M. H. Krishna

M. H. Krishna
M. H. Krishna (Mysore Hatti Krishna Iyengar)
Born (1892-08-19)19 August 1892
Mysore
Died 23 December 1947(1947-12-23) (aged 55)
Mysore
Nationality Indian
Known for Epigraphia Carnatica, Halmidi Inscription, Isila city discovery, Discovery of Shivaji's father's tomb
Spouse(s) Rajamma, Jayamma
Academic background
Alma mater Maharaja College, Mysore
Academic advisors Radha Kumud Mukherjee, Brajendranath Seal, Flinders Petrie, Ernest Arthur Gardner
Academic work
Discipline History, Archaeology, Indology, Numismatics, Epigraphy
Institutions University of Mysore
Notable students S. Srikanta Sastri, G. Venkatasubbiah, M. Chidananda Murthy, Chaduranga, Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar
Website M. H. Krishna

Mysore Hatti Krishna Iyengar (M. H. Krishna: 19 August 1892 - 23 December 1947)[1] was an Indian historian, archaeologist,[2] epigraphist and authority in Indian numismatics. He pioneered the new field of Indology involving the study of Indian culture, history, music and traditions from a historical perspective. He is credited with the discovery of one of the oldest Kannada inscriptions, the Halmidi inscription, dating back to 350 A. D.[3] He also discovered the remains of the city of Isila near Brahmagiri during his excavations at Chandravalli, Chitradurga. The forgotten tomb of Shahaji (Shivaji's father) was traced by M. H. Krishna during his years at the Mysore Archaeological Department. His years at the Archaeology Department saw him churn out many of excavation reports (close to 2000 inscriptions discovered) and these were later published in successive volumes of Epigraphia Carnatica.[4] During Krishna's tenure at Bangalore, he was instrumental in cataloguing close to 6000 coins in the archives of the archaeology department there. He was trained at the University College, London under Ernest Arthur Gardner. and would later accompany Sir Flinders Petrie in his excavations in Egypt.[5]

Early years

Krishna was born in Mysore to parents Ranga Iyengar and Lakshmamma. Ranga Iyengar was a Sanskrit scholar and a teacher to Nalwadi Krishna Raja Wodeyar during the Maharaja's childhood. He was also Chief Treasurer of the Mysore Palace. They were natives of a region in Karnataka by name Kalale (Kannada: ಕಳಲೆ).

Sir Flinders Petrie

Krishna had his schooling at Jayacharya Patashala and Wesleyan Mission High School, Mysore. Here, he was a contemporary of Masti Venkatesha Iyengar. He finished his B. A. in 1911 from Maharaja College, Mysore. By 1917, Krishna secured a M. A. qualification from Madras University. For the next two years, he worked as Lecturer in History at the Maharaja College, Mysore. In 1919, Krishna was made a member of the Royal Asiatic Society, London. The then Vice Chancellor of University of Mysore Brajendranath Seal and Head of the Department of History, Maharaja College - Radha Kumud Mukherjee were impressed with M. H. Krishna's aptitude in Numismatics and Epigraphy and deputed him to Bangalore, Archaeology Office for the cataloguing of close to 6000 coins in their archives there (1920 -1922).

By 1924, Krishna was sponsored for higher studies to University College, London. Here, he was guided in his research by |Ernest Arthur Gardiner. Apart from Gardiner, he was under the tutelage of L. D. Barnett, Sir Flinders Petrie, Eliot Smith, Seligman, W. J. Perry and Edvard Westermarck. Krishna accompanied Flinders Petrie on his Egyptian excavations. He made use of his time in Europe to visit and study collections of South Indian interest at the British Museum, the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, the Fitzwilliam Collection, Cambridge, the National Museum, Paris and the Kaiser Friedrich Museum, Berlin. He submitted his theses Deccan Numismatics for publication to the Royal Institute at this time. Krishna was invited to deliver a series of public lectures on Indian History and Archaeology. He delivered about seven lectures in 1926. He was eventually made Fellow of Royal Numismatics Society and Royal Anthropological Institute, London.

University of Mysore and Archaeology Department

M. H. Krishna, S. Srikanta Sastri, Rallapalli Anantha Krishna Sharma

Upon his return to India, Krishna assumed charge in the History department of Maharaja College, Mysore. This was in addition to his duties at the Archaeology Department. During this time, he was president of the “University Historical Association”. Krishna emphasized on the study of Karnataka history and cultural history of Karnataka. He became Head of the Department in 1932. In 1933, He became a member of the University Senate Academic Council. He was made Dean of Faculty of Arts at University of Mysore in 1939. Krishna was examiner at University of Mysore, University of Allahabad and University of Bombay in addition to being a visiting interviewer for the Civil Services Exam.

His students include S. Srikanta Sastri, Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar, Dinakara Desai, M. Seshadri, N. Anantharangachar, M. N. Srinivas, S. R. Rao, B. Sheikh Ali, A. V. Venkatarathnam, C. M. Vedavalli, M. P. L. Sastry, E. R. Sethuram, D. Javaregowda, G. Venkatasubbiah, S. V. Parameshwara Bhatta and Chaduranga.

Halmidi Inscription (A. D. 350) - Discovered by Krishna

The Mysore Government Archaeological Department, since its inception in 1885, was instrumental in discoveries of hundreds of inscriptions and copper plates. Benjamin Lewis Rice was the first director and was responsible for discovering and cataloguing close to 9000 Inscriptions. His successor R. Narasimhacharya discovered about 5000 inscriptions and thereafter R. Shamasastry brought in 1000 inscriptions. M. H. Krishna added to this collection by discovering another 2000 inscriptions. Some of the inscriptions discovered by M. H. Krishna are:

  • Mayura Verma’s Chandravalli Inscription.
  • Rashtrakuta – Pandurangapalli’ Inscription.
  • Gangarasa II Madhavana Keregelur Shashana
  • Vijayanagara Narasimha Copper Plates
  • Kadamba Ravivarma Koramangala Plates
  • Oldest Kannada Inscription – Halmidi (A. D. 450)
  • Nandana Hosuru Copper Inscriptions.

Krishna was involved in discovering, what was then the oldest Kannada Inscription - Halmidi Inscription (A. D. 350). He also undertook excavations at Chandravalli in Chitradurga district. He discovered the remains of the lost city of Isila near Brahmagiri. In fact, Krishna was the first in India to use the science of 'Stratigraphy' for archaeology. He identified five different cultural strata called ‘Microlithic’, Neolithic, Iron Age, Mauryan and Chalukya-Hoysala strata. He designated the first one (the Microlithic) as the ‘Roppa Culture’ because it was found in the vicinity of that village. He also discovered the forgotten burial site of Shahaji Rao (Shivaji's Father).

Personal life

Krishna married Rajamma in early 1924. She died during childbirth. Krishna married Jayamma in 1933 and had five children. He was a devotee of the Ramakrishna Mission. He was among the few, apart from the Irish poet James Cousins to suggested to K. V. Puttappa that he should author poems, not in English as he had initially attempted, but instead to do so in his native tongue - Kannada. Krishna suffered from elevated blood pressure and diabetes for nearly a decade and a half. He died on 23 December 1947.

Contributions

Krishna's tenure at the Archaeological Department saw him file numerous Annual Reports, chronicle annual excavation findings in the Epigraphia Carnatica and publish his findings in many books. He authored about 15 books, 100 articles in various journals and many monographs.

Works

  • Krishna, M. H.: Hindu Charithrasara
  • Krishna, M. H.: Ajanta Mathu Ellora
  • Krishna, M. H.: Kannada Nadina Charithre – Kalegalu
  • Krishna, M. H.: Karnatakada Poorva Charithre’[6]
  • Krishna, M. H.: Tippu Sultan (Drama – Unpublished)
  • Krishna, M. H.: Guide to Mysore State[7]
  • Krishna, M. H.: Great Personages in History
  • Krishna, M. H.: Guide to Belur[8][9]
  • Krishna, M. H.: Guide to Halebidu
  • Krishna, M. H.: Guide to Talkad[10]
  • Krishna, M. H.: Guide to Shravanabelagola[11][12]
  • Krishna, M. H.: Guide to Srirangapatna[13][14]
  • Krishna, M. H.: Guide to Nandi[15][16]
  • Krishna, M. H.: Evolution of Kannada Alphabet – A Chart
  • Krishna, M. H.: Map of Karnataka
  • Krishna, M. H.: Excavation at Chandravalli – Part I[17]
  • Krishna, M. H.: Proceedings of the Eighth All India Oriental Conference
  • Krishna, M. H.: Index to Annual Reports of Mysore Archaeological Survey 1906 – 1908[18][19][20]
  • Krishna, M. H.: General Index to Epigraphia Carnatica Part I[21][22]
  • Krishna, M. H.: Epigraphia Carnatica – Vol XIV – Supplementary Inscriptions in Mysore and Mandya districts[23][4]
  • Krishna, M. H.: Epigraphia Carnatica – Vol XV – Supplementary Inscriptions in Hassan District[24]’[25]
  • Krishna, M. H.: Mysore Archaeological Survey Annual Reports (1929 – 1945)
  • Krishna, M. H.: Hoysala Architecture (Unpublished)
  • Krishna, M. H.: Excavation at Chandravalli – Part III Conclusions (Unpublished)
  • Krishna, M. H.: Political & Cultural History of India (Unpublished)
  • Krishna, M. H.: Cultural History of India (Unpublished)
  • Krishna, M. H.: Sindhu Teerada Puratana Samskruthi
  • Krishna, M. H.: Mallikarjuna mata mathu Kala
  • Krishna, M. H.: Vichaara
  • Krishna, M. H.: Athyantha Prachina Kannada Shashana

Conference papers

  • Krishna, M. H.: ‘Rashtrakuta Empire of 5th & 6th Centuries A. D.’
  • Krishna, M. H.: ‘Shivaji and the Mysore Raj’
  • Krishna, M. H.: ‘Prehistoric Pictographs from South India’
  • Krishna, M. H.: ‘Some Curious ways of disposing of the dead in Mysore’
  • Krishna, M. H.: ‘The art of Gomata Colossus’
  • Krishna, M. H.: ‘The Talakad Gangas and Pallavas’
  • Krishna, M. H.: ‘Shahaji’s tomb at Hodigere’
  • Krishna, M. H.: ‘The early Rashtrakutas of 6th Century A.D.’
  • Krishna, M. H.: ‘Mayurasarma Kadamba’s territories’
  • Krishna, M. H.: ‘Vishnuvardhana Hoysala as a Prince’
  • Krishna, M. H.: ‘The Vidyashankara Temple, Sringeri’
  • Krishna, M. H.: ‘Burials in Mysore State’[26]
  • Krishna, M. H.: ‘The Brahmagiri Site’
  • Krishna, M. H.: ‘The Mahamastakabhisheka of Gommateshwara at Shravanabelagola’
  • Krishna, M. H.: ‘The History of Sri Vijayanarayana temple at Belur

Bibliography

  • ಡಾ ।। ಎಂ. ಎಚ್. ಕೃಷ್ಣ - Biography by K. G. Nagarajan[27][28][1]
  • Seeing Krishna in America: The Hindu Bhakti Tradition of Vallabhacharya in India" - E. Allen Richardson; p. 218[29]
  • The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society - Vol 72, 1981; p. 218, 238. [30]
  • The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society - Vol 80, 1980; p. 132, 133, 134.[31]
  • Historiography of Karnataka: Seminar Papers - Suryanath Kamat; Mythic Society; (1991)[32]
  • Indian Economy: Agenda for the 21st Century - Essays in honour of Professor. P. R. Brahmananda by Rajkumar Sen; Biswajit Chatterjee (2003); p. 5.[33]
  • Jainism in Early Medieval Karnataka by R. B. P. Singh; p. 142[34]
  • Proceedings of the Indian History Congress - Vol. 53 - Indian History Congress; p. 714, 721 (1993)[35]
  • Numismatic Digest - Vol 20. - Numismatic Society of Bombay, (1998); p. 91, 92.[36]
  • Numismatic Digest - Vol 7. - Numismatic Society of Bombay, (1983); p. 91, 92.[37]
  • Prāgdhāra: U. Pra. Rājya Purātattva Saṅgaṭhana kī "ṡodha Patrikā" - Issue 12. - U. Pra. Rājya Purātattva Saṅgaṭhana, (2001); p. 89, 93, 98.[38]
  • Journal of the Mysore University: Arts. Section A, Volume 52 - University of Mysore, (1990) - p. 7[39]
  • Coins and Currency Systems in South India, C. A.D. 225-1300 - Brajadulal Chattopadhyay - Munshiram Manoharlal, (1977) - p. 33, 36, 61[40]
  • Mysore University Calendar - University of Mysore (1929)[41]
  • Karnataka State Gazetteer: Mysore - Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. (1988)[42]
  • "The Golden Era of Archaeology" - Deccan Herald Newspaper - S. Narendra Prasad; December (2016).[43]
  • The Installation of Krishnaraja Wodeyar - IV - Politics of Dissent and Development (1901 - 1909); p. 32.
  • ಸಂಪದ - ಇವರು ಯಾರು ..? - Balu; August 31 (2013) - biographical discussion on M. H. Krishna;[44]

Citations

  • Mauryan Public Finance by M. H. Gopal - G. Allen & Unwin ltd. (1935)[45]
  • An Introduction to Research Procedure in Social Sciences by M. H. Gopal - Asia Publishing House (1970)[46]
  • Research Reporting in Social Sciences by M. H. Gopal, S. S. Wodeyar; Karnatak University[47]
  • A New Piece of the Early Rāṣṭrakūṭa Puzzle from Jamkhed. by Daniel Balogh; South Asian Studies 30.2 (2014): 173-180.[48]
  • Neolithic Cultural Patterns and Movements in North Mysore State'." by A. Sundara; The Journal of the Karnataka University-Social Sciences 6 (1970): 3-13.[49]
  • Ancient India as described in Classical Literature: being a collection of Greek & Latin texts relating to India by Burton, R. F.; Preedy Memorial Library - (1935)[50]
  • Mysore State Gazetteer: Chitradurga District by Sathyan, B. N. - Vol. 4; Government Press; (1967).[51]
  • Artifacts as Texts by Paddayya. K; Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Vol 64 (2003) p. 1353 - 1369.[52]
  • Economic Processes in the Kadamba State by Yogender Dayma; Proceedings of the Indian History Congress; Vol 67 (2004) p. 118 - 127.[53]
  • Contribution of the Deccan College to Neolithic Studies in South India by K.Paddayya;Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute-Vol. 64/65 (2004-05), pp. 27-42[54]
  • Historical Notices of the Lokayatas by B. A. Saletore; Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. Vol. 23, No. 1/4 (1942), pp. 386-397 [55]
  • South Indian Neolithic Culture Seen in Retrospect by Rami Reddy. V; East and West; Vol. 35, No. 1/3 (September 1985), pp. 43-65[56]
  • The Kailāsa of Ellora and the Chronology of Rāshtrakūta Art by Goetz. H; Artibus Asiae; Vol. 15, No. 1/2 (1952), pp. 84-107[57]
  • The Brahmadeva Pillars. An Inquiry into the Origin and Nature of the Brahmadeva Worship among the Digambara Jains by S. Settar; Artibus Asiae; Vol. 33, No. 1/2 (1971), pp. 17-38[58]
  • An Interview with M. N. Srinivas by Chris Fuller; Anthropology Today; Vol. 15, No. 5 (Oct., 1999), pp. 3-9[59]
  • Tales, Tanks, and Temples: The Creation of a Sacred Center in Seventeenth-Century Bengal by Pika Ghosh; Asian Folklore Studies; Vol. 61, No. 2 (2002), pp. 193-222[60]

References

  1. 1 2 Nagarajan, K. G. (2009). Dr. M. H. Krishna. Kannada Sahitya Parishat. pp. 1–4.
  2. ↑ "History of Archaeology - 6 | AIDCSC". www.indiancommunities.org. Retrieved 2018-08-23.
  3. ↑ "KRISHNA M". www.shastriyakannada.org. Retrieved 2018-08-23.
  4. 1 2 Mysore (India : State). Archaeological Dept; Rice, B. Lewis (Benjamin Lewis); Narasimhachar, R. (Ramanujapuram); Krishna, Mysore Hatti (1886). Epigraphia carnatica. Harvard University. Bangalore, Mysore Govt. Central Press.
  5. ↑ Sastri, Dr S. Srikanta (22 August 2018). "Brief Biographical Sketch of M. H. Krishna". www.srikanta-sastri.org. Archived from the original on 22 August 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  6. ↑ Krishna, Mysore Hatti (1953). ಕರ್ಣಾಟಕದ ಪೂರ್ವಚರಿತ್ರೆ.
  7. ↑ Krishna, M. H. (1935). "A Guide to the Mysore State". WorldCat. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  8. ↑ Krishna, M. H. (1943). "Guide to Belur". Solo Bodleian Oxford. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  9. ↑ Krishna, Mysore Hatti; Mysore (India : State) (1943). A guide to Belur,. Mysore: Printed by Asst. Supt., Govt. Branch Press.
  10. ↑ Krishna, Mysore Hatti (1938). A guide to Talkad. Bangalore: The Govt. Press.
  11. ↑ Krishna, M. H. (1940). "A Guide to Sravana Belagola". iDiscover - Cambridge University Library. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  12. ↑ Krishna, Mysore Hatti; Mysore (India : State); Archaeological Department (1957). A guide to Sravana-Belgola. Mysore: Printed by the Senior Asst. Director, Govt. Branch Press.
  13. ↑ Krishna, M. H. (1947). "A Guide to Seringapatam". iDiscover - Cambridge University Library. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  14. ↑ Krishna, M. H. (1937). "A Guide to Seringapatam". Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  15. ↑ Krishna, M. H. (1940). "Guide to Nandi". Solo Bodleian Library - Oxford. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  16. ↑ Krishna, Mysore Hatti (1940). A guide to Nandi,. Bangalore: Printed by the Superintendent at the Govt. Press.
  17. ↑ Krishna, M. H. (1931). "Archaeological Survey at Mysore; Excavation at Chandravalli; Introduction and Trial Excavations". iDiscover - Cambridge University Library. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  18. ↑ Krishna, M. H. (1929). "Index to the Annual Reports of the Mysore Archaeological department for the Years 1906-1922". iDiscover - Cambridge University Library. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  19. ↑ Krishna, Mysore Hatti; Mysore (India : State); Archaeological Department (1929). Index to the annual reports of the Mysore archaeological department for the years 1906-1922. Bangalore: Printed at the Government Press.
  20. ↑ Krishna, M. H. (1929). "Index to the annual reports of the Mysore Archaeological Department for the years 1906-1922". Solo Bodleian Oxford. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  21. ↑ Rice, Benjamin Lewis; Ramanujapuram Narasimhacharya; Nīlakaṇṭha Śāstrī, Kallidaikurichi Aiyah; Krishna, Mysore Hatti; Seshadri, M (1903). Epigraphia Carnatica. Madras etc.
  22. ↑ Rice, B. Lewis; Krishna, M.H (1934). Epigraphica carnatica Vol. 13, Vol. 13,. Bangalore: Superintendent Government Press.
  23. ↑ Krishna, Mysore Hatti (1943). Epigraphia Carnatica. 14, 14, (in Kannada). Bangalore.
  24. ↑ Mysore (India : State); Archaeological Department; Rice, B. Lewis; Narasimhacharya, Ramanujapuram; Krishna, Mysore Hatti (1943). Epigraphia carnatica (in Latin). Bangalore: Mysore Govt. Central Press.
  25. ↑ Krishna, Mysore Hatti (1943). Epigraphia Carnatica. 15, 15, (in Kannada). Bangalore.
  26. ↑ Antiquity, Cambridge Journal (June 1938). "Burials in Mysore State". www.cambridge.org. Archived from the original on 1938. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  27. ↑ Krishna, M. H. (2010). "Dr M. H. Krishna: His Life, Work and Contribution to Kannada Archaeology". Solo Bodleian Oxford. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  28. ↑ K. G., Nagarajan (2010). "Dr. M. H. Krishna : his life, work and contribution to Karnataka archaeology". WorldCat. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  29. ↑ Richardson, E. Allen (2014-07-29). Seeing Krishna in America: The Hindu Bhakti Tradition of Vallabhacharya in India and Its Movement to the West. McFarland. ISBN 9780786459735.
  30. ↑ The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore). The Society. 1981.
  31. ↑ The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore, India). The Society. 1989.
  32. ↑ Kāmat, Sūryanātha; India), Mythic Society (Bangalore (1991). Historiography of Karnataka: seminar papers. Mythic Society.
  33. ↑ Sen, Raj Kumar; Chatterjee, Biswajit (2002). Indian Economy, Agenda for the 21st Century: Essays in Honour of Professor P.R. Brahmananda. Deep & Deep Publications. ISBN 9788176293600.
  34. ↑ Singh, R. B. P. (2008). Jainism in Early Medieval Karnataka. Motilal Banarsidass Publishe. ISBN 9788120833234.
  35. ↑ Congress, Indian History (1993). Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. Indian History Congress.
  36. ↑ Numismatic Digest. Numismatic Society of Bombay. 1998.
  37. ↑ Numismatic Digest. Numismatic Society of Bombay. 1983.
  38. ↑ Prāgdhāra: U. Pra. Rājya Purātattva Saṅgaṭhana kī "ṡodha Patrikā". U. Pra. Rājya Purātattva Saṅgaṭhana. 2001.
  39. ↑ Journal of the Mysore University: Arts. Section A. University of Mysore. 1990.
  40. ↑ Chattopadhyay, Brajadulal (1977). Coins and Currency Systems in South India, C. A.D. 225-1300. Munshiram Manoharlal.
  41. ↑ Mysore, University of (1929). Mysore University Calendar.
  42. ↑ Karnataka State Gazetteer: Mysore. Director of Print, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1988.
  43. ↑ "miscellany - The golden era of archaeology". Deccan Herald. 2016-12-05. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
  44. ↑ "ಇವರು ಯಾರು ? | ಸಂಪದ - Sampada". sampada.net (in Kannada). Retrieved 2018-08-27.
  45. ↑ "Unwin, Sir Stanley, (19 Dec. 1884–13 Oct. 1968), Publisher; Chairman: George Allen & Unwin Ltd; Elkin Mathews and Marrot, Ltd", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, retrieved 2018-08-28
  46. ↑ Gopal, M. H. (1970). An Introduction to Research Procedure in Social Sciences. Mysore: Asia Publishing House. pp. 1–7.
  47. ↑ "Mysore, Hh the Maharaja Sri Jaya Chamarajendra Wadiyar Bahadur, (18 July 1919–23 Sept. 1974), Governor of Mysore; formerly Chancellor of Mysore University; Chancellor of Karnatak University", Who Was Who, Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01, retrieved 2018-08-28
  48. ↑ Balogh, Dániel (2014-07-03). "A New Piece of the Early Rāṣṭrakūṭa Puzzle from Jamkhed". South Asian Studies. 30 (2): 173–180. doi:10.1080/02666030.2014.962300. ISSN 0266-6030.
  49. ↑ Sundara, A (1970). "Neolithic Cultural Patterns and Movements in North Mysore State". The Journal of the Karnatak University. 6: 3–13 – via Google Scholar.
  50. ↑ Burton, R. F. (1935). "Ancient India as described in Classical Literature - being a collection of Greek and Latin texts relating to India". Catalogue of books on archaeology and art and cognate works belonging to the Preedy Memorial Library and other collections in the University Library.: 204 – via Google Scholar.
  51. ↑ Sathyan, B N (1967). Mysore State Gazetteer. Mysore: Government Press. p. 4.
  52. ↑ Paddayya, K. (2003). "Sectional President's Address: ARtefacts as Texts". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 64: 1353–1369.
  53. ↑ Dayma, Yogender (2006). "Indian History Congress Prize Essay:Economic Processes in the earlyKadamba State". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 67: 118–127.
  54. ↑ Paddayya, K. (2004). "Contribution of the Deccan College to Neolithic Studies in South India". Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute. 64/65: 27–42.
  55. ↑ Saletore, B. A. (1942). "Historical Notices of the Lokāyatas". Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. 23 (1/4): 386–397.
  56. ↑ Reddy, V. Rami (1985). "South Indian Neolithic Culture Seen in Retrospect". East and West. 35 (1/3): 43–65.
  57. ↑ Goetz, H. (1952). "The Kailasa of Ellora and the Chronology of Rashtrakuta Art". Artibus Asiae. 15 (1/2): 84. doi:10.2307/3248615. ISSN 0004-3648.
  58. ↑ Settar, S. (1971). "The Brahmadeva Pillars. An Inquiry into the Origin and Nature of the Brahmadeva Worship among the Digambara Jains". Artibus Asiae. 33 (1/2): 17. doi:10.2307/3249787. ISSN 0004-3648.
  59. ↑ Srinivas, M. N.; Fuller, Chris (1999). "An Interview with M. N. Srinivas". Anthropology Today. 15 (5): 3–9. doi:10.2307/2678368.
  60. ↑ Ghosh, Pika (2002). "Tales, Tanks, and Temples: The Creation of a Sacred Center in Seventeenth-Century Bengal". Asian Folklore Studies. 61 (2): 193. doi:10.2307/1178971. ISSN 0385-2342.
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