouard. 1855. p. 98.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Anselme 1726, pp. 381–382.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "L'abbesse de Baume Beatrix de Bourgogne († v. 1313) ou la dynamique de l'affranchissement" (PDF). Franche Bourgogne. pp. 4–5.
  8. 1 2 Allemand-Gay, Marie-Thérèse (1988). Le pouvoir des comtes de Bourgogne au XIIIe siècle [The Power of the Counts of Burgundy in the 13th Century] (in French). Presses Univ. Franche-Comté. p. 16. ISBN 9782251603681. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  9. 1 2 Anselme 1726, p. 94.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Anselme 1726, pp. 382–383.

Sources

  • Anselme de Sainte-Marie, Père (1726). Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France [Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France] (in French). 1 (3rd ed.). Paris: La compagnie des libraires.
  • Henneman, John Bell (1971). Royal Taxation in Fourteenth-Century France: The Development of War Financing, 1322-1359. Princeton University Press.
Margaret I, Countess of Burgundy
Born: 1310 Died: 9 May 1382
Preceded by
Philip of Rouvres		 Palatine Countess of Burgundy
Countess of Artois
1361–1382		 Succeeded by
Louis of Male
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